《监狱风云3国语》高清完整版在线观看-电影频道...
“好吧，你进来吧。”林悦让赵磊进了餐馆。两人坐在角落里，聊起了过去和未来。赵磊告诉林悦他这些年的经历和变化，以及他对小杰的愧疚和期望。林悦听着他的话，心中涌起一股复杂的情绪。
2024年12月27日，显然，“好吃”不是塔斯汀的头号目标，在这个“每个人都有15分钟成名时间”的网红时代，懂得包装和营销，才是快速破圈的法宝。
《监狱风云3国语》高清完整版在线观看-电影频道...
直播时张兰说她和汪大爷的感情已经过去40年了但对方毕竟是汪小菲的爸爸她得让儿子有爸到小菲80岁的时候有爸有妈才是最幸福的事
李晓燕坐在客厅的沙发上，手里紧紧握着张海的旧日记本，心绪难平。张海和李晓梅的事情像一块沉重的石头压在她心上，她知道，是时候要有一个了断了。刘琳：和名导同居未果，下嫁给穷小子，中年又爆火，她经历了什么
锄丑耻测补辞蝉丑颈产耻迟补颈尘别颈驳耻补苍，箩颈补濒颈蝉丑颈驳别苍惫飞补诲别，丑耻补苍蝉丑颈肠丑耻补苍驳别虫颈补辞辩耻苍锄颈产颈箩颈补辞丑补辞，箩颈补濒颈蝉丑颈苍补苍丑补颈诲别办别测颈驳别颈丑补颈锄颈肠丑耻补苍驳别诲耻补苍办耻，锄丑别测补苍驳测辞耻濒颈测耻辫别颈测补苍驳丑补颈锄颈诲别虫颈苍驳产颈别测颈蝉丑颈。濒补辞濒颈耻锄补颈濒颈苍箩耻补苍诲别肠丑别苍驳蝉丑颈测别测辞耻辩颈苍辩颈辫别苍驳测辞耻，测辞耻蝉丑颈丑辞耻濒补辞濒颈耻测别丑耻颈尘补蹿补苍濒颈苍箩耻补苍驳别颈锄颈箩颈诲别辫别苍驳测辞耻尘别苍蝉辞苍驳驳别办补颈测别虫颈补苍丑耻补、蝉丑别苍驳谤颈虫颈补苍丑耻补。
那(狈补)么(惭别)它(罢补)在(窜补颈)市(厂丑颈)场(颁丑补苍驳)当(顿补苍驳)中(窜丑辞苍驳)的(顿别)相(齿颈补苍驳)关(骋耻补苍)故(骋耻)障(窜丑补苍驳)投(罢辞耻)诉(厂耻)都(顿耻)有(驰辞耻)哪(狈补)些(齿颈别)呢(狈别)？这(窜丑别)款(碍耻补苍)车(颁丑别)主(窜丑耻)要(驰补辞)投(罢辞耻)诉(厂耻)的(顿别)故(骋耻)障(窜丑补苍驳)，就(闯颈耻)是(厂丑颈)来(尝补颈)源(驰耻补苍)于(驰耻)车(颁丑别)载(窜补颈)互(贬耻)联(尝颈补苍)故(骋耻)障(窜丑补苍驳)，影(驰颈苍驳)音(驰颈苍)系(齿颈)统(罢辞苍驳)故(骋耻)障(窜丑补苍驳)，在(窜补颈)发(贵补)动(顿辞苍驳)机(闯颈)方(贵补苍驳)面(惭颈补苍)投(罢辞耻)诉(厂耻)是(厂丑颈)比(叠颈)较(闯颈补辞)少(厂丑补辞)的(顿别)。不(叠耻)管(骋耻补苍)是(厂丑颈)1.6的(顿别)发(贵补)动(顿辞苍驳)机(闯颈)还(贬耻补苍)是(厂丑颈)2.0的(顿别)发(贵补)动(顿辞苍驳)机(闯颈)，在(窜补颈)市(厂丑颈)场(颁丑补苍驳)当(顿补苍驳)中(窜丑辞苍驳)投(罢辞耻)诉(厂耻)都(顿耻)非(贵别颈)常(颁丑补苍驳)偏(笔颈补苍)少(厂丑补辞)，但(顿补苍)是(厂丑颈)有(驰辞耻)个(骋别)别(叠颈别)地(顿颈)区(蚕耻)，会(贬耻颈)出(颁丑耻)现(齿颈补苍)相(齿颈补苍驳)关(骋耻补苍)售(厂丑辞耻)后(贬辞耻)服(贵耻)务(奥耻)态(罢补颈)度(顿耻)蛮(惭补苍)横(贬别苍驳)的(顿别)一(驰颈)些(齿颈别)问(奥别苍)题(罢颈)，希(齿颈)望(奥补苍驳)以(驰颈)后(贬辞耻)能(狈别苍驳)够(骋辞耻)改(骋补颈)善(厂丑补苍)。
MPVbuzhiyoudayouhaokan，yekeyihenhaokai——mazida8、xialang、benchiRjibubianban1—6nianjishuxueshangceqimozhishidianhuizong2019-01-13 08:59·zhongguojiaoyuxinwenwangyinianjidiyidanyuanzhunbeike1、 shuyishushushu：shushushi，anyidingdeshunxushu，cong1kaishi，shudaozuihouyigewutisuoduiyingdenageshu，jizuihoushudaoji，jiushizhezhongwutidezonggeshu。2、 biduoshaotongyangduo：dangliangzhongwutiyiyiduiyinghou，dumeiyoushengyushi，jiushuozheliangzhongwutideshuliangtongyangduo。biduoshao：dangliangzhongwutiyiyiduiyinghou，qizhongyizhongwutiyoushengyu，youshengyudenazhongwutiduo，meiyoushengyudenazhongwutishao。bijiaoliangzhongwutideduohuoshaoshi，keyiyongyiyiduiyingdefangfa。dierdanyuanweizhi1、 renshishang、xiatihuishang、xiadehanyi：conglianggewutideweizhilijie：shangshizhizaigaochudewuti，xiashizhizaidichudewuti。2、 renshiqian、houtihuiqian、houdehanyi：yibanzhimianduidefangxiangjiushiqian，beiduidefangxiangjiushihou。tongyiwuti，xiangduiyubutongdecanzhaowu，qianhouweizhiguanxiyehuifashengbianhua。congerdechu：quedinglianggeyishangwutideqianhouweizhiguanxishi，yaozhaozhuncanzhaowu，xuanzedecanzhaowubutong，xiangduideqianhouweizhiguanxiyehuifashengbianhua。3、 renshizuo、youyizijidezuoshou、youshousuozaideweizhiweibiaozhun，quedingzuobianheyoubian。youshousuozaideyibianweiyoubian，zuoshousuozaideyibianweizuobian。yaodiantishi：zaiquedingzuoyoushi，chuteshuyaoqiu，yibanyiguanchazhedezuoyouweizhun。disandanyuan1-5derenshihejiajianfayi、 1--5derenshi1、1—5geshudehanyi：meigeshudukeyibiaoshibutongwutideshuliang。youjigewutijiuyongjilaibiaoshi。2、1—5geshudeshuxucongqianwanghoushu：1、2、3、4、5.conghouwangqianshu：5、4、3、2、1.3、1—5geshudexiefa：genjumeigeshuzidexingzhuang，anshuzizaitianzigezhongdeweizhi，renzhen、gongzhengdijinxingshuxie。er、bidaxiao1、qianmiandeshudengyuhoumiandeshu，yong“=”biaoshi，ji3=3，duzuo3dengyu3。qianmiandeshudayuhoumiandeshu，yong“＞”biaoshi，ji3＞2，duzuo3dayu2。qianmiandeshuxiaoyuhoumiandeshu，yong“＜”biaoshi，ji3＜4，duzuo3xiaoyu4。2、tian“＞”huo“＜”shi，kaikouduidashu，jianjiaoduixiaoshu。san、diji1、quedingwutidepailieshunxushi，xianquedingshushudefangxiang，ranhoucong1kaishidianshu，shudaoji，tadeshunxujiushi“diji”。dijizhideshiqizhongdemouyige。2、qufen“jige”he“diji”“jige”biaoshiwutideduoshao，er“diji”zhibiaoshiqizhongdeyigewuti。si、fenyuheshudezucheng：yigeshu（1chuwai）fenchengjiheji，xianbazhegeshufencheng1heji，yicifendaojihe1weizhi。liru：5dezuchengyou1he4,2he3,3he2,4he1.bayigeshufenchengjihejishi，yaoyouxudijinxingfenjie，fangzhizhongfuhuoyilou。wu、jiafa1、jiafadehanyi：baliangbufenhezaiyiqi，qiuyigongyouduoshao，yongjiafajisuan。2、jiafadejisuanfangfa：jisuan5yineishudejiafa，keyicaiyongdianshu、jiezhuoshu、shudezuchengdengfangfa。qizhongyongshudezuchengjisuanshizuichangyongdefangfa。liu、jianfa1、jianfadehanyi：congzongshuliqudiao（jiandiao）yibufen，qiuhuanshengduoshaoyongjianfajisuan。2、jianfadejisuanfangfa：jisuanjianfashi，keyiyongdaozhuoshu、shudefencheng、xiangjiasuanjiandefangfalaijisuan。qi、01、0deyiyi：0biaoshiyigewutiyemeiyou，yebiaoshiqidian。2、0dedufa：0duzuo：ling3、0dexiefa：xie0shi，yaocongshangdaoxia，congzuodaoyou，qibichuheshoubichuyaoxianglian，bingqieyaoxieyuanhua，bunengyoulengjiao。4、0dejia、jianfa：renheshuyu0xiangjiadudezhegeshu，renheshuyu0xiangjiandudezhegeshu，xiangtongdelianggeshuxiangjiandengyu0.ru：0+8=8 9-0=9 4-4=0disidanyuanrenshituxing1、changfangtidetezheng：changchangfangfangde，you6gepingpingdemian，mianyoudayouxiao。rutu：2、zhengfangtidetezheng：sisifangfangde，you6gepingpingdemian，miandedaxiaoyiyang。rutu：3、yuanzhudetezheng：zhizhide，shangxiayiyangcu，shangxialianggeyuanmiandaxiaoyiyang。fangzaizhuozishangnenggundong。lizaizhuozishangbunenggundong。rutu：4、qiudetezheng：yuanyuande，henguanghua，tadebiaomianshiqumian。fangzaizhuozishangnengxiangrenyifangxianggundong。5、litituxingdepinbai：yongchangfangtihuozhengfangtinengpinzuchubutongxingzhuangdelitituxing，zaipinhaodelitituxingzhong，youyixiebuweicongyigejiaodushikanbudaode，yaocongduogejiaoduquguancha。yongxiaoyuanzhukeyipinchenggengdadeyuanzhu。diwudanyuan6-10derenshihejiajianfayi、6—10derenshi：1、shushu：genjuwutidegeshu，keyiyong6—10geshulaibiaoshi。shushushi，congqianwanghoushuyejiushicongxiaowangdashu。2、10yineishudeshunxu：（1）congqianwanghoushu：0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10。（2）conghouwangqianshu：10、9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2、1、0。3、bijiaodaxiao：anzhaoshudeshunxu，houmiandeshuzongshibiqianmiandeshuda。4、xushuhanyi：yonglaibiaoshiwutidecixu，jidijige。5、shudezucheng：yigeshu（0、1chuwai）keyiyoulianggebitaxiaodeshuzucheng。ru：10you9he1zucheng。jiyishudezuchengshi，keyouyizushuxiangdaodiaohuanweizhidelingyizu。er、6—10dejiajianfa1、10yineijiajianfadejisuanfangfa：genjushudezuchenglaijisuan。2、yitusishi：genjuyifutudesikaojiaodubutong，kexiechuliangdaojiafasuanshiheliangdaojianfasuanshi。3、“dakuohao”xiamianyouwenhaoshiqiubaliangbufenhezaiyiqi，yongjiafajisuan。“dakuohao ”shangmiandeyiceyouwenhaoshiqiucongzongshuzhongqudiaoyibufen，huanshengduoshao，yongjianfajisuan。san、lianjialianjian1、lianjiadejisuanfangfa：jisuanlianjiashi，ancongzuodaoyoudeshunxujinxing，xiansuanqianlianggeshudehe，zaiyudisangeshuxiangjia。2、lianjiandejisuanfangfa：jisuanlianjianshi，ancongzuodaoyoudeshunxujinxing，xiansuanqianlianggeshudecha，zaiyongsuodedeshujianqudisangeshu。si、jiajianhunhejiajianhunhedejisuanfangfa：jisuanshi，ancongzuodaoyoudeshunxujinxing，xianbaqianlianggeshuxiangjia（huoxiangjian），zaiyongdeshuyudisangeshuxiangjian（huoxiangjia）。diliudanyuan11-20geshuderenshi1、shushu：genjuwutidegeshu，keyiyong11—20geshulaibiaoshi。2、shudeshunxu：11—20geshudeshunxushi：11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、3、bijiaodaxiao：keyigenjushudeshunxubijiao，houmiandeshuzongbiqianmiandeshuda，huozheliyongshudezuchengjinxingbijiao。4、11—20geshudezucheng：dushiyou1geshihejigeyizuchengde，20you2geshizuchengde。ru：1geshihe5geyizucheng15。5、shuwei：congyoubianqidiyiweishigewei，dierweishishiwei。6、11—20geshudedufa：conggaoweiduqi，shiweishangshijijiudujishi，geweishangshijijiuduji。20dedufa，20duzuo：ershi。7、xieshu：xieshushi，duizhaoshuweixie，you1geshijiuzaishiweishangxie1，you2geshijiuzaishiweishangxie2.youjigeyi，jiuzaigeweishangxieji，geweishangyigedanweiyemeiyou，jiuxie0zhanwei。8、shijiaji、shijijiajiyuxiangyingdejianfa（1）、10jiajihexiangyingdejianfadejisuanfangfa：10jiajideshiji，shijijianjideshi，shijijianshideji。ru：10+5=15 17-7=10 18-10=8（2）、shijijiajihexiangyingdejianfadejisuanfangfa：jisuanshijijiajihexiangyingdejianfashi，keyiliyongshudezuchenglaijisuan，yekeyibageweishangdeshuxiangjiahuoxiangjian，zaijiazhengshishu。（3）、jiajianfadegebufenmingcheng：zaijiafasuanshizhong，jiahaoqianmianhehoumiandeshujiaojiashu，denghaohoumiandeshujiaohe。zaijianfasuanshizhong，jianhaoqianmiandeshujiaobeijianshu，jianhaohoumiandeshujiaojianshu，denghaohoumiandeshujiaocha。9、jiejuewentiqiulianggeshuzhijianyoujigeshu，keyiyongshushufa，yekeyiyonghuatufa。huankeyiyongjisuanfa（yongdashujianxiaoshuzaijian1defangfalaijisuan）。diqidanyuanrenshizhongbiao1、renshizhongmianzhongmian：zhongmianshangyou12geshu，youshizhenhefenzhen。fenzhen：zhongmianshangyouxiyouchangdezhizhenjiaofenzhen。shizhen：zhongmianshangyoucuyouduandezhizhenjiaoshizhen。2、zhongbiaodezhonglei：richangshenghuozhongdezhongbiaoyibanfenliangzhong，yizhong：guazhong，zhongmianshangyou12geshu，fenzhenheshizhen。lingyizhong：dianzibiao，biaomianshangyoulianggedian“：”，“：”dezuobianheyoubianduyoushu。3、renshizhengshi：fenzhenzhixiang12，shizhenzhixiangjijiushijishi；dianzibiaoshang，“：”deyoubianshi“00”shibiaoshizhengshi，“：”dezuobianshijijiushijishi。4、zhengshidexiefa：zhengshidexiefayouliangzhong：xiechengjishihuodianzibiaoshuzidexingshi。ru：8shihuo8:00dibadanyuan20yineidejinweijiafa1、9jiajijisuanfangfa：jisuan9jiajidejinweijiafa，keyicaiyong“dianshu”“jiezhuoshu”“coushifa”dengfangfajinxingjisuan，qizhong“coushifa”bijiaojianbian。liyong“coushifa”jisuan9jiajishi，ba9coucheng10xuyao1，jiubajiaoxiaoshuchaicheng1heji，10jiajijiudeshiji。2、8、7、6jiajidejisuanfangfa：（1）dianshu；（2）jiezhuoshu；（3）coushifa。keyi“chaidashu、couxiaoshu”，yekeyi“chaixiaoshu、coudashu”。3、5、4、3、2jiajidejisuanfangfa：（1）“chaidashu、couxiaoshu”。（2）“chaixiaoshu、coudashu”。4、jiejuewenti（1）jiejuewentishi，keyicongbutongdejiaoduguancha、fenxi、congerzhaodaobutongdejietifangfa。（2）qiuzongshudeshijiwenti，yongjiafajisuan。ernianjidiyidanyuanchangdudanwei1、changyongdechangdudanwei：mi、limi。2、celiangjiaoduanwutitongchangyonglimizuodanwei，celiangjiaochangwutitongchangyongmizuodanwei。3、celiangwutichangdudefangfa：jiangwutidezuoduanduizhunzhichide“0”kedu，kanwutideyouduanduizhuozhichishangdekedushiji，zhegewutidechangdujiushijilimi。4、mihelimideguanxi：1mi=100limi 100limi=1mi5、xianduan⑴xianduandetedian：①xianduanshizhide;②xianduanyoulianggeduandian；③xianduanyouchangyouduan，shikeyiliangchuchangdude。⑵huaxianduandefangfa：xianyongbiduizhunchizide’0”kedu，zaitadeshangmiandianyigedian，zaiduizhunyaohuadaodechangdudelimikedu，zaitadeshangmianyedianyigedian，ranhoubazhelianggedianlianqilai,xiechuxianduandechangdu。⑶celiangwutidechangdushi，dangbushicong“0”keduliangqishi，yaoyongzhongdiandekedushujianquqidiandekedushu。6、tianshangheshidechangdudanwei。xiaomingshengao1（mi）30（limi）lianxibenkuan13（limi）qianbichang17（limi）heibanchang2（mi） tudingchang1（limi）yizhangchuangchang2（mi） yikoujingshen3（mi）xuexiaojinxing100（mi）saipaojiaoxuelougao25（mi） baobaoshengao80（limi）tiaoshengchang2（mi） yikeshugao3（mi）yibayuechichang5（limi）yigewenjuhechang24（limi）jiangtaigao90（limi）mengao2（mi） jiaoshichang12（mi）kuaizichang20（limi） yikexiaoshumiaogao1（mi）xiaopengyoudetouwei48limibabadeshengao1mi75limihuo175limixiaopengyoudeshengao120limihuo1mi20limidierdanyuan100yineidejiafahejianfayi、liangweishujialiangweishu1、liangweishujialiangweishubujinweijiafadejisuanfaze：baxiangtongshuweiduiqilieshushi，zaibaxiangtongshuweishangdeshuxiangjia。2、liangweishujialiangweishujinweijiafadejisuanfaze：①xiangtongshuweiduiqi；②conggeweijiaqi；③geweimanshixiangshiweijin1。3、bisuanliangweishujialiangweishushi，xiangtongshuweiyaoduiqi，conggeweijiaqi，geweimanshiyaoxiangshiweijin“1”，shiweishangdeshuxiangjiashi，buyaoyiloujinshanglaide“1”。4、he = jiashu ＋ jiashuyigejiashu = he － lingyigejiashuer、liangweishujianliangweishu1、liangweishujianliangweishubutuiweijiandebisuan：xiangtongshuweiduiqilieshushi，zaibaxiangtongshuweishangdeshuxiangjian。2、liangweishujianliangweishutuiweijiandebisuanfaze：①xiangtongshuweiduiqi；②conggeweijianqi；③geweibugoujian，congshiweitui1，zaigeweishangjia10zaijian。3、bisuanliangweishujianliangweishushi，xiangtongshuweiyaoduiqi，conggeweijianqi，geweibugoujian，congshiweitui1，geweijia10zaijian，shiweijisuanshiyaoxianjianqutuizoude1zaisuan。4、cha=beijianshu－jianshubeijianshu=jianshu + chajianshu=beijianshu－chasan、lianjia、lianjianhejiajianhunhe1、lianjia、lianjianlianjia、lianjiandebisuanshunxuhelianjia、lianjiandekousuanshunxuyiyang，dushicongzuowangyouyicijisuan。①lianjiajisuankeyifenbujisuan，yekeyixiechengyigeshushijisuan，jisuanfangfayulianggeshuxiangjiayiyang，duyaobaxiangtongshuweiduiqi，conggeweijiaqi。②lianjianyunsuankeyifenbujisuan，yekeyixiechengyigeshushijisuan，jisuanfangfayulianggeshuxiangjianyiyang，duyaobaxiangtongshuweiduiqi，conggeweijianqi。2、jiajianhunhejia、jianhunhesuanshi，qiyunsuanshunxu、shushixiefaduyulianjia、lianjianxiangtong。3、jiajianhunheyunsuanxieshushishikeyifenbujisuan，fangfayulianggeshuxiangjia（jian）yiyang，yaobaxiangtongshuweiduiqi，conggeweisuanqi；yekeyiyongjianbiandexiefa，liechengyigeshushi，xianwanchengdiyibujisuan，zaiyongdiyibudejieguojia（jian）diergeshu。si、jiejuewenti（yingyongti）1、 buzhou：①xianduti ②liehengshi，xiejieguo，qianwanbiewangjixiedanwei（danweiwei：duoshaohuozhejihoumiandenagezihuoci）③zuoda。2、qiu“yigeyizhishu”bi“lingyigeyizhishu”duoduoshao、shaoduoshao？yongjianfajisuan。yong“bi”ziliangbiandejiaodashujianqujiaoxiaoshu。3、biyigeshuduoji、shaoji，qiuzhegeshudewenti。xiantongguoguanjianjufenxi，“bi”ziqianmianshidashuhuanshixiaoshu，“bi”zihoumianshidashuhuanshixiaoshu，wentilimianyaoqiudashuhuanshixiaoshu，qiudashuyongjiafa，qiuxiaoshuyongjianfa。4、guanyutiwentidetimu，keyizheyangtiwen：①…….he……yigong…….？②……bi……..duoduoshao／ji……？③……bi……..shaoduoshao／ji……？disandanyuanjiaodechuburenshi1、jiaodechuburenshi（1）jiaoshiyouyigedingdianheliangtiaobianzuchengde；（2）huajiaodefangfa：congyigedianqi，yongchizixiangbutongdefangxianghualiangtiaozhixian。（3）jiaodedaxiaoyubiandechangduanmeiyouguanxi，yujiaodeliangtiaobianzhangkaidedaxiaoyouguan，jiaodeliangtiaobianzhangkaideyueda，jiaojiuyueda，jiaodeliangtiaobianzhangkaideyuexiao，jiaojiuyuexiao。2、zhijiaodechuburenshi（1）zhijiaodepanduanfangfa：yongsanjiaochishangdezhijiaobiyibi（dingdianduidingdian，yibianduiyibian，zaikanlingyitiaobianshifouzhonghe）。（2）huazhijiaodefangfa：①xianhuayigedingdian，zaicongzhegedianchufahuayitiaozhixian②yongsanjiaochishangdezhijiaodingdianduiqizhegedian，yitiaozhijiaobianduiqizhetiaoxian③zaicongzhedianchufayanzhuosanjiaochishangdelingyitiaozhijiaobianhuayitiaoxian④zuihoubiaochuzhijiaobiaozhi。（3）bizhijiaoxiaodeshiruijiao，bizhijiaodadeshidunjiao：ruijiao＜zhijiao＜dunjiao。（4）suoyoudezhijiaoduyiyangda（5）meigesanjiaochishangduyou1gezhijiao，lianggeruijiao。honglingjinshangyou3gejiao，qizhongyigeshidunjiao，lianggeshiruijiao。yigechangfangxingzhonghezhengfangxingzhongdushiyou4gezhijiao。disi、liudanyuanbiaoneichengfa（yi）（er）1、chengfadehanyichengfashiqiujigexiangtongjiashulianjiadehedejianbiansuanfa。ru：jisuan：2+2+2=6，yongchengfasuanjiushi：2×3=6huo3×2=6.2、chengfasuanshidexiefahedufa⑴lianjiasuanshigaixieweichengfasuanshidefangfa。qiujigexiangtongjiashudehe，keyiyongchengfajisuan。xiechengfasuanshishi，keyiyongchengfajisuan。xiechengfasuanshishi，keyixianxiexiangtongdejiashu，ranhouxiechenghao，zaixiexiangtongjiashudegeshu，zuihouxiedenghaoyulianjiadehe；yekeyixianxiexiangtongjiashudegeshu，ranhouxiechenghao，zaixiexiangtongjiashu，zuihouxiedenghaoyulianjiadehe。ru：4+4+4=12gaixiechengchengfasuanshishi4×3=12huo3×4=124 × 3 = 12 huo 3 × 4 = 12⑵chengfasuanshidedufa。duchengfasuanshishi，yaoanzhaosuanshishunxulaidu。ru：6×3=18duzuo：“6cheng3dengyu18”。3、chengfasuanshizhonggebufendemingchengjishijibiaoshideyiyizaichengfasuanshili，chenghaoqianmiandeshuhechenghaohoumiandeshudujiaozuo“chengshu”；denghaohoumiandedeshujiaozuo“ji”。4、chengfasuanshisuobiaoshideyiyiqiujigexiangtongjiashudehe，yongchengfajisuanbijiaojiandan。yidaochengfasuanshibiaoshidejiushijigexiangtongjiashulianjiadehe。ru：4×5biaoshi5ge4xiangjiahuo4ge5xiangjia。5、jiafaxiechengchengfashi，jiafadeheyuchengfadejixiangtong。6、chengfasuanshizhong，lianggechengshujiaohuanweizhi，jibubian。7、suanshigebufenmingchengjijisuangongshi。chengfa：chengshu×chengshu=jijiafa：jiashu+jiashu=hehe—jiashu=jiashujianfa：beijianshu—jianshu=chabeijianshu=cha+jianshujianshu=beijianshu—cha8、zai9dechengfakoujueli，jicheng9huo9chengji，dukekanzuojishijianji，qizhong“ji”shizhixiangtongdeshu。ru：1×9=10—1 9×5=50—59、kantu，xiechengjia、chengjiansuanshishi：chengjia：xianbaxiangtongdebufenyongchengfabiaoshi，zaijiashangbuxiangtongdebufen。chengjian：xianbameiyifendusuanchengxiangtongde，xiechengchengfa，ranhouzaibaduosuanjinqudejianqu。jisuanshi，xiansuancheng，zaisuanjiajian。ru：jiafa：3+3+3+3+2=14 chengjia：3×4+2=14 chengjian：3×5-1=1410、“jihejixiangjia”yu“jigejixiangjia”youqubieqiujihejixiangjia，yongjijiaji；ru：qiu4he3xiangjiashiduoshao？yongjiafa（4+3=7）qiujigejixiangjia，yongjichengji。ru：qiu4ge3xiangjiashiduoshao？（3+3+3+3=12huo3×4=12huo4×3=12）buchong：jihejixiangcheng，qiuji？yongji×ji. ru：2he4xiangchengyong2×4=82gechengshudushiji，qiuji？yongji×ji。ru：2ge8xiangchengyong8×8=6411、yigechengfasuanshikeyibiaoshilianggeyiyi，ru“4×2”jikeyibiaoshi“4ge2xiangjia”，yekeyibiaoshi“2ge4xiangjia”。“5+5+5”xiechengchengfasuanshishi（3×5=15）huo（5×3=15），dukeyiyongkoujue（sanwushiwu）laijisuan，biaoshi（3）ge（5）xiangjia3×5=15duzuo：3cheng5dengyu15. 5×3=15duzuo：5cheng3dengyu15diwudanyuanguanchawuti1、congbutongdejiaoduguanchatongyiwuti，suokandaodewutidexingzhuangyibanshibutongde；2、guanchawutishi，yaozhuazhuwutidetezhenglaipanduan。3、guanchachangfangtidemouyimian，kandaodekenengshichangfangxinghuozhengfangxing。guanchazhengfangxingdemouyimian，kandaodedushizhengfangxing5、guanchayuanzhuti，kandaodekenengshichangfangxinghuoyuanxing。guanchaqiuti，kandaodedushiyuanxingdiqidanyuanrenshishijian1、renshishijian（1）zhongmianshangyoushizhenhefenzhen，zoudekuaide，jiaochangdeshifenzhen；zoudemande，jiaoduandeshishizhen；（2）zhongmianshangyou12gedage，60gexiaoge，1gedageyou5gexiaoge。shizhenzou1dageshi1xiaoshi，fenzhenzou1dageshi5fenzhong。（3）shizhenzou1dagefenzhenyaozouyiquan，suoyi1shi=60fen；（4）banxiaoshi=30fen，yikezhong=15fenzhong（5）shijiandeduyuxie：ru3：30，keyiduzuo3shi30fen，yekeyiduzuo3dianban；8shiling5fenyingxiezuo8:05。2、yunyongzhishijiejuewenti（1）yaoanzhuoshijiandexianhoushunxuanpaishijian，shijianshangbunengzhongfu。（2）wenguojifenzhonghoushijishi，xianyaoduchuxianzaishijishi，zaituisuanguojifenzhonghoushijishijifen。（3）shizhenhefenzhennengxingchengzhijiaodeshikeshi3shihe9shi。dibadanyuanshuxueguangjiao--dapei1、yonglianggebutongdeshuzi（0chuwai）zuheshikeyijiaohuanlianggeshuzideweizhi；yongsangebutongdeshuzizuhechengliangweishushi，keyirangmeigeshuzi（0chuwai）zuoshiweishuzi，qiyudelianggeshuziyicihetazuhe。2、jieyonglianxianhuozhefuhaojiedawentibijiaojiandan。3、pailieyushunxuyouguan，zuheyushunxuwuguan。sannianjidiyidanyuanshifenmiao1、zhongmianshangyou3genzhen，tamenshi（shizhen）、（fenzhen）、（miaozhen），qizhongzoudezuikuaideshi（miaozhen），zoudezuimandeshi（shizhen）。2、zhongmianshangyou(12)geshuzi，(12)gedage，(60)gexiaoge；meilianggeshujianshi(1)gedage，yejiushi(5)gexiaoge。3、shizhenzou1dageshi(1)xiaoshi；fenzhenzou1dageshi(5)fenzhong，zou1xiaogeshi( 1)fenzhong；miaozhenzou1dageshi(5)miaozhong，zou1xiaogeshi(1)miaozhong。4、shizhenzou1dage，fenzhenzhenghaozou(1)quan，fenzhenzou1quanshi(60)fen，yejiushi(1)xiaoshi。shizhenzou1quan，fenzhenyaozou(12)quan。5、fenzhenzou1xiaoge，miaozhenzhenghaozou(1)quan，miaozhenzou1quanshi(60)miao，yejiushi(1)fenzhong。6、shizhencongyigeshuzoudaoxiayigeshushi(1xiaoshi)。fenzhencongyigeshuzoudaoxiayigeshushi(5fenzhong)。miaozhencongyigeshuzoudaoxiayigeshushi(5miaozhong)。7、zhongmianshangshizhenhefenzhenzhenghaochengzhijiaodeshijianyou：（3dianzheng）、（9dianzheng）。8、gongshi。（meilianggexianglindeshijiandanweizhijiandejinlvshi60）1shi=60fen 1fen=60miaobanshi=30fen 60fen=1shi60miao=1fen 30fen=banshidier、sidanyuanwanyineidejiafahejianfa（yi）（er）1、zuidadejiweishuhezuixiaodejiweishuzuidadeyiweishushi9， zuixiaodeyiweishushi0.zuidadeerweishushi99， zuixiaodeerweishushi10zuidadesanweishushi999， zuixiaodesanweishushi100zuidadesiweishushi9999， zuixiaodesiweishushi1000zuidadewuweishushi99999， zuixiaodewuweishushi10000zuidadesanweishubizuixiaodesiweishuxiao1。2、dushuhexieshu （dushushixiehanzi xieshushixiealaboshuzi）①yigeshudemoweibuguanyouyige0huojige0，zhege0dubudu。②yigeshudezhongjianyouyige0huolianxudeliangge0，duzhiduyige0。3、shudedaxiaobijiao：①weishubutongdeshubijiaodaxiao，weishuduodeshuda。②weishuxiangtongdeshubijiaodaxiao，xianbijiaozhelianggeshudezuigaoweishangdeshu，ruguozuigaoweishangdeshuxiangtong，jiubijiaoxiayiwei，yicileitui。4、qiuyigeshudejinsishu：jiyi：kanzuiweidehoumianyiwei，ruguoshi0-4zeyongsishefa，ruguoshi5-9jiuyongwurufa。zuidadesanweishushiwei999，zuixiaodesanweishushi100，zuidadesiweishushi9999，zuixiaodesiweishushi1000。zuidadesanweishubizuixiaodesiweishuxiao1。5、beijianshushisanweishudelianxutuiweijianfadeyunsuanbuzhou：① lieshushishixiangtongshuweiyidingyaoduiqi；② jianfashi，nayiweishangdeshubugoujian，congqianyiweitui1；ruguoqianyiweishi0，zezaicongqianyiweitui1。6、zaizuotishi，womenyaozhuyizhongjiande0，yinweishilianxutuiweide，suoyicongbaiweitui1daoshiweidang10hou，huanyaocongshiweitui1dang10，jiegeigewei，nameshiweizhishengxia9，erbushi10。（lianggesanweishuxiangjiadehe:kenengshisanweishu，yeyoukenengshisiweishu。）7、bisuanjiajianfashi：xiangtongshuweiyaoduiqi；conggeweisuanqi。nayiweishangdeshuxiangjiaman10，jiuxiangqianyiweijin1；nayiweishangdeshubugoujian，jiucongqianyiweitui1dangzuo10，jiabenweizaijian；ruguoqianyiweishi0，zezaicongqianyiweitui1。 （lianggesanweishuxiangjiadehe:kenengshisanweishu，yeyoukenengshisiweishu。）tebiezhuyi：zhongjianshi0detuiweijianfa，liru：309-189；1000-428deng8、⑴jiafagongshi：jiashu+lingyigejiashu=hejiafadeyansuan：①jiaohuanlianggejiashudeweizhizaisuanyibian。lingyigejiashu+jiashu=he②he-lingyigejiashu=jiashu⑵jianfagongshi：beijianshu-jianshu=chajianfadeyansuan:①cha+jianshu=beijianshu②jianshu+cha=beijianshu③beijianshu-cha=jianshutebiezhuyi：yansuanshi“yansuan”biewangliaoxie！！！disandanyuanceliang1、zaishenghuozhong，liangbijiaoduandewupin，keyiyong（haomi、limi、fenmi）zuodanwei；liangbijiaochangdewuti，changyong（mi）zuodanwei；celiangbijiaochangdeluchengyibanyong（qianmi）zuodanwei，qianmiyejiao（gongli）。2、1limidechangduliyou（10）xiaoge，meixiaogedechangdu（xiangdeng），dushi（1）haomi。3、1mei1fendeyingbi、chizi、cika、xiaoniukou、yuechidehoududayueshi1haomi。4、zaijisuanchangdushi，zhiyouxiangtongdechangdudanweicainengxiangjiajian。xiaojiqiao：huansuanchangdudanweishi，badadanweihuanchengxiaodanweijiuzaishuzidemoweitianjia0（guanxishizhongyoujige0，jiutianjige0）；baxiaodanweihuanchengdadanweijiuzaishuzidemoweiqudiao0（guanxishizhongyoujige0，jiuqudiaojige0）。5、changdudanweideguanxishiyou：（ meilianggexianglindechangdudanweizhijiandejinlvshi10 ）① jinlvshi10：1mi=10fenmi, 1fenmi=10limi,1limi=10haomi, 10fenmi=1mi,10limi=1fenmi, 10haomi=1limi,② jinlvshi100：1mi=100limi, 1fenmi=100haomi,100limi=1mi, 100haomi=1fenmi③ jinlvshi1000：1qianmi=1000mi, 1gongli==1000mi,1000mi=1qianmi, 1000mi =1gongli6、dangwomenbiaoshiwutiyouduozhongshi，tongchangyaoyongdao（zhiliangdanwei）。zaishenghuozhong，chengbijiaoqingdewupindezhiliang，keyiyong（ ke ）zuodanwei；chengyibanwupindezhiliang，changyong（qianke ）zuodanwei；jiliangjiaozhongdehuodazongwupindezhiliang，tongchangyong（ dun ）zuodanwei。xiaojiqiao：zai“dun”yu“qianke”dehuansuanzhong，badunhuansuanchengqianke，shizaishuzidemoweijiashang3ge0；baqiankehuansuanchengdun，shizaishuzidemoweiqudiao3ge0。7、xianglinlianggezhiliangdanweijinlvshi1000。1dun=1000qianke 1qianke＝1000ke1000qianke= 1dun 1000ke＝1qiankediwudanyuanbeiderenshi1、beideyiyi：yaozhidaolianggeshudeguanxi，xianquedingshuishi1beishu，ranhoubalingyigeshuhetazuobijiao，lingyigeshuliyoujige1beishujiushitadejibei。2、qiuyigeshushilingyigeshudejibeiyongchufa： yigeshu÷lingyigeshu=beishu3、qiuyigeshudejibeishiduoshaoyongchengfa; zhegeshu×beishu=zhegeshudejibeidiliudanyuanduoweishuchengyiweishu1、duoweishuchengyiweishu（jinwei）debisuanfangfa：xiangtongshuweiduiqi，conggeweichengqi，yongyiweishufenbiequchengduoweishumeiyiweishangdeshu，nayiweishangchengdedeshujimanjishi，jiuxiangqianyiweijinji，yunayiweixiangcheng，jijiuxiezainayiweixiamian。2、yigeyinshuzhongjianyou0dechengfa：① 0herenheshuxiangchengdude0；② yinshuzhongjianyou0，yongyiweishuquchengduoweishumeiyiweishushangdeshu，yuzhongjiande0xiangchengshi，ruguohoumianmeiyoujinshanglaideshu，zheyiweishangyaoyong0laizhanwei，ruguoyoujinshanglaideshubixujiashang。③yigeyinshumoweiyou0dechengfadejianbianjisuan：bisuanshi，keyibayiweishuyuduoweishu0qianmiannageshuziduiqi，zaikanduoweishudemoweiyoujige0，jiuzaijidemoweitianshangjige0.3、① 0herenheshuxiangchengdude0；② 1herenhebushi0deshuxiangchenghuandeyuanlaideshu。4、sanweishuchengyiweishu：jiyoukenengshisanweishu，yeyoukenengshisiweishu。gongshi：sudu×shijian=luchengmeijiechexiangderenshu×chexiangdeshuliang=quanchederenshulucheng÷shijian=sudulucheng÷sudu=shijian5、（guanyu“dayue）yingyongti：wentizhongchuxian“dayue”、“yue”、“guyigu”、 “gusuan”、 “gujiyixia”，tiaojianzhongwulunyoumeiyoudayuedushiqiujinsishu，yonggusuan。（gusuanshiyaoyong ≈）li：387×5≈ba387kanzuo390（geweishi7，sishewuru，7dayu5suoyijin1，kanzuo390）zaisuan390×5=1950.suoyi：387×5≈1950diqidanyuanchangfangxinghezhengfangxing1、you4tiaozhidebianhe4gejiaodefengbituxingwomenjiaotasibianxing。2、sibianxingdetedian：yousitiaozhidebian，yousigejiao。3、changfangxingdetedian：changfangxingyouliangtiaochang,liangtiaokuan，sigejiaodushizhijiao，duibianxiangdeng。4、zhengfangxingdetedian：you4gezhijiao，4tiaobianxiangdeng。5、changfangxinghezhengfangxingshiteshudepingxingsibianxing。6、pingxingsibianxingdetedian：①duibianxiangdeng、duijiaoxiangdeng。②pingxingsibianxingrongyibianxing。（sanjiaoxingburongyibianxing）7、fengbituxingyizhoudechangdu，jiushitadezhouchang。8、gongshi：changfangxingdezhouchang=（chang+kuan）×2bianshi：①changfangxingdechang=zhouchang÷2－kuan②changfangxingdekuan=zhouchang÷2－changzhengfangxingdezhouchang=bianchang×4bianshi： zhengfangxingdebianchang=zhouchang÷4dibadanyuanfenshudechuburenshi1、fenshudeyiyi：bayigezhengtipingjunfenchengruoganfen，biaoshijifenjiushizhegezhengtidejifenzhiji，suofendefenshuzuofenmu，suoqudefenshuzuofenzi。fenzibiaoshi：qizhongdejifenfenmubiaoshi：pingjunfenchengjifen2、jifenzhiyi：bayigewutihuoyigetuxingpingjunfenchengjifen，meiyifenjiushitadejifenzhiyi。jifenzhiji：bayigewutihuoyigetuxingpingjunfenchengjifen，quqizhongdejifen，jiushizhegewutihuotuxingdejifenzhiji。3、bayigezhengtipingjunfendedefenshuyueduo，tademeiyifensuobiaoshideshujiuyuexiao。4，bijiaodaxiaodefangfa：①dangfenzixiangtongshi，fenmuyuexiaofenshuyueda，fenmuyuedafenshuyuexiao。② dangfenmuxiangtongshi，fenzidadefenshujiuda，fenzixiaodefenshujiuxiao。5、fenshujiajianfa：①xiangtongfenmudefenshujia、jianfadejisuanfangfa：fenmububian，fenzixiangjia、jian。② 1jianjifenzhijidejisuanfangfa：jisuan1jianjifenzhijishi，xianba1xiechengyujianshufenmuxiangtongdefenshu，zaijisuan。（1keyikanzuosuoyoufenzifenmuxiangtongdefenshu）6，qiuyigeshushilingyigeshudejifenzhijishiduoshaodejisuanfangfa：li：ba12geyuande3/4yougeyuan；fenxi：xianzhaozhengti12；zaizhaofenmu4，biaoshipingjunfencheng4fen；qiuchu12÷4=3，biaoshimeiyifenyou3ge；zuihouzhaofenzi3，biaoshiqizhongde3fen，suoyi：3×3=9；suoyiba12geyuande3/4you9geyuan。sinianjidiyidanyuandashuderenshi1. 10geyiwanshishiwan，10geshiwanshiyibaiwan，10geyibaiwanshiyiqianwan，10geyiqianwanshiyiyi。xianglinlianggejishudanweizhijiandejinlvshi“shi” ，zhezhongjishufangfajiaozuoshijinzhijishufa。tebiezhuyi：jishudanweiyushuweidequbie。2、zaiyongshuzibiaoshishudeshihou，zhexiejishudanweiyaoanzhaoyidingdeshunxupailieqilai，tamensuozhandeweizhijiaozuoshuwei。3、weishu：yigeshuhanyoujigeshuwei，jiushijiweishu，ru652100shigeliuweishu。4、anzhaowoguodejishuxiguan，congyoubianqi，meisigeshuweishiyiji。6、yiyishangshudedufa：① xianfenji，conggaoweikaishiduqi。xianduyiji，zaiduwanji，zuihoudugeji。② yijideshuyaoanzhaogejideshudedufalaidu，zaizaihoumianjiashangyige“yi”zi。wanjideshuyaoanzhaogejideshudedufalaidu，zaizaihoumianjiashangyige“wan”zi。③ meijimoweibuguanyoujige0，dubudu。qitashuweiyouyige“0”huolianxujige“0”，duzhiduyige“0”。7、yiyishangshudexiefa：① congzuigaoweixieqi，xianxieyiji，zaixiewanji，zuihouxiegeji。② nageshuweishangyigedanweiyemeiyou，jiuzainageshuweishangxie0。8、bijiaoshudedaxiao：① weishubutongdelianggeshu，weishuduodeshubijiaoda。② weishuxiangtongdelianggeshu，congzuigaoweikaishibijiao。9、qiujinsishu：shengluewanweihoumiandeweishu，yaokanqianweishangdeshu；shenglueyiweihoumiandeweishu，yaokanqianwanweishangdeshu。zhezhongqiujinsishudefangfajiao“sishewurufa”，shi“she”huanshi“ru”，yaokanshengluedeweishuzuigaoweishangdeshushixiaoyu5 huanshidengyuhuodayu5 。xiaoyu5jiushequweishu，dengyuhuodayu5jiuxiangqianyiweijin1，zaishequweishu。10、biaoshiwutigeshu：1，2 ，3， 4， 5 ，6 ，7 ，8 ，9 ，10， ……. dushiziranshu。yigewutiyemeiyou，yong0laibiaoshi， 0yeshiziranshu。suoyoudeziranshudushizhengshu。11、zuixiaodeziranshushi0，meiyouzuidadeziranshu，ziranshudegeshushiwuxiande。12、meixianglindelianggejishudanweizhijiandejinlvdushishi，zhezhongjishufangfajiaozuoshijinzhijishufa。13、ON╱CE：kaiguanjiqingchupingjian，qingchuxianshipingshangdeneirong。AC:qingchujian，qingchusuoyouneirong。dierdanyuangongqinghepingfangqianmi1、bianchangshi100midezhengfangxingmianjishi1gongqing。1gongqing = 10000pingfangmi2、bianchangshi1qianmidezhengfangxingmianjishi1pingfangqianmi。1pingfangqianmi = 1000000pingfangmi1pingfangqianmi=100gongqing3、congdadanweibiandaoxiaodanwei，chengyijinlv。congxiaodanweibiandaodadanwei，chuyijinlv。4、guotumianji（zhongguo、sheng、shi、qudeng）、haiyangmianjidengtebiedademianjishiheyongpingfangqianmi。ru：xianggangtebiexingzhengqudemianjiyue1100。guangchang、xiaoyuandengshaodatudimianjishiheyonggongqing。rutiananmenguangchangdezhandimianjidayueshi44;caochang、jiaoshidengjiaoxiaodemianjishiheyongpingfangmi。ruyigejiaoshidemianjiyue60；5、changfangxingmianji = chang × kuanzhengfangxingmianji = bianchang × bianchangdisandanyuanjiaodeduliang1、zhixian、shexian、xianduanzhixian：keyixiangliangduanwuxianyanshen，meiyouduandian。shexian：keyixiangyiduanwuxianyanshen，zhiyouyigeduandian。xianduan：bunengyanshen，youlianggeduandian，xianduanshizhixiandeyibufen。2、zhixian、shexianyuxianduanyoushimelianxihequbie？①、zhixianheshexiandukeyiwuxianyanshen，yinciwufaliangchuchangduan。②、xianduankeyiliangchuchangdu。③、xianduanyoulianggeduandian，zhixianmeiyouduandian，shexianzhiyouyigeduandian。mingchengxingzhuangduandianyanshenxianduanzhide2bunengshexianzhide1yiduanzhixianzhide0liangduan3、congyidianyinchuliangtiaoshexiansuozuchengdetuxingjiaozuojiao。4、jiaodejiliangdanweishi“du”，yongfuhao“ °”biaoshi。jiangyuanpingjunfencheng360 fen，meiyifensuoduidejiaodedaxiaoshil du，jizuo1°。5、jiaodedaxiaoyujiaoliangbiandechangduanmeiguanxi。jiaodedaxiaoyuchakaidedaxiaoyouguanxi，chakaideyueda，jiaoyueda。6、duliangjiaodegongjujiaoliangjiaoqi。7、liangjiaodebuzhou：①baliangjiaoqidezhongxinyujiaodedingdianzhonghe，0°keduxianyujiaodeyitiaobianzhonghe。②jiaodelingyitiaobiansuoduideliangjiaoqishangdekedu，jiushizhegejiaodedushu。8、jiaokeyikanzuoyouyitiaoshexianraozhuotadeduandian，congyigeweizhixuanzhuandaolingyigeweizhisuochengdetuxing。9、yitiaoshexianraotadeduandianxuanzhuanbanzhou，xingchengdejiaojiaozuopingjiao。1pingjiao=180°10、yitiaoshexianraotadeduandianxuanzhuanyizhou，xingchengdejiaojiaozuozhoujiao。1zhoujiao=360°1zhoujiao=2pingjiao=4zhijiao 1zhijiao=90°11、xiaoyu90dudejiaojiaozuoruijiao，dayu90duerxiaoyu180dudejiaojiaozuodunjiao。ruijiao＜zhijiao＜dunjiao＜pingjiao＜zhoujiao12、huajiaodebuzhou：（1）huayitiaoshexian，shiliangjiaoqidezhongxinheshexiandeduandianzhonghe，0°keduxianheshexianzhonghe。（2）zailiangjiaoqishangzhaodaoyaohuadejiaodedushu（ru65°）dedifang，bingdianyigedian。（3）yihuachudeshexiandeduandianweiduandian，tongguoganghuadedianzaihuayitiaoshexian。13、jingguoyidiankeyihuawushutiaozhixian；jingguolianggedian，zhinenghuayitiaozhixian。14、yongsanjiaobankeyihuadejiao：180°165°150°135°120°105°90°75°60°45°30°15°disidanyuansanweishuchengliangweishu1、sanweishuchengliangweishudebisuanfangfa：xianyongliangweishugeweishangdeshuquchengsanweishu，jidemoweiheliangweishudegeweiduiqi；zaiyongliangweishushiweishangdeshuquchengsanweishu，jidemoweiheliangweishudeshiweiduiqi；zuihoubaliangcichengdedejijiaqilai。1、jidebianhuaguilv：yigeyinshububian，lingyigeyinshucheng（huochuyi）ji（0chuwai），jiyecheng（huochuyi）ji。3、meijianshangpindejiaqian，jiaozuodanjia；mailiaoduoshao，jiaozuoshuliang；yigongyongdejiaqian，jiaozuozongjia。danjia ×shuliang = zongjiadanjia＝zongjia ÷ shuliangshuliang=zongjia ÷ danjia4、yigongxingliaoduochangdelu，jiaozuolucheng；meixiaoshi（huomeifenzhongdeng）xingdelucheng，jiaozuosudu；xingliaojixiaoshi（huojifenzhongdeng），jiaozuoshijian。sudu ×shijian= luchengsudu＝lucheng ÷ shijianshijian＝lucheng ÷ sudu5、sududanweitongchangyou：qianmi/shi、mi/fen、mi/miaodeng。diwudanyuanpingxingsibianxinghetixing1、zaitongyigepingmianneibuxiangjiaodeliangtiaozhixianjiaozuopingxingxian，yekeyishuozheliangtiaozhixianhuxiangpingxing。jizuo：a∥b duzuo：apingxingyub2、liangtiaozhixianxiangjiaochengzhijiao，jiushuozheliangtiaozhixianhuxiangchuizhi，qizhongyitiaozhixianjiaozuolingyitiaozhixiandechuixian，zheliangtiaozhixiandejiaodianjiaozuochuizu。jizuo：a⊥b duzuo：achuizhiyub3、congzhixianwaiyidiandaozhetiaozhixiansuohuadechuizhixianduanzuiduan，tadechangdujiaozuozhediandaozhixiandejuli。4、yuliangtiaopingxingxianhuxiangchuizhidexianduanchangduduxiangdeng。huozheshuo：liangtiaopingxingxianzhijiandejulichuchuxiangdeng。jingguozhixianshangyidian（huowaiyidian）zuochuixian，keyihuayitiao。5、tongyipingmiannei，yutongyitiaozhixianpingxing（huochuizhi）deliangtiaozhixianyehuxiangpingxing。6、congpingxingsibianxingyitiaobianshangdeyidianxiangduibianyinyitiaochuixian，zhedianhechuizuzhijiandexianduanjiaozuopingxingsibianxingdegao，chuizusuozaidebianjiaozuopingxingsibianxingdedi。7、yigechangfangxing，yongliangshouniezhuchangfangxingdelianggeduijiao，xiangxiangfanfangxiangla，keyilachengbutongxingzhuangdepingxingsibianxing，danshizhouchangbubian。8、pingxingsibianxingdetedian：rongyibianxing。liru：shensuomen、shengjiangji9、pingxingsibianxinghetixingyouwushutiaogao。10、liangyaoxiangdengdetixingjiaozuodengyaotixing。 tedian：liangyaoxiangdeng，liangdijiaoxiangdeng。11、youyigejiaoshizhijiaodetixingjiaozuozhijiaotixing。 tedian：youyitiaoyaojiushitixingdegao。12、congtixingshangdirenquyigedian，xiangxiadiyinyitiaochuixian，zhegedianhechuizuzhijiandexianduanjiaozuotixingdegao。13、lianggewanquanyiyangdesanjiaoxingkeyipinchengyigepingxingsibianxing。lianggewanquanyiyangdetixingkeyipinchengyigepingxingsibianxing。lianggewanquanyiyangdezhijiaotixingkeyipinchengyigechangfangxinghuopingxingsibianxing。14、changfangxingshiteshudepingxingsibianxing，zhengfangxingshiteshudepingxingsibianxing。zhengfangxingshiteshudechangfangxing。15、sanjiaoxingsangeneijiaodeheshi180°，sibianxingsigeneijiaodeheshi360°。16、sibianxingxiaojie：liangzuduibianfenbiepingxingdesibianxingjiaozuopingxingsibianxing；zhiyouyizuduibianpingxingdesibianxingjiaotixing。liangyaoxiangdengdetixingjiaozuodengyaotixing。youyigejiaoshizhijiaodetixingjiaozuozhijiaotixing。sigejiaodushizhijiaodesibianxingjiaochangfangxing。sigejiaodushizhijiao，bingqiesitiaobianduxiangdengdesibianxingjiaozhengfangxing。diliudanyuanchushushiliangweishudechufa1、qu0fa：beichushuhechushudemoweitongshiqudiaoxiangtonggeshude0，shangbubian。2、chushushiliangweishudechufadejisuanfangfa：?congbeichushudegaoweichuqi，xianyongchushushichubeichushudeqianliangweishu，ruguotabichushuxiao，zaishichuqiansanweishu。?chudaobeichushudenayiwei，jiuzainayiweishangxieshang。?qiuchumeiyiweishang，yuxiadeshubixubichushuxiao。3、shangdebianhuaguilv：?beichushuheshangdebianhuaxiangtong。?chushuheshangdebianhuaxiangfan。?shangbubiandexingzhi：beichushuhechushutongshicheng（huochuyi）yigexiangtongdeshu（0chuwai），shangbubian。chushu× shang + yushu = beichushu（beichushu－yushu）÷ shang = chushudiqidanyuantiaoxingtongjitu1、tiaoxingtongjitudetedian：nengzhiguandekanchugezhongshuliangdedaxiao，bianyubijiao。2、zaihuizhitiaoxingtongjitushi，tiaoxingtuyigebiaoshiji，yaogenjujutiqingkuanglaiquedingdibadanyuanshuxueguangjiao--youhua1、qichawenti：helianpaishijiandeguocheng：（1）mingquewanchengyixianggongzuoyaozuonaxieshiqing;(2)mingquemeixiangshiqinggexuyaoduoshaoshijian；（3）helianpaigongzuodeshunxu，mingquexianzuoshime，houzuoshime，naxieshiqingkeyitongshizuo。2、laobingwenti：laobingdezuiyoufanganshimeiyicijinkenengderangguolianyaoqiufangzuiduodebing，zheyangjimeiyoulangfeiziyuan，youjieshengshijian。3、duicelunwenti：jiejuetongyigewentiyoubutongdecelue，yaoxuehuixunzhaozuiyoufangan。keyiyongliejufaxuanzezuiyoufangan。wunianjidiyidanyuanxiaoshuchengfa1、xiaoshuchengzhengshu：yiyi——qiujigexiangtongjiashudehedejianbianyunsuan。ru：1.5×3biaoshi1.5de3beishiduoshaohuo3ge1.5shiduoshao。jisuanfangfa：xianbaxiaoshukuodachengzhengshu；anzhengshuchengfadefazesuanchuji；zaikanyinshuzhongyigongyoujiweixiaoshu，jiucongjideyoubianqishuchujiweidianshangxiaoshudian。2、xiaoshuchengxiaoshu：yiyi——jiushiqiuzhegeshudejifenzhijishiduoshao。ru：1.5×0.8（zhengshubufenshi0）jiushiqiu1.5deshifenzhibashiduoshao。1.5×1.8（zhengshubufenbushi0）jiushiqiu1.5de1.8beishiduoshao。zhuyi：jisuanjieguozhong，xiaoshubufenmoweide0yaoqudiao，baxiaoshuhuajian；xiaoshubufenweishubugoushi，yaoyong0zhanwei。3、guilv：yigeshu（0chuwai）chengdayu1deshu，jibiyuanlaideshuda； yigeshu（0chuwai）chengxiaoyu1deshu，jibiyuanlaideshuxiao。4、qiujinsishudefangfayibanyousanzhong：⑴sishewurufa；⑵jinyifa；⑶quweifa5、jisuanqianshu，baoliuliangweixiaoshu，biaoshijisuandaofen。baoliuyiweixiaoshu，biaoshijisuandaojiao。6、xiaoshusizeyunsuanshunxugenzhengshushiyiyangde。7、yunsuandinglvhexingzhi：jiafa：jiafajiaohuanlv：a+b=b+ajiafajiehelv:(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)chengfa：chengfajiaohuanlv：a×b=b×achengfajiehelv：(a×b)×c=a×(b×c)chengfafenpeilv：(a+b)×c=a×c+b×chuoa×c+b×c=(a+b)×c（b=1shi，shenglueb）bianshi： (a-b)×c=a×c-b×chuoa×c-b×c=(a-b)×cjianfa：jianfaxingzhi：a-b-c=a-(b+c)chufa：chufaxingzhi：a÷b÷c=a÷(b×c)8、quedingwutideweizhi，yaoyongdaoshudui（xianlie：jishu，houxingjihengpai）。yongshuduiyaonengjiejuelianggewenti：yishigeichuyiduishudui，yaonengzaizuobiaotuzhongbiaochuwutisuozaiweizhidedian。ershigeichuzuobiaozhongdeyigedian，yaonengyongshuduibiaoshi。disandanyuanxiaoshuchufa10、xiaoshuchufadeyiyi：yizhilianggeyinshudejiyuqizhongdeyigeyinshu，qiulingyigeyinshudeyunsuan。ru：0.6÷0.3biaoshiyizhilianggeyinshudeji0.6，yigeyinshushi0.3，qiulingyigeyinshushiduoshao。11、xiaoshuchuyizhengshudejisuanfangfa：xiaoshuchuyizhengshu，anzhengshuchufadefangfaquchu，shangdexiaoshudianyaohebeichushudexiaoshudianduiqi。zhengshubufenbugouchu，shang0，dianshangxiaoshudian。ruguoyouyushu，yaotian0zaichu。11、chushushixiaoshudechufadejisuanfangfa：xianjiangchushuhebeichushukuodaxiangtongdebeishu，shichushubianchengzhengshu，zaian“chushushizhengshudexiaoshuchufa”defazejinxingjisuan。zhuyi：ruguobeichushudeweishubugou，zaibeichushudemoweiyong0buzu。12、zaishijiyingyongzhong，xiaoshuchufasuodedeshangyekeyigenjuxuyaoyong“sishewuru”fabaoliuyidingdexiaoshuweishu，qiuchushangdejinsishu。13、chufazhongdebianhuaguilv：①shangbubianxingzhi：beichushuhechushutongshikuodahuosuoxiaoxiangtongdebeishu（0chuwai），shangbubian。②chushububian，beichushukuoda（suoxiao），shangsuizhuokuoda（suoxiao）。③beichushububian，chushusuoxiao，shangfanerkuoda；beichushububian，chushukuoda，shangfanersuoxiao。14、xunhuanxiaoshu：yigeshudexiaoshubufen，congmouyiweiqi，yigeshuzihuozhejigeshuziyicibuduanzhongfuchuxian，zheyangdexiaoshujiaozuoxunhuanxiaoshu。 xunhuanjie：yigexunhuanxiaoshudexiaoshubufen，yicibuduanzhongfuchuxiandeshuzi。ru6.3232……dexunhuanjieshi32.jianxiezuo6.3215、xiaoshubufendeweishushiyouxiandexiaoshu，jiaozuoyouxianxiaoshu。xiaoshubufendeweishushiwuxiandexiaoshu，jiaozuowuxianxiaoshu。xiaoshufenweiyouxianxiaoshuhewuxianxiaoshu。disidanyuankenengxing16、shijianfashengyousanzhongqingkuang：kenengfasheng、bukenengfasheng、yidingfasheng。17、kenengfashengdeshijian，kenengxingdaxiao。bajizhongkenengdeqingkuangdefenshuxiangjiazuofenmu，danyidezhezhongkenengxingzuofenzi，jiukeqiuchuxiangyingshijianfashengkenengxingdaxiao。diwudanyuanjianyifangcheng18、zaihanyouzimudeshizili，zimuzhongjiandechenghaokeyijizuo“·”，yekeyishengluebuxie。jiahao、jianhaochuhaoyijishuyushuzhijiandechenghaobunengshenglue。19、a×akeyixiezuoa·ahuoa ，a duzuoadepingfang 2abiaoshia+atebiedi1a=azhelide：“1“womenbuxie20、fangcheng：hanyouweizhishudedengshichengweifangcheng（★fangchengbixumanzudetiaojian：bixushidengshi bixuyouweizhishuliangzhequeyibuke）。shifangchengzuoyouliangbianxiangdengdeweizhishudezhi，jiaozuofangchengdejie。qiufangchengdejiedeguochengjiaozuojiefangcheng。21、jiefangchengyuanli：tianpingpingheng。 dengshizuoyouliangbiantongshijia、jian、cheng、chuxiangtongdeshu（0chuwai），dengshiyiranchengli。22、10geshuliangguanxishi：jiafa：he=jiashu+jiashu yigejiashu=he-lingyigejiashujianfa：cha=beijianshu-jianshu beijianshu=cha+jianshu jianshu=beijianshu-chachengfa：ji=yinshu×yinshu yigeyinshu=ji÷lingyigeyinshuchufa：shang=beichushu÷chushu beichushu=shang×chushu chushu=beichushu÷shang23、suoyoudefangchengdushidengshi，dandengshibuyidingdushifangcheng。24、fangchengdejianyanguocheng：fangchengzuobian=……25、fangchengdejieshiyigeshu； jiefangchengshiyigejisuanguocheng。=fangchengyoubian suoyi，X=…shifangchengdejie。diliudanyuanduobianxingdemianji26、gongshi：duobianxingmianjigongshimianjigongshidebianshizhengfangxingzhengfangxingdemianji=bianchangXbianchang Szheng=aXa=a?yizhi：zhengfangxingdemianji，qiubianchangchangfangxingchangfangxingdemianji=changXkuanSchang=aXbyizhi：changfangxingdemianjihechang，qiukuanpingxingsibianxingpingxingsibianxingdemianji=diXgaoSping=aXhyizhi：pingxingsibianxingdemianjihedi，qiugao h=Sping÷asanjiaoxingsanjiaoxingdemianji=diXkuangao÷2Ssan=aXh÷2yizhi：sanjiaoxingdemianjihedi，qiugaoH=SsanX2÷atixingtixingxingdemianji=（shangdi+xiadi）Xgao÷2Sti=（a+b）X2yizhi：tixingdemianjiyushangxiadizhihe，qiugaogao=mianji×2÷（shangdi+xiadi）shangdi=mianji×2÷gao－xiadizuhetuxingdangzuhetuxingshituchude，yongliangzhonghuosanzhongjiandantuxingmianjixiangjiajinxingjisuan。dangzuhetuxingshiaoxiande，yongyizhongzuidadejiandantuxingmianjijianjiaoxiaodejiandantuxingmianjijinxingjisuan。27、pingxingsibianxingmianjigongshituidao：jianpin、pingyipingxingsibianxingkeyizhuanhuachengyigechangfangxing；changfangxingdechangxiangdangyupingxingsibianxingdedi； changfangxingdekuanxiangdangyupingxingsibianxingdegao； changfangxingdemianjidengyupingxingsibianxingdemianji，yinweichangfangxingmianji=chang×kuan，suoyipingxingsibianxingmianji=di×gao。28、sanjiaoxingmianjigongshituidao：xuanzhuanlianggewanquanyiyangdesanjiaoxingkeyipinchengyigepingxingsibianxing，pingxingsibianxingdedixiangdangyusanjiaoxingdedi；pingxingsibianxingdegaoxiangdangyusanjiaoxingdegao；pingxingsibianxingdemianjidengyusanjiaoxingmianjide2bei，yinweipingxingsibianxingmianji=di×gao，suoyisanjiaoxingmianji=di×gao÷229、tixingmianjigongshituidao：xuanzhuan30、lianggewanquanyiyangdetixingkeyipinchengyigepingxingsibianxing。pingxingsibianxingdedixiangdangyutixingdeshangxiadizhihe；pingxingsibianxingdegaoxiangdangyutixingdegao；pingxingsibianxingmianjidengyutixingmianjide2bei，yinweipingxingsibianxingmianji=di×gao，suoyitixingmianji=(shangdi+xiadi)×gao÷231、dengdidenggaodepingxingsibianxingmianjixiangdeng；dengdidenggaodesanjiaoxingmianjixiangdeng；dengdidenggaodepingxingsibianxingmianjishisanjiaoxingmianjide2bei。32、changfangxingkuangjialachengpingxingsibianxing，zhouchangbubian，mianjibianxiao。33、zuhetuxingmianjijisuan：bixuzhuanhuachengyixuedejiandantuxing。dangzuhetuxingshituchude，yongxuxianfengechengjizhongjiandantuxing，bajiandantuxingmianjixiangjiajisuan。dangzuhetuxingshiaoxiande，yongxuxianbuqichengyizhongzuidadejiandantuxing，yongzuidajiandantuxingmianjijianjigejiaoxiaodejiandantuxingmianjijinxingjisuan。diqidanyuanzhishuwenti34、bufengbizaishuwenti：（1）yitiaoludeyibianliangduanduzaishu=luchang÷jiange+1；yizhijiangeshu，shudekeshu，qiuluchang。luchang=jiangeshu×（shudekeshu-1）（2）yitiaoludeliangbianliangduanduzaishu=（luchang÷jiange+1）×2（3）yitiaoludeyibianliangduanbuzaishu=luchang÷jiange-1（4）yitiaoludeliangbianliangduanbuzaishu=（luchang÷jiange-1）×2（5）jumutoushijianwenti：juyiduanmutoushijian=zongshijian÷（duanshu-1）35、fengbituxingsizhouzaishuwenti：zaishukeshu=zhouchang÷jiange36、jitutonglongwenti：(guihewenti、dachuanxiaochuanwenti）（1）suanshujiashefa1：jiashejizhidushituzi，（dushijiaoduodetuzi），xianqiujidezhishujidezhishu：（zongtoushu×4-zongjiaoshu）÷（4-2jiyizhitudejiaoshujianquyizhijidejiaoshu）tudezhishu：zongtoushu-jidezhishusuanshujiashefa2：jiashejizhidushiji，（dushijiaoshaodeji），xianqiutuzidezhishutuzidezhishu：（zongjiaoshu-zongtoushu×2）÷（4-2jiyizhitudejiaoshujianquyizhijidejiaoshu）jidezhishu：zongtoushu-tuzidezhishu（2）fangchengfa：shetuziyouxzhi，zetuzijiaoyou2xzhi。namejiyou（zongtoushu-x)zhigenju“tuzijiao+jijiao=zongjiaoshu”liefangchengjiedaxianqiutuzizhishu，zaisuanchujidezhishu。ji：4x+2×（zongtoushu-x）=zongjiaoshubuchongneirong：guanchawuti36、congbutongdejiaoduguanchawuti，kandaodexingzhuangkenengshibutongde；guanchachangfangtihuozhengfangtishi，conggudingweizhizuiduonengkandaosangemian。（xiguanshangwomencongzuomian、zhengmian、shangmiankan ，bazhesanzhongshitutongchengsanshitu）37、tuxingdeyundong：zhouduichengtuxing。（1）yanyitiaozhixianduizhehou，liangbianwanquanzhonghedetuxingjiaozuozhouduichengtuxing，zhetiaozhixianjiaozuoduichengzhou。yuanyouwushutiaoduichengzhou。zhengfangxingyou4tiaoduichengzhou。dengbiansanjiaoxingyou3tiaoduichengzhou。changfangxingyou2tiaoduichengzhou。dengyaosanjiaoxinghedengyaotixingyou1tiaoduichengzhou。（2）zhouduichengtuxingdetedian：?yanduichengzhouduizhe，liangbianwanquanzhonghe。?meiyizuduiyingdiandaoduichengzhoujuliduxiangdeng。duiyingdianzhijiandelianxianyuduichengzhouhuxiangchuizhi。（3）yaonenggenjuduichengzhouhuachuduichengtuxingdelingyiban。38、shuzibianma：（1）shubujinkeyiyonglaibiaoshishuliangheshunxu，huankeyiyonglaibianma。（2）youzhengbianmayou6weishuzizucheng，qian2weibiaoshisheng；qian3weibiaoshiyouqu，qian4weibiaoshixianshi，zuihou2weibiaoshitoudiju（dadijixiangtoudiju）（3）shenfenzheng18wei：di7zhi14weibiaoshichushengnianyueri daoshudierweideshuzibiaoshixingbie，danshu-nan，shuangshu-nv（4）genjukahaoxinxi、yundongyuanbianhaoxinxi、menpaixinxitianxiebianmaguilv。liunianjidiyidanyuanfenshuchengfa（yi）fenshuchengfayiyi：1、fenshuchengzhengshudeyiyiyuzhengshuchengfadeyiyixiangtong，jiushiqiujigexiangtongjiashudehedejianbianyunsuan。“fenshuchengzhengshu”zhideshidiergeyinshubixushizhengshu，bunengshifenshu。2、yigeshuchengfenshudeyiyijiushiqiuyigeshudejifenzhijishiduoshao。“yigeshuchengfenshu”zhideshidiergeyinshubixushifenshu，bunengshizhengshu。（diyigeyinshushishimedukeyi）（er）fenshuchengfajisuanfaze：1、fenshuchengzhengshudeyunsuanfazeshi：fenziyuzhengshuxiangcheng，fenmububian。（1）weiliaojisuanjianbiannengyuefendekexianyuefenzaijisuan。（zhengshuhefenmuyuefen）（2）yuefenshiyongzhengshuhexiamiandefenmuyuediaozuidagongyinshu。（zhengshuqianwanbunengyufenmuxiangcheng，jisuanjieguobixushizuijianfenshu）。2、fenshuchengfenshudeyunsuanfazeshi：yongfenzixiangchengdejizuofenzi，fenmuxiangchengdejizuofenmu。（fenzichengfenzi，fenmuchengfenmu）（1）ruguofenshuchengfasuanshizhonghanyoudaifenshu，yaoxianbadaifenshuhuachengjiafenshuzaijisuan。（2）fenshuhuajiandefangfashi：fenzi、fenmutongshichuyitamendezuidagongyinshu。（3）zaichengdeguochengzhongyuefen，shibafenzi、fenmuzhong，lianggekeyiyuefendeshuxianhuaqu，zaifenbiezaitamendeshang、xiafangxiechuyuefenhoudeshu。（yuefenhoufenzihefenmubixubuzaihanyougongyinshu，zheyangjisuanhoudejieguocaishizuijiandanfenshu）。（4）fenshudejibenxingzhi：fenzi、fenmutongshichenghuozhechuyiyigexiangtongdeshu（0chuwai），fenshudedaxiaobubian。（san）jiyuyinshudeguanxi：yigeshu（0chuwai）chengdayu1deshu，jidayuzhegeshu。a×b=c,dangb >1蝉丑颈，肠>补。测颈驳别蝉丑耻（0肠丑耻飞补颈）肠丑别苍驳虫颈补辞测耻1诲别蝉丑耻，箩颈虫颈补辞测耻锄丑别驳别蝉丑耻。补×产=肠,诲补苍驳产 <1蝉丑颈，肠
请(蚕颈苍驳)勿(奥耻)心(齿颈苍)存(颁耻苍)侥(闯颈补辞)幸(齿颈苍驳)
浩瀚的海水，翻涌的海浪，一直给广大游人以无尽遐想。可大家有没有想过，如果海洋中的水变成了沸水，将会是一种怎样的景象？敞篷双层观光巴士，是时候说再见了原创2023-06-27 18:50·看看新闻最近，有消息传出，“敞篷双层观光巴士将在今年9月退出市场”，不少市民游客纷纷表示不舍，特地前往观光巴士站点，前去打卡。曾经风靡一时、引领上海城市旅游观光潮流的敞篷双层观光巴士为何要“下线”呢？晚上8点，都市观光旅游线的外滩海关大楼站前，排起了近50米的长龙，不少游客宁愿等上一个钟头，也要坐上自己心中的那辆车。“我大概已经在这里排了一个小时了，一定要坐敞篷巴士。”“我们就想坐敞篷的，之前在上海工作一年了没时间坐。”“以后这个车如果没有了会觉得很可惜，今天特地来感受一下。”游客们纷纷说道。这两天传出的敞篷双层巴士即将退休的消息，让不少市民游客赶着来打卡。上层50多个座位，是乘客们的首选，吹着小风，穿梭各个地标建筑，随手一拍，都是美景。乘客们说：“没有距离感，就感觉是跟整个城市一起移动的，就很好。”“感受清新空气，两边的景色看得更清晰。”目前上海共有8辆敞篷双层巴士，是2010年春秋旅游向汽车厂特地定制，一直以来，可以说不少来上海的游客必打卡的项目，既然如此受欢迎，为何要退出市场呢？春秋旅游副总经理周卫红坦言：“按照规定它要退出行驶，包括它的排放、它的年龄，都有严格的规定，所以到今年应该就是结束它的使命了。那么为什么不再进这样的车型呢，汽车制造行业里，没有敞篷的双层车了，所以我们没有办法买到。”据介绍，按照中国观光巴士使用规定，运营达13年的观光巴士车辆，必须强制报废，不能申请延用。而彼时作为定制的车型，因为国内没有厂家再生产。目前全国还有20多个城市有双层观光巴士，他们中的一些敞篷车型，预计也将在近期陆续退役。复旦大学旅游系教授、国际旅游学会常务副秘书长沈涵表示：“因为国标的问题，双层巴士是燃油巴士，现在有比较严格的一个环保要求，存在一定的安全隐患，包括一些旅客随手扔垃圾等等，现在上海公交对于车辆的要求是封闭式的。”目前公司已着手招投标，计划采购8台环保封顶式的纯电动双层巴士，补上运力缺口。即便市民游客依依不舍，从观光巴士的发展历程来看，求新求变一直是主旋律。2008年，1路观光车出现在上海街头，都市巴士旅游从此开启，不过这条申城第一条双层敞篷观光巴士线一度因客流稀少，最终改成了普通公交线路，变身为188路。到了2010年，上海重启都市观光游计划，春秋等公司再次购买观光车辆，游客越来越多，单春秋旗下的蜻蜓都市观光巴士，就从10辆，发展到了20多辆，到了2022年，响应环保号召，七辆全新的新能源观光车也加入了进来，零排放、零污染、噪音小，游客们的乘坐体验也更舒适。在专家看来，观光巴士紧紧跟随着城市的发展脚步，在当前努力推进“碳达峰、碳中和”的可持续化发展背景下，旅游观光巴士也在不断进行自我升级，未来也应该带来更适合城市特点的旅游服务。复旦大学旅游系教授、国际旅游学会常务副秘书长沈涵认为：“像上海，随着国标五的推出，包括上海对绿色低碳、碳中和这方面的要求，其实是对城市的车辆也提出了一个比较高的要求，越来越多这样历史的人文的，文化遗产、工业遗产的路线也会被设计出来。”目前，都市旅游观光巴士，全市共有3、4家公司运营，在运营过程中，也有游客反映存在车辆到站不停、等车时间久等问题。对此，上海各观光巴士经营公司正着力改进，进一步提升安全和服务质量。春秋旅游副总经理周卫红表示：“也在收集我们的数据，包括游客的反馈，下一步我们会把一部分线路进行优化，既要有市场的呼应，同时也要安全。”近年来，上海的城市旅游项目，一直在不断推陈出新，还推出了“建筑可阅读”、“红色旅游专线”等多种游览方式。市民们可以考虑抓住最后一段时间的机会，来一趟都市敞篷双层巴士之旅。（记者：邱旭黎 摄像：王毅 编辑：由由酱）《监狱风云3国语》高清完整版在线观看-电影频道...
1养老金的基础定额固定标准上调