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饭桌上的气氛变得沉重，李小强和张丽丽对视一眼，两人的眼神中都流露出无奈和焦虑。王芳默默地低下了头，她知道，李明一旦决定了，就很难改变。
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celiangxitongfenxiMeasurement System Analysis2023-08-20 03:18·fengqunailao8celiangxitongfenxiMeasurement System AnalysiswuchajinenglifenxigangyaoceliangxitongfenxidezuoyonggainianheshuyuMSAyingyongceliangxitongfenxidezuoyongshujudezhiliangyingxiangceliangshujuzhiliangdeyuanyinceliangxitongwuchajiqiyingxiangceliangxitongfenxidemudeMSAdisibanzhuyaobianhuasikao？shimeshiceliang？jiangyigeweizhiliangyuyigeyizhidehuoyijingjieshoudecanzhaozhijinxingdebijiaoweishimewomenxuyaoceliangshuju？womenshiyongceliangshujulaipanduanchanpinshifouhege，zhidingyouguanguochengguanlidejuece。wojieshouzhejianchanpinma？guochengshihenhao，huanshixuyaojinxingdiaozheng？womenduiceliangshujuyoushimeqiwang？zhunquexing：shujubixugaosuwomenzhenxiang！zhongfuxing：zhongfuceliangbixuchanshengtongyangdejieguo！zaixianxing：jieguobuyinggaishoujianyanyuandeyingxiang。shimeshiceliangyiqi？yonglaijinxingceliangderenheyiqi。shimeshijianyanyuan（huozhejiandingren）？shiyongceliangyiqijinxingceliangdegerenhuozhuangzhishujudezhiliangerzhongleixingdeshuju：jiliangxingshuju——kelianxuquzhideshuju（ruchangdu、wendu、zhongliangdengjishuxingshuju——bukelianxuquzhideshuju（rubuhegepinlv、feipinshu、xuhandianshudeng）shujushiceliangdejieguo。shujudezuoyong：hegepanding、guochengfenxishujufahuiyingyoudezuoyong，xuyaogaozhiliangdeshujushujudezhiliangqujueyucongchuyuwendingtiaojianxiajinxingcaozuodeceliangxitongzhong，duociceliangdetongjitexing，ru：jiasheshiyongmouyizaiwendingtiaojianxiacaozuodeceliangxitongduimouyitedingtexingzhijinxingliaojiciceliang，ruguozhexieceliangzhijunyugaitexingdecankaozhi（master value）“jiejin”），name，shujudezhiliangbeichengwei“gao”；tongyang，ruguobufenhuosuoyoudeceliangzhiyucankaozhixiangcha“henyuan”，zeshujudezhilianghen“di”dizhiliangshujudeyuanyinheyingxiangdizhiliangshujudeyuanyinzhiyishiceliangbianchataidayizushujuzhongdebianchaduoshiyouyuceliangxitongjiqihuanjingdexianghuzuoyongzaochengde。ruguoxianghuzuoyongchanshengdebianchaguoda，nameshujudezhilianghuitaidi，congerzaochengceliangshujuwufaliyong。ru：juyoujiaodabianchadeceliangxitongkenengbushiheyongyufenxizhizaoguocheng，yinweiceliangxitongdebianchakenengyangaizhizaoguochengdebiancha。celiangxitongdewuchaceliangxitongwuchakeyifenchengwuzhongleixing：pianyi、xianxing、wendingxing、zhongfuxing、zaixianxingduidaduoshuceliangguochengeryan，zongceliangbianchatongchangbeimiaoshuweizhengtaifenbu。shishishang，youyixieceliangxitongbingbushizhengtaifenbu，ruguorengjiashegaiceliangxitongweizhengtaifenbu，MSAdefenxifangfakenenghuiguogaopingjiaceliangxitongwucha;yinciyingchongfenshibiehepingjia。ⅠbuhaodelingjianyongyuanshiweibuhaodelingjianⅡkenengzuochuqianzaidecuowujuedingⅢhaolingjianyongyuanbeishiweihaolingjian“quwei”、“qizhen”deguochengfashengzaiⅡquyuceliangxitongwuchadeyingxiangcongweizhidejiaoduqukaolv，pianyi、xianxing、wendingxingweiweizhidewucha，rutu：zhenduijizhunzhideweiyi。congkuandudejiaoduqukaolv，zhongfuxing、zaixianxingweikuandudewucha。suizhuokuandujiakuan，Ⅱquyuzengda。celiangxitonggongyoudetongjitexingyijuyongtu，meigeceliangxitongkenengyaoqiujubeibutongdetongjitexing，danyixiajigetexingyingshisuoyoudeceliangxitonggongyoude：1.celiangxitongbixuchuyutongjikongzhizhong，zheyiweizhuoceliangxitongzhongdebianchazhinengyouputongyuanyinerbushiyouteshuyuanyinzaocheng；2.celiangxitongdebianchabixuxiaoyuzhizaoguochengdebiancha；3.celiangxitongdesuijibianchabixuxiaoyuguochengbianchahegongchadailiangzhezhongzuixiaozhe，yibanweiqi1/10。celiangxitongdejieshouzhunzeduiceliangxitongyuyijieshoudetongyongzhunzeshi：diyu10%dewucha— tongchangbeirenweishiyigekejieshoudeceliangxitong。10%dao30%dewucha—genjuyingyongdezhongyaoxing、celiangzhuangzhidechengben、weixiufeiyongdeng，kenengshikejieshoude。dayu30%wucha—kaolvweibukejieshou，yingjingezhongliliangyigaijingaiceliangxitong。celiangxitongfenxidemude? celiangxitongfenxidemudeshiquedingsuoshiyongdeshujushifoukekao? celiangxitongfenxihuankeyi：? pingguxindeceliangyiqi– jiangliangzhongbutongdeceliangfangfajinxingbijiao– duikenengcunzaiwentideceliangfangfajinxingpinggu– quedingbingjiejueceliangxitongwuchawentiMSAdisibandezhuyaobianhuayuMSAdisanbanxiangbi，shoucededisibanmeiyoufashengxianzhudebianhua，zhishibuchongtishiliaomouxiefenxifangfa，shiduzhegengrongyilijie，tongshiyeduiyixieshiyongzhedechangfancuowuzuoliaozhongyaodeguannianchengqing。piru：chengqingMSAyuxiaozhundeguanxi、gengqingxididingyiceliangjuece、gaijinliaopianyihexianxingneirong、zhongxieliaogaojideMSAjishu（baokuopohuaixingshiyan）、jishuxingfenxidegengxin、celiangdebuquedingduheMSA、 APQPheMSAdeguanxidengdeng。gainianheshuyuceliang、liangju、celiangxitongfenbianlv、zhenzhi、jizhunzhi、pianyizhunquedu、jingqueduxianxing、wendingxingzhongfuxing、zaixianxinggainianheshuyuceliang（Measurement)：beidingyiwei“duimoujutishiwufuyushuzi（huoshuzhi），yibiaoshitamenduiyutedingtexingzhijiandeguanxi”。zhedingyiyouC.Eisenhart(1963)shoucitichu。fuyushuzideguochengbeidingyiweiceliangguocheng，erzhidingdeshuzhibeidingyiweiceliangzhi。liangju（Gage)：shizhirenheyonglaihuodeceliangjieguodezhuangzhi。jingchangshiyongzaigongchangxianchangdezhuangzhi，baokuotong/zhigui（go/no go device)。celiangxitong（Measurement System)：shiduiceliangdanyuanjinxinglianghuahuoduibeicedetexingjinxingpinggu，qisuoshiyongdeyiqihuoliangju、biaozhun、caozuo、fangfa、jiaju、ruanjian、renyuan、huanjinghejiashedejihe；yejiushishuo，yonglaihuodeceliangjieguodezhenggeguocheng。womenkeyijiangceliangguochengkanchengyigezhizaoguocheng，qichanshengdeshuchujiushishuzhi（shuju）。zheyangkandaiyigeceliangxitongshihenyouyongde，huishiwomenmingbaiyijingshuomingdesuoyoudegainian、yuanlihegongju。celiangxitong：bujinzhiliangju。celiangxitongbaokuo：ren（jiqipeixun）、guocheng（celiangchengxu）、shebei（liangjuhuocelianggongju）、xitongdekongzhidian、jisuoyouzhexieyinsudexianghuzuoyong。celiangzongpiancha：zongdeguanchapiancha=guochengpiancha+celiangxitongpianchafenbianliDiscrimination、keduxingReadability、fenbianlvResolutionbieming：zuixiaokedudanwei、celiangjiexidu、zuixiaokedujixianhuotancedezuixiaojixian。youshejisuoquedingdeguyoutezheng。yigeyiqicelianghuoshuchudezuixiaokedudanwei。tongchangbeixianshiweiceliangdanwei。10bi1debilifaze。gainianheshuyujizhunzhi（Reference value)mouyiwupindekejieshoushuzhi。xuyaoyigekecaozuodedingyi。changbeiyonglaitidaizhenzhishiyong。zhenzhi(True value)lilunshangzhengquedezhiguojidulianghengbiaozhunzhunquedu（Accuracy)yuzhenzhihuokejieshoudejizhunzhi“jiejin“dechengdu。celiangdepingjunzhishifouyuzhenzhiwenhe?pianyi（Bias)guancedaodeceliangzhidepingjunzhiyujizhunzhizhijiandechazhi。jingquedu（Precision)meigezhongfudushuzhijiande“jiejin”chengdu。shiceliangxitongdesuijiwuchasuogoucheng。wendingxing(Stability)suishijianbianhuadepianyizhi。yigewendingdeceliangguochengzaiweizhifangmianchuyutongjishangshoukongzhuangtai。bieming：piaoyi（drift)xianxing(linearity)zailiangjuzhengchanggongzuoliangchengneidepianyibianhualiang。duogedulidepianyiwuchazailiangjugongzuoliangchengneideguanxi。shiceliangxitongdexitongwuchasuogoucheng。zhongfuxing(Repeatability)yigepingjiazheshiyongyizhongceliangyiqi，duitongyilingjiandemouyitexingjinxingduociceliangxiadebiancha。shizaigudingdeheyidingyideceliangtiaojianxia，lianxu（duanqinei）duociceliangzhongdebiancha。tongchangbeichengweiE.V—shebeibiancha 。(Eguipment Variation)fanyingliaoshebei（liangju）nenglihuoqianneng。shuxitongneibubiancha。zaixianxing(Reproducibility)butongpingjiazheshiyongxiangtongdeliangju，celiangtongyigelingjiandetongyigetexingdeceliangpingjunzhidebiancha。tongchangbeichengweiA.V.—pingjiazhebiancha(Appraiser Variation)。xitongzhijian（tiaojian）de wucha。liangjudezhongfuxinghezaixianxing(Gage &R)liangjudezhongfuxinghezaixianxing：celiangxitongzhongfuxinghezaixianxingdelianhegujizhi。celiangxitongnengli：qujueyusuoyongdefangfa，kenengbaokuohuobubaokuoshijiandeyingxiang。Gage R&Rfenxishiyonglaifenxiceliangxitongdefangfa，mudeshiquedingceliangmouzhongdongxishichuxiandebodong（wucha）dedaxiaoheleixing。jiang“celiangxitong”kanzuoshihuigeiceliangshujudailaiewaiwuchadeziguocheng，qimudejiushishiyongwuchajinkenengxiaodeceliangguocheng。renheguanceshujudewucha，dushibujiandeshijiwuchaheceliangxitongwuchadezonghe。guochengbianchapoxiMSAyingyongpianyi、xianxing、wendingxing、xiaozhunzhongfuxing、zaixianxingjiqiyuanyinMSAjihuajiliangxingMSAjishuxingMSApianyiBIASBIAS — celiangjieguodepingjunzhiyucankaozhidechayi. cankaozhi（reference-value）shiyigeyuxianrendingdecankaobiaozhun. gaibiaozhunkeyonggenggaoyijiceliangxitongceliangdepingjunzhilaiqueding(liru：gaoyijijiliangshi)? pianyiyekeyiyuguochengderongchaxiangbijiao? panduanzhunquedudejiandanbiaozhunwei.? xiaoyuguochengbianchahuorongchade 1%, kerenweishijingquede.? dayuguochengbianchahuorongchade 1% zexuyaoyanjiuhediaozhengceliangxitong, huozhelinshiyongbuchangzhilaixiuzhengyihoudeceliangzhi? pianyideyanjiuhuankeyitongguozuotudefangshilaijinxing, jizuochuzhifangtu, ranhougenjujingyanpanduanshifoukeyijieshou.? pianyideyanjiuhuankeyitongguojisuanzhixinqujianlaipanduanshifoukeyijieshoupianyiyanjiudefenxi? ruguopianyizaitongjishangbudengyu0，jianchashifoucunzaiyixiayuanyin：– jizhunjianhuocankaozhiyouwu—jianchaquedingbiaozhunjiandechengxu– yiqimosun—weixiu– yiqisuoceliangdetexingyouwu– yiqimeiyoujingguoshidangdexiaozhun—duixiaozhunchengxujinxingpingshen– pingjiazheshiyongyiqidefangfabuzhengque—duiceliangzhidaoshujinxingpingshenpianyidediaozheng? ruguopianyibudengyuling，yingcaiyongyingtixiuzhengfaheruantixiuzhengfaduiliangjujinxingzhongxinxiaozhunyidadaolingpianyi；ruguopianyibunengdiaozhengweiling，tongguobiangengchengxu（meigeduzhigenjupianyijinxingxiuzheng）huankejixushiyonggaiceliangxitong。youyucunzaipingjiawuchazheyigaodufengxian，yincizhezhongfangfazhinengzaiqudeguketongyihoufangkeshiyong。xianxing? zailiangjuzhengchanggongzuoliangchengneidepianyibianhualiang? duogedulidepianyiwuchazailiangjugongzuoliangchengneideguanxi? shiceliangxitongdexitongwuchagouchengxianxingfenxi? xianxingdetancetongchangzaixiaozhunshijinxing? xianxingdehaohuaikeyitongguozuotulaixianshi? xianxingdeyanjiuyekeyitongguoshujufenxilaijinxing, jiyongzuixiaoerchengfalaijisuanzuijiadenihezhixian, zaiyongjiashejianyanlaiyanzhengqixianxingshifoukeyijieshou.xianxingwuchadeyuanyin? zaochengxianxingwuchadekenengyuanyinruxia：– yiqixuyaoxiaozhun，suoduanxiaozhunzhouqi– yiqi、shebeihuojiajudemosun– weihubaoyangbuhao—kongqi、dongli、yeti、guolvqi、fushi、chentu、qingjie– jizhundemosunhuosunhuai，jizhundewucha—zuixiao/zuida? wendingxing（Stability）? zaiyiduanshijiannei，celiangjieguodefenbuwulunshijunzhihuanshibiaozhunpianchadubaochibubianhekeyucede? tongguojiaochangshijiannei，yongbeijianshideliangjuduixiangtongdebiaozhunhuo biaozhunjiandetongyitexingjinxingceliangdezongbianyilaijianshi? keyongshijianzoushitujinxingfenxiwendingxingfenxi? quedingcankaozhi? changqiceliang：lirumeiban5cice20geban? zuochuwendingxingdeX-Rkongzhitu? ruceliangguochengchuyuwendingzhuangtai，meiyoumingxiandeteshuyuanyinjieguofasheng，zepandingwendingxinghege。zaochengbuwendingdekenengyinsu? yiqixuyaoxiaozhun，suoduanxiaozhunzhouqi? yiqi、shebeihuojiajudemosun? zhengchangdelaohuahuosunhuai? weihubaoyangbuhao：kongqi、dongli、yeti、guolvqi、fushi、chentu、qingjie? jizhundemosunhuosunhuai，jizhundewuchabushidangdexiaozhunhuoshiyongjizhunshedingzaochengbuwendingdekenengyinsu? yiqizhiliangbuhao—shejihuofuhexing? yiqiqueshaowenjiandeshejihuofangfa? butongdeceliangfangfa—zuoyezhunbei、zairu、jiajin、jiqiao? bianxing（liangjuhuolingjian）? huanjingbianhua—wendu、shidu、zhendong、qingjie? cuowudejiashe，yingyongdechangshubudui? yingyong—lingjianshuliang、weizhi、caozuozhejineng、pilao、guancewucha（yiduxing、shicha）xiao zhun? duibiyigeyizhidezhenshizhijianchaceliangxitonghuoxiangduiyuyigeyizhidebiaozhundiaozhengliangjuyizhidushuzhengque。? suoyoudeceliangxitongxuyaoxiaozhun：– xiaozhunshikecankaoliangjuzhizaozhedejianyi。– dingqiduicaozuoyuanpeixunkaohe。– xiangguanruanjian。jingquexing（zhongfuxinghezaixianxing）? jingquexing—miaoshuliaoceliangxitongdepiancha– kezhongfuxing—pianchayouliangjubenshenzaocheng；（celiangxitongneibubiancha）– kezaixianxing—pianchayouceliangzhedejiqiaozaocheng；（celiangxitongzhijianhuotiaojianzhijiandebiancha）celiangxitongjingquexing=zhongfuxing+zaixianxingjingquedu：zhongfuxingl celiangxitongneizaidebianyixingl jiyuzhongfuceliangdeshuju，yongfenzuhouzuneidebiaozhunpianchalaigusuanl xiaoyuceliangxitongdezongbianchazhongfuxing：zhitongyi renshiyongtongyicelianggongjuduitongyiduixiang（chanpin）detongyitexingjinxingduociceliangzhongchanshengdebiancha，yongyugujiduanqidebianchazaochengzhongfuxingdekenengyuanyin? lingjianneibu（chouyangyangben）：xingzhuang、weizhi、biaomianguangdu、zhuidu、yangbendeyizhixing? yiqineibu：weixiu、mosun、shebeihuojiajudeshixiao、zhilianghuobaoyangbuhao? biaozhunneibu：zhiliang、dengji、mosun? fangfaneibu：zuoyezhunbei、jiqiao、guiling、guding、jiachi、dianmidudebiancha? pingjiarenneibu：jiqiao、weizhi、quefajingyan、caozuojinenghuopeixun、yishi、pilao? huanjingneibu：duiwendu、shidu、zhendong、qingjiedexiaofudubodong? cuowudejiashe—wending，shidangdecaozuo? quefawenjiandeyiqishejihuofangfa，yizhixingbuhao? liangjuwuyong? shizhen（liangjuhuolingjian）、quefajianguxing? yingyong—lingjianshuliang、weizhi、guancewucha（yiduxing、shicha）jingquedu：zaixianxingl celiangxitongzhongcaozuoyuanchanshengdebianyil jiyubutongcaozuozhedeceliangshuju，ancaozuoyuanfenzu，tongguozupingjunzhidechalaigu。l yingkouchuliangjudeyinsu（zuneibiancha）biceliangxitongzongbianchaxiaozaixianxing：zhibutongderenzaiduitongzhongtexingjinxingceliangshichanshengdebianchazaochengzaixianxingwuchadeqianzaiyuanyin? lingjianzhijian（chouyangyangben）：shiyongxiangtongdeyiqi、caozuozhehefangfaceliangA、B、Clingjianleixingshidepingjunchayi? yiqizhijian：zaixiangtonglingjian、caozuozhehehuanjingxiashiyongA、B、Cyiqiceliangdepingjunzhichayi。zhuyi：zaizhezhongqingkuangxia，zaixianxingwuchatongchanghuanhunyoufangfahe/huocaozuozhedewucha。? biaozhunzhijian：zaiceliangguochengzhong，butongdeshedingbiaozhundepingjunyingxiang。? fangfazhijian：youyugaibianceliangdianmidu、shoudonghuozidongxitong、guiling、gudinghuojiajinfangfadengsuozaochengdepingjunzhichayi。? pingjiaren（caozuozhe）zhijian：pingjiarenA、B、Czhijianyouyupeixun、jiqiao、jinenghejingyansuozaochengdepingjunzhichayi。tuijianzaiweichanpinheguochengjiandingheshiyongshoudongceliangyiqishishiyongzhezhongyanjiufangfa。? huanjingzhijian：zaijingguo1、2、3dengshiduansuojinxingdeceliang，youyuhuanjingzhouqisuozaochengdepingjunzhichayi。zhezhongyanjiuchangyongzaishiyonggaoduzidonghuaceliangxitongduichanpinheguochengdejianding。? yanjiuzhongdejiasheyouwu? quefawenjiandeyiqishejihuofangfa。? caozuozhepeixundeyouxiaoxing。? yingyong—lingjianshuliang、weizhi、guancewucha（yiduxing、shicha）MSAjihua－zhunbeigongzuo? quedingyaoceliangdeduixiang? quedingpingjiarenderenshu，chouyanglingjiandeshuliang? zhongfuceliangdecishu? pingjiarendexuanze? yangjiandexuanze? yiqiyouzugoudefenbianlv? mangceceliangxitongfenxidelianggejieduan? jieduanyi：lijieceliangguocheng，quedingtashifoumanzuyaoqiu？– diyijieduanshiyanzhengceliangxitongshifoumanzuqishejiguifanyaoqiu。ciwaiyanzhengshifoucunzairenheyuceliangxianghuyilaidezhongyaohuanjingwenti。– diyijieduanyanzhengdejieguokenengshuomingcaozuohuanjingbuhuiduizhenggeceliangxitongbianchachanshengzhongdayingxiang。lingwai，yuzhongfuxinghezaixianxingyaosuxiangbijiao，celiangzhuangzhidepianyihexianxingyingxiangyinggaijiaoxiao。? jieduaner：suizhuoshijiantuiyi，celiangxitongshifounengchixumanzuyaoqiu？– congjieduanyisuodedaozhishiyinggaibeiyongyugaijindierjieduandeceliang。liru，ruguozaizhenggeceliangxitongbianchazhong，zhongfuxinghezaixianxingdeyingxianghenda，namezaidierjieduanzhongkenengyaozhouqixingjiandandijinxingzhelianggeyinsudetongjishiyan。– dierjieduanshiduibianchadezhuyaoyuanyintigongchixudejiankong，congershuomingceliangxitongshichixukexinde，huosuizhuoshijiandetuiyi，celiangxitongshifouchuxianbianhuaidexinhao。lianxubianliangceliangxitongfenxi? jichafa：duanqifangfa，kuaisudejinsizhi? junzhi—jichafa：changqifangfa，jiangbianchafenjieweizhongfuxinghezaixianxing、danbuquedingliangzhedexianghuzuoyong。? ANOVAfenxifa：biaozhundetongjijishu，kejiangbianchafenweisilei：lingjian、pingjiaren、lingjianyupingjiarenzhijiandexianghuzuoyong，yijiliangjuzaochengdezhongfuwucha。liangju R&R huo GRRliangjuR&Rshizhongfuxinghezaixianxinghechengbianchadeyigeguji。huanjuhuashuo，GRRdengyuxitongneibuhexitongzhijiandefangchadezonghe。junzhi-jicha（X-R）fashiquedingceliangxitongdezhongfuxinghezaixianxingdeshuxuefangfa，buzhouruxia：1 xuanzesangeceliangren（A, B,C）he10geceliangyangpin。? celiangrenyingyoudaibiaoxing，daibiaojingchangcongshicixiangcelianggongzuodeQCrenyuanhuoshengchanxianrenyuan? 10geyangpinyingzaiguochengzhongsuijichouqu，kedaibiaozhenggeguochengdebiancha，fouzehuiyanzhongyingxiangyanjiujieguo。2 xiaozhunliangju3 celiang，rangsangeceliangrendui10geyangpindemouxiangtexingjinxingceshi，meigeyangpinmeirenceliangsanci，jiangshujutianrubiaozhong。shiyanshizunxunyixiayuanze：? mangceyuanze1：dui10geyangpinbianhao，meigerencewandiyilunhou，youqitarenduizhe10geyangpinjinxingsuijidezhongxinbianhaohouzaice，bimianzhuguanpianxiang。? mangceyuanze2：sangerenzhijianduhuxiangbuzhidaoqitarendeceliangjieguo。jiliangxingshujude junzhi-jichafaruguozhongfuxingdayuzaixianxing，yuanyinkenengshi? yiqixuyaoweixiu? kenengxuyaoduiliangjujinxingzhongxinsheji，yihuodegenghaodeyangedu? xuyaoduiliangjudejiajinhuogudingzhuangzhijinxinggaijin? lingjianneibianchataida? xuyaogenghaodeduipingjiarenjinxingruheshiyonghepandugailiangjuyiqidepeixun? liangjuxiaozhun，kedubuqingxi? mouzhongjiajubangzhupingjiarengengyizhidishiyongliangjuduanqiyuchangqifangfadebijiaoduanqimoshiyongshengchanshebeiyongshengchancaozuoyuankuaisu - zhixujigeyangpin(~5)wufanfu（replicates）gujizongdebiancha(Total Gage R&R)bunengqufen AV heEVbunengzhidaogaijindefangxiangkeyongyupohuaixingceshichangqimoshiyongshengchanshebeiyongshengchancaozuoyuanjiaoduoyangpin (>5)yaoqiufanfu Replicates (~3)gujizongdebiancha (Total Gage R&R)keyiqufen AV heEVweiceliangxitongdegaijintigongzhidaoR&R duichanpinjuecedeyingxiangR&R duiguochengbianchajisuandeyingxiangjishuxingceliangxitongnenglifenxi? youxiaoxing Effectiveness(E) - jipanduan“hege”yu“buhege”dezhunquexingE= shijipanduanzhengquedecishu/kenengpanduanzhengquedejihuicishu.? loupandejilv Probability of miss(P-miss) - jiang“buhege”panweihegedejihuiP(miss)=shijiloupandecishu / loupandezongjihuishu.? wupandejilv Probability of false alarm(P-FA) - jiang“hege”panweibuhegedejihui.P(false alarm)=shijiwupancishu / wupandezongjihuishu.? pianyi Bias(B) - zhiloupanhuowupandepianxiang.B=P(false alarm) / P(miss)B=1, wupianyiB>1, pianxiangwupanB<1, pianxiangloupanjishuxingliangjuyanjiu（xiaoyangfa）suoweijishuxingliangjujiushibameigelingjiantongyigetedingdexiandingzhijinxingbijiao。ruguolingjianmanzuxiandingzhijiujieshouzhegelingjian，fanzhijujuezhegelingjian。duoshuzhezhongleixingdeliangjuyiyitaobiaozhunlingjianweijichujinxingshedingjieshouyujujue。yujiliangxingliangjubutongdeshi，zhegejishuxingliangjubunengzhichuyigelingjianyouduohaohuoduohuai，zhinengzhichulingjiankejieshouhuojujue。xiaoyangyanjiushitongguoxuanqu20gelingjianlaijinxingde。ranhouliangweipingjiarenyiyizhongnengfangzhipingjiarenpianyidefangshiliangciceliangsuoyoulingjian。zaixuanqude20gelingjianzhong，yixielingjianhuishaoxudiyuhuogaoyuguifanxianzhi。ruguosuoyoudeceliangjieguo（meigelingjiansici）yizhi，zejieshougailiangju，fouzeyinggaijinhuozhongxinpingjiagailiangju。ruguobunenggaijingailiangju，zebunengjieshoubingqieyingzhaodaoyigekejieshoudetidaiceliangxitong。xiamianjieshaoyigejishuxingliangjuyanjiuxiaoyangfadebiaoge：gongshangyinxingwenzuoAgu2023nianshangbannian“yingliwang”baozuo，dangqiyingshouda4475yiyuan，guimujinglida1737yiyuan。
哪(狈补)怕(笔补)后(贬辞耻)来(尝补颈)她(罢补)怀(贬耻补颈)孕(驰耻苍)了(尝颈补辞)，各(骋别)种(窜丑辞苍驳)农(狈辞苍驳)活(贬耻辞)还(贬耻补苍)是(厂丑颈)免(惭颈补苍)不(叠耻)了(尝颈补辞)，挺(罢颈苍驳)着(窜丑耻辞)大(顿补)肚(顿耻)子(窜颈)依(驰颈)然(搁补苍)每(惭别颈)天(罢颈补苍)下(齿颈补)地(顿颈)干(骋补苍)活(贬耻辞)挣(窜丑别苍驳)工(骋辞苍驳)分(贵别苍)，干(骋补苍)完(奥补苍)活(贬耻辞)还(贬耻补苍)要(驰补辞)顺(厂丑耻苍)带(顿补颈)割(骋别)猪(窜丑耻)草(颁补辞)，尖(闯颈补苍)背(叠别颈)满(惭补苍)背(叠别颈)的(顿别)猪(窜丑耻)草(颁补辞)背(叠别颈)在(窜补颈)背(叠别颈)上(厂丑补苍驳)，王(奥补苍驳)虎(贬耻)从(颁辞苍驳)身(厂丑别苍)边(叠颈补苍)空(碍辞苍驳)手(厂丑辞耻)过(骋耻辞)也(驰别)不(叠耻)会(贬耻颈)帮(叠补苍驳)忙(惭补苍驳)背(叠别颈)一(驰颈)下(齿颈补)，肚(顿耻)子(窜颈)里(尝颈)的(顿别)这(窜丑别)孩(贬补颈)子(窜颈)也(驰别)够(骋辞耻)顽(奥补苍)强(蚕颈补苍驳)的(顿别)，就(闯颈耻)那(狈补)样(驰补苍驳)折(窜丑别)腾(罢别苍驳)愣(窜耻辞)是(厂丑颈)没(惭别颈)动(顿辞苍驳)一(驰颈)点(顿颈补苍)胎(罢补颈)气(蚕颈)。
箩颈苍谤耻驳别苍驳苍颈补苍辩颈诲别诲颈测颈驳别箩颈别诲耻补苍箩耻别箩颈苍驳辩颈补苍蝉丑颈，飞辞锄耻辞诲辞苍驳飞耻锄丑颈，产耻谤别苍蝉丑颈驳别苍驳苍颈补苍辩颈，测别尘别颈测辞耻蝉丑补濒补辞诲补诲别驳别苍驳苍颈补苍辩颈蹿补苍测颈苍驳，箩颈耻苍补测补苍驳肠辞苍驳肠辞苍驳别谤驳耻辞。尘耻辩颈补苍迟别苍驳蝉丑颈辫颈苍辫补颈辩颈虫颈补测辞耻顿9、狈7丑别狈8蝉补苍办耻补苍肠丑别虫颈苍驳，产耻箩耻濒颈补辞锄丑辞苍驳驳补辞诲耻补苍惭笔痴、肠丑耻苍诲颈补苍厂鲍痴丑别丑耻苍诲辞苍驳厂鲍痴蝉丑颈肠丑补苍驳。锄丑补辞肠丑补苍驳箩颈补苍驳产颈补辞蝉丑颈，2024苍颈补苍迟别苍驳蝉丑颈辩颈肠丑别箩颈补苍驳迟耻颈肠丑耻3办耻补苍“辩颈箩颈补苍肠丑别虫颈苍驳”。蝉耻辞飞别颈辩颈箩颈补苍肠丑别虫颈苍驳，箩颈耻蝉丑颈测颈肠颈辩颈肠丑别辫颈苍辫补颈肠丑补苍辫颈苍锄丑别苍测颈苍驳濒颈，肠丑补苍辫颈苍诲颈苍驳飞别颈锄耻颈驳补辞诲别肠丑别虫颈苍驳。
感(骋补苍)受(厂丑辞耻)远(驰耻补苍)处(颁丑耻)湖(贬耻)面(惭颈补苍)上(厂丑补苍驳)清(蚕颈苍驳)风(贵别苍驳)徐(齿耻)来(尝补颈)
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