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本场比赛真是爆出一个大冷门欧洲劲旅克罗地亚昨天刚刚击败东契奇率领的斯洛文尼亚关键数据方面克罗地亚篮板球和助攻都占据优势唯一做的不好的叁分球新西兰投进13个而克罗地亚只有6个新西兰5人得分上双科瑞得到21分伊利拿到18分;克罗地亚的祖巴茨15中12爆砍29分16板萨里奇19分8板5助海佐尼亚16分9板6助但是叁分球9中1连续投丢4个叁分球成为输球罪人
王桂花泪眼朦胧,环视着挺身而出的村民,微微点头,“我接受你的道歉。”野生动物也会出现杂交,其后代有多惨?我们能禁止动物杂交吗?首发2023-11-13 14:11·冷紫葉在阅读文章之前,麻烦您点个“关注”,这样可以与您进行讨论和分享,同时提升您的参感,小编也会持续更新精彩内容,感谢您的支持!文|冷紫葉编辑|冷紫葉一听到“杂交”两个字,首先让大家想到的就是袁老培育出的杂交水稻,有效地提高了水稻的产量,解决了人们的温饱问题。这一成功研究无疑对人类来说,是巨大的突破。植物都可以杂交,那么动物可以杂交吗?答案是:当然可以,但是杂交分物种。我们平时生活中常见的动物杂交,比较成功的典型就是马与驴的杂交繁殖出的骡子。而骡子不仅继承了马与驴的优点,而且寿命也会超过马和驴。骡子温和、耐用,可以用作运输、耕地、拉车等,是人类的好帮手。但是骡子最大的缺点就是不能生育,骡子的基因染色体有63条,很显然,奇数的染色体是不能完成有效配对并成功产下胚胎的,所以骡子没有下一代。那么马和驴都可以杂交,是不是其他动物也可以?其实科学家早就想到了这个假设,并且进行实验研究,但是结果却不尽如人意。其中非常有名的就是狮虎兽。是在人为干预下完成的跨物种杂交,狮虎兽顾名思义,就是老虎和狮子的,它继承了老虎的四肢,头部却更像是狮子。科学家本以为老虎与狮子这种“强强联合”的后代,会超越父母,变得更强,但实际在人工干预下的结合,让老虎和狮子的后代却变得异常地“脆弱”。它们并没有像人们想象中那样强壮,虽然能够完成受孕和生产,但是在狮虎兽幼年时候却因为头部过大,四肢畸形,四肢无法支撑起这样大的头部,即使是长大了,但是这样不协调的头部和四肢,让他们完全丧失了老虎和狮子天生自带的这种王者之势。就连捕猎都是一个难题。这是因为在自然界中,不同物种之间存在着“生殖隔离”,它既可以说是一种保护,也可以说是一种还未完全达到的进化阶段。有了生殖隔离,就让动物们不会随便地产生一些“奇怪”的跨物种的后代,什么飞天猪啊,遁地虎啊等等。从大多数动物的杂交结果来看,像是骡子、狮虎兽、豹狮等等这样的杂交后代都是高度不育的,也正是因为生殖隔离。世界之大无奇不有,除了行为干预不同物种之间的结合外,同一物种不同亚种之间还会自愿发生结合行为。例如:科学家发现的一只说是北极熊但又不是,它的毛并不像北极熊那样纯白的,说它像灰熊但是它又有点像北极熊的“神秘熊”。看到这只熊的时候,科学家大胆猜测,可能是因为北极熊与灰熊的杂交后代。果不其然,在科学家对它进行DNA检测后发现,确实如此。那么北极熊和灰熊是如何相遇的呢?说到底还是要感谢人类。由于近几年环境气候变暖,温度升高,冰川融化,同时海水的酸度也越来越高,所裸露出来的苔藓的面积也逐年增加。就这样,灰熊不断地向北极方向迁徙,他们之间既能因为抢夺食物而发生“争斗”,也能互生情愫。所以也就产生了新的物种,灰北极熊。但是经过科学家的研究发现,灰北极熊是可以繁殖后代的,这也就意味着,北极熊和灰熊并不受生殖隔离的约束,而它们之间的结合产生了一个新的物种。也有科学家预言,以后的灰北极熊将会取代北极熊而生存。因为近几年全球的气候变暖,北极熊的狩猎期越来越短,冰川融化,幼崽的死亡,以及食物的短缺等等多种因素综合,导致北极熊的数量会越来越少,科学家预言,可能80年后,北极熊将会在地球上彻底消失。而灰北极熊将会取代北极熊而适应当下的气候环境,继续生存下去,也可以说,是北极熊完成了进化。当然从目前的研究发现,像灰北极熊这种可以很好地完成杂交并产生后代而生存下来的物种很少。大部分物种退一步讲,如果可以打破生殖隔离,那么生存也是非常不容易的。例如海陆鬣蜥,一听名字就知道,它的父母肯定是一个来自海里,一个来自陆地上,海鬣蜥与陆鬣蜥杂交而繁殖的后代。由于环境的变化,食物链被破坏,不得已海鬣蜥与陆鬣蜥在岸边“相遇”从而产生了结合行为,在一起产生了后代。但是这种海陆鬣蜥数量极少,并且当下的生存环境、气候都发生了巨大的改变,各种动物都要尽快地改变自己,适应当下的环境。当然有的人类为了一己私欲,强制性地让动物杂交,例如折耳猫,作为宠物,是很多家庭的选择,因为猫咪天生可爱、温和、善与人亲近,所以很受人们的喜欢。之所以叫这折耳猫,是因为它的耳朵有时候可以竖立,有时候可以耷拉,好像在表达自己的情绪一样,同时它还能站立,也正是因为这些因素,让人们都更加偏向购买折耳猫当宠物带回家去养。但是折耳猫之所以会站立,是因为它的脊柱先天性就带有问题,只有站立的时候才能缓解疼痛,所以杂交的后代都有一些遗传缺陷。“物竞天择,适者生存,不适者被淘汰”就是这么一个道理。而科学家们不甘心于只用动物来做杂交实验,他们提出大胆假设,把主意打到了人类的身上,曾经尝试用人类与大猩猩的DNA结合。在当年前苏联科学家伊万诺夫就曾大胆地提出了这样的实验。将雄性大猩猩的“生命之源”注射到女性人类的胚胎中,进行着这样丧心病狂的实验。当时还曾经在国家的支持下,秘密进行着各种人猿实验,当时的目的是对这类生物进行训练,从而用来提高苏联军队的力量。当时他们是从中寻找并筛选出了三只强壮的雌性大猩猩,并且从三个强壮的人类中提取了“生命之源”。并且注射到母猩猩的体内,但是这种跨物种的实验怎么会那么轻易就成功呢。试过了很多次,并且等待了好几个月,最终也没能成功,所以这样的实验最后也不了了之了。这不禁还让我们想起之前看到过的,各种美国科幻电影。科学家疯狂大胆地猜测,同时将人类与异形生物结合,产出来的生物是人类所未知的,当事情发生到不可控的地步时候,到底是人类的幸事还是灾难?如何看待杂交技术?可以说,杂交技术是一把双刃剑,如果可以很好地利用它,像袁老那样,为人类造福,这样的杂交技术是值得推崇的。但是如果像狮虎兽、折耳猫,或是让人类参与其中有违道德、人性的实验,应该是要严厉禁止的。另外还要看杂交实验的目的是什么,是为了探寻科技的进步,还是为了为他们的生活带来更便利的条件,再或者是以个人利益为目的的实验?相较于实用性和食用性来说,有人将家禽、家畜来进行杂家,可以在生活中帮助人类带来更加便捷、便利的生活,例如骡子;从食用性来说,经过杂交可以产生肉质更好,以及抗病性更好的优良品种来,这种杂交的目的出发点是好的。在自然界中,不管是人类、动物还是植物,都有自己的一套自然法则,大家都在遵循着这套法则生存,这套法则也使得自然界都保持着一种平衡、有序。如果一旦这样的平衡被打破后,可以说自然界就“乱套”了,我们不能以牺牲动物福祉为代价来进行实验,动物也是有生命的,他们也同样享有生存的权利,我们人类不应该以满足自己的好奇心,满足自己的私欲来剥夺动物的生存,破坏它们的生存法则。
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zhuanjiaogantayongzimuJbiaoshi,yongyuxianluzhuanjiaochu,jichengshoudaoxian、bileixiandechuizhihezaijineijiaopingfenxianfangxiangdeshuipingfenlihezai,youchengshoudaoxian、bileixianzhanglideheli。zhuanjiaogandejiaodushizhizhuanjiaoqianyuanyouxianlufangxiangdeyanchangxianyuzhuanjiaohouxianlufangxiangzhijiandejiajiao。zhuanjiaogandeweizhigenjuxianchangjutiqingkuangqueding,yibanxuanzezaibianyujianxiuzuoyededifang。4.7 zhongduangantayongzimuDbiaoshi,zhongduangantaweiyuxianlushou、moduanduan,fadianchanghuobiandianzhanchuxiandediyijigantashizhongduanganta,xianluzuimoduanyijigantayeshizhongduanganta。tashiyizhongnengchengshoudancedaoxiandengdechuizhihezaihefengyali,yijidancedaoxianzhanglideganta。4.8 kuayuegantayibanyongyudangxianlukuayuegonglu、tielu、heliu、shangu、dianlixian、tongxinxiandengqingkuang。4.9 fenqigantayibanyongyudangjiakongpeidianxianluzhongshuanghuilufenwei2gedanhuiluxiandeganta。4.10 Tjiegantayibanyongyudangjiakongpeidianxianluzhongbayitiaoxianjiedaoganxianshangqu,TjieweizhichudegantajiushiTjieganta。5 daoxianjiakongpeidianxianludedaoxiandezuoyongshichuandaodianliu、shusongdianneng。zhizaodaoxiandecailiaobujinyaoyoulianghaodedaodianqiangdu,tongshihuanyaoyouzugoudejixieqiangduhejiaohaodenaizhen、kangfushixingneng,erqieyaoqiuzhongliangqing,bingyingkaolvjingjixing。5.1 daoxiandecailiaojiakongdaoxiandecailiaoyoutong、lv、gang、lvhejindeng。tongshidaodianxingnenghenhaodejinshu,nengkangfushi,danbizhongda,jiagegao,qiejixieqiangdubunengmanzudadangjudeqiangduyaoqiu,xianzaidejiakongshudianxianluyibandubucaiyong。lvdedaodianlvbitongdedi,zhiliangqing,jiagedi,zaidianzuzhixiangdengdetiaojianxia,lvxiandezhiliangzhiyoutongxiandeyibanzuoyou,danquedianshijixieqiangdujiaodi,yunxingzhongbiaomianxingchengyanghualvbaomohou,daodianxingnengjiangdi,kangfushixingcha,guzaigaoyapeidianxianluyongdejiaoduo,shudianxianluyibanbuyonglvjiaoxian;gangdejixieqiangdusuigao,dandaodianxingnengcha,kangfushixingyecha,yishengxiu,yibanduzhiyongzuodixianhuolaxian,buyongzuodaoxian。gangdejixieqiangdugao,lvdedaodianxingnenghao,daoxiandeneibuyoujigushigangxian,yichengshoulali;waibuweiduogulvxian,yichuandaodianliu。youyujiaoliudiandejifuxiaoying,dianliuzhuyaozaidaotiwaicengtongguo,zhejiuchongfenliyongliaolvdedaodiannenglihegangdejixieqiangdu,quchangbuduan,huxiangpeihe。muqianjiakongshudianxianludaoxianjihuquanbushiyonggangxinlvxian。zuoweiliangdaotidixianhezaibotongdaoyongdedixian,yecaiyonggangxinlvxian。5.2 daoxianjibenyaoqiu1、zugoudejixieqiangdu2、lianghaodedaodianxingneng3、kangfushixingqiang4、miduxiao、zhiliangqing,juyoujiaohaodejingjixing5.3 daoxianzhongleidaoxianbaokuogangxinlvjiaoxian、kuojinggangxinlvjiaoxian、kongxindaoxian、ganglvhunjiaoxian、gangxinlvbaogangjiaoxian、lvbaogangjiaoxiandeng,peiwangzhuyaocaiyongjiakongjueyuanxian。zaoqijiakongpeidianxianlutongchangcaiyongluodaoxian,youyushuzhi、diaoche、jianzhushigong、niaodengdongwupengchudaoxian、qichepengzhuangdiangan、laxian,paoreng、fengguazawudengjingchangzaochengxianludiaozha。suizhuochengshidefazhan,daliangxinjiandejianzhuwujuliyoukenengjiaojin,suoyishishijiakongpeidianxianlujueyuanhuashipeidianwangfazhandebiyaoguocheng。jiakongjueyuanpeidianxianlushiyongyuchengshirenkoumijidiqu,xianluzoulangxiazhai、jiasheluodaoxianxianluyujianzhuwudejianjubunengmanzuanquanyaoqiudediquyijifengjinglvhuaqu、lindaiquhewuhuiyanzhongdediqudeng。jiakongpeidianxianluyongjueyuandaoxian,anqijiegouxingshiyibanfenweigaoyafenxiangshijueyuandaoxian、diyafenxiangshijueyuandaoxian、diyajishushijueyuandaoxian、gaoyajishushibandaotipingbijueyuandaoxian、gaoyajishushijinshupingbijueyuandaoxian。jiakongjueyuanpeidianxianluxinghaoyongjueyuandaoxiandecailiaohejiegoutezhengdaihaobiaoshi:JKbiaoshijiakongxilie(tongdaotishenglue),TRbiaoshiruantongdaoti;Lbiaoshilvdaoti;HLbiaoshilvhejindaoti;Vbiaoshijulvyixijueyuan,Ybiaoshijuyixi,GYbiaoshigaomidujuyixi;YJbiaoshijiaolianjuyixi,Bbiaoshibensejueyuan,Qbiaoshiqingxingbaojueyuanjiegou,(A)biaoshichenglishuweigangjiaoxian。liru,gangxin、jiaolianjuyixijueyuan(bense)、edingdianya10kV、4xin(qizhong3xinweidaoti)、biaochengjiemianwei120mm2,chenglishuwei50 mm2gangjiaoxiandejueyuandaoxian,xinghaoweiJKLYJ/B-10/3×120+50(A)。5.4 jiakongxianluzuixiaoyunxujiemianjiakongxianludaoxianyunxingzhong,chushouzishenzhongliangdezaihezhiwai,huanchengshouwendubianhuajifubing、fengyadengchanshengdezaihe。zhexiezaihekenengshidaoxianchengshoudelalidadazengjia,shenzhizaochengduanxianshigu。daoxianjiemianyuxiao,chengshouwaizaihedenengliyudi。weiliaobaozhenganquan,shidaoxianyouyidingdekanglaqiangdu,zaidafeng、fubinghuodiwendengbuliqixiangtiaojianxia,buzhifashengduanxianshigu,yinerxuyaoguidinggezhongqingkuangxiajiakongdaoxiandezuixiaoyunxujiemian。woguoguidingjiakongdaoxianyunxushiyongdezuixiaojiemianrubiao1-4suoshi。rujisuanchujiemiandiyubiaozhongguidingshuzhi,yebixuanbiaoshangshuzhixuanyong。5.4 daoxianjiemiandexuanzedaoxianjiemianyinganzhaopeidianwangguihuashejiyuanzexuanze,yingjinxingjingjijishubijiao,shibiandianzhanchuxianjiangededaochongfenliyong,xianluzhuganxianjiemianyingyuchuxianduanluqi、chuxiandianlan、TA(dianliuhuganqi)dengpeitaoyizhi,anedingdianliu600Ahuo400Akaolv。weibianyuyunxingjianxiu,peidianxianludaoxianjiemianjiyijianshaoguige,xianluganxianyiyicijiancheng。(1)jingjidianliumidu。dianliumidushizhidanweidaoxianjiemiansuotongguodedianliuzhi,danweiweiA/mm2。(2)dianyasunshi。guidingluxiandedianyasunshishiyaobaozhengxianlushangdedianyasunshibudayuguidingdezhibiao。(3)fare。zaiyidingdewaibutiaojian(huanjingwendu25℃)xia,shidaoxianbuchaoguobuchaoguoyunxudeanquanyunxingwendu(yibanwei70℃)shi,daoxianyunxudezailiuliangchengweidaoxiandeanquanzailiuliang。duiyuyongdianshebeidedianyuanxianjishineipeixian,shouxianyaoandaoxiandeanquanzailiuliangchubuxuanchudaoxiandejiemian。(4)jixieqiangdu。weishijiakongxianludedaoxianchengshouzizhong、huanjingwendujiyunxingwendubianhuachanshengdeyingli、fengli、fubingzhonglidengzuoyonglierbuzhiduanlie。xiangguanguichengguidingliaojiakongpeidianxianludedaoxianzuixiaojiemian。6 hengdanhengdanshijueyuanzideanzhuangjia,yeshibaochidaoxianjianjulidepailiejia。hengdananyongtufenfenzhixianhengdan、zhuanjiaohengdan、naizhanghengdan。ancailiaofenfenmuhengdan、tiehengdan、cihengdan。jiaotiehengdanyunyongguangfan。qiyoudianshiyoujiaogaodejixieqiangdu,shiyongshoumingchang、anzhuangfangbian、weihuliangxiaodeng。hengdandaxiaoyinggenjudaoxiancuxianshejiyaoqiujinxinganzhuang,xiaodaoxiancaiyongjiaotiehengdan,qizuixiaochicunwei∟63mm×6mm×1800mm,zheshigaoyayongdehengdan。diyahengdanzuixiaochicunwei∟50mm×5mm×1200mm。gaoyahengdanjianjuliwei800mm,hengdantoudiyigebinggankongjuwei40-50mm。judianganliangcejueyuanzijuliweibuyingxiaoyu0.5m。diyahengdanxianjianjuliwei400mm。shangshuxianjianjuliweishiyongyuxianludangjuwei40-50mdeqingkuang,nongcunxianludangjuzai50~70mshikecaiyongsanjiaopailie。tiehengdancailiaojianyan:(1)zhizaochangyingtigongtongyileixinghengdanfuheyouguanguidingdeshoulijianyanbaogao。weijianyanhengdandechengzainengli,zaibiyaoshikeyijinxingyunxulalishiyan,buyingfashengcuiduan、wanqubianxing。(2)yongyuzhizaohengdandengdecailiaoyingjuyouchuchanghegezhengshu。zhengshusuoliexiangmujibiaozhunyingfuheyouguanguiding,fouzeyinganyouguanguidingjinxingxiaoyan。(3)chicunjianyan。changduwuchayingxiaoyu±5mm,anzhuangkongjuwuchayingxiaoyu±2mm。reduxinjianyan:xincenghoudufuheyaoqiu,xincengyingjunyun,budeyouhuangdian、louxin、xinzha、xinci。cihengdankedaititie、muhengdanyijizhenshijueyuanzi、xuanshijueyuanzidengzuoweijueyuanhegudingdaoxianyong。qiyoudianshinengjieshenggangcai,zaixiangtongtiaojianxiashiyong,taocihengdankejiangdixianluzaojia。danqijixieqiangduruo,genghuandajiemiandaoxianshishoudaoyidingxianzhi。7 jueyuanzijueyuanziyibanyoucicailiaoheguiceliangzhicheng,yechengweiciping。jueyuanziyonglaigudingdaoxian、bingshidaidiantiyudadijueyuan,tongshiyechengshoudaoxiandechuizhihezhongheshuipinghezhong。suoyiduijueyuanzideyaoqiushiyouzugoudejueyuanqiangduheyidingdejixieqiangdu,duihuaxuewuzhiqinshiyouzugoudedikangnengli,erqiebushouwendubianhuadeyingxiang。xianlujueyuanziyougaoyahediyalianglei。jueyuanzishiyizhonggedianbujian,qiyongtushishidaoxianyudaoxianzhijianyijidaoxianyudadizhijianjueyuan,zhichi、xuandiaodaoxian,binggudingyugantadehengdanzhishang。jueyuanziyingjuyoulianghaodedianqixingnenghejixiexingneng。duiyu、xue、wu、feng、bing、qiwenzhoubianyijidaqizhongyouhaiwuzhidejinshiyeyingjuyoujiaoqiangdekangyunengli。jueyuanzicailiaoyibanweidianciheboliliangzhong,lingwaifuhecailiaodejueyuanzixianzaicaiyongdeyeyuelaiyueduo。7.1 jueyuanzidezhongleijixinghaozhenshijueyuanzizhenshijueyuanzizhuyaoyongyuzhixiangantahuojiaodujiaoxiaodezhuanjiaogantashang,yeyouzainaizhanggantashangyongyigudingdaoxiantiaoxian。daoxiancaiyongzhaxianbangzha,shiqigudingzaizhenshijueyuanzixiangbudecaozhong。zhenshijueyuanziyougaoya、diyazhifen,youchanggan、duangandeleixingzhifen,qixinghaoyou:gaoyazhenshijueyuanzixinghaoyouP-6T、P-6M、P-15T、P-15Mxingdeng。diyazhenshijueyuanzixinghaoyouPD-1、PD-2、PD-3xingdeng。qixinghaohanyi:Pbiaoshizhenshi,Mbiaoshiduangan,Dbiaoshidiya。zhushijueyuanziyongtuyuzhenshijueyuanzidazhixiangtong。bingqieqiancaoqunbianshiqizijiexingnenglianghao,kangwushannengliyaobizhenshijueyuanziqiang,yinci,zaipeidianxianlushangyingyongfeichangguangfan。cihengdanjueyuanziweiwaijiaozhuangjiegoushixinciti,qiyiduanzhuangyoujinshufujian。nengqidaojueyuanzihehengdandeshuangzhongzuoyong,dangduanxianshi,bupinghengzhanglishicihengdanzhuandongdaoshunxianluweizhi,youkangwanbianchengchengshoulali,qidaohuanchongzuoyongbingkexianzhishigufanwei。cihengdanjueyuanzidexinghaoyouCD-10-1-8、CD-35-1-8xingdeng。qixinghaohanyi:CDbiaoshicihengdan,hengxianhoumian10、35biaoshidianyadengji,houmianshuzibiaoshishejixuhao。xuanshijueyuanzijuyoulianghaodedianqixingnenghejiaogaodejixieqiangdu,anfangwuxingnengfenweiputongxinghefangwuxingliangzhong,anzhizaocailiaoyoufenweicixuanshiheganghuabolixuanshiliangzhong。xuanshijueyuanziwaixingrutu suoshi。yibananzhuangzaigaoyajiakongxianlunaizhangganta、zhongduangantahuofenzhigantashang,zuoweinaizhanghuozhongduanjueyuanzichuanshiyong,yeyongyuzhixiangantazuoweizhixianjueyuanzichuanshiyong。bangshijueyuanziweiwaijiaozhuangjiegoudeshixinciti,keyidaitixuanshijueyuanzichuanhuodieshijueyuanziyongyujiakongpeidianxianludenaizhangganta、zhongduangantahuofenzhiganta,zuoweinaizhangjueyuanzishiyong。dieshijueyuanzichangyongyudiyapeidianxianlushang,zuoweizhixianhuonaizhangjueyuanzi,yeketongxuanshijueyuanzipeitao,yongyu 10kv peidianxianlunaizhangganta、zhongduangantahuofenzhigantashang。dieshijueyuanziyoujiaochatai,qixinghaoyou:gaoyadieshijueyuanzixinghaoyouE-6、E-10xing2zhongdiyadieshijueyuanzixinghaoyouED-1、ED-2、ED-3xing3zhong.qixinghaohanyi:Ebiaoshidieshi,shuzibiaoshidianyadengji;diyadieshijueyuanzizhongshuzibiaoshixinghaochicun。laxianjueyuanzilaxianjueyuanzidezhuyaozuoyongshifangzhilaxiandaidian。gaoyachangcaiyongXP-7xuanshijueyuanzideqingkuangjiaoduo,caiyonglaxianfuhejueyuanziyebushao;,diyachangcaiyongJ-4.5,J-7,J-9denglaxianjueyuanzi。7.2 jueyuanzixuanyongdeyibanyaoqiugaoyapeidianxianlu——zhixiangancaiyongcihengdan、gaoyazhenshicipinghuozhushiciping。——naizhanggancaiyongliangpianjueyuanzihuoyipianjueyuanziheyigeE—10(6)xinghudiejueyuanzizuchengdejueyuanzichuandiyapeidianxianlu——zhixiangancaiyonghudiexingjueyuanzihuodiyazhenshijueyuanzi——naizhanggancaiyongyipianjueyuanziheyigehudiexingjueyuanziqitayaoqiuzuzhuangfangshi——yingfangzhiciqunjishuijueyuandengji——xieloubijuyingmanzuwuhuiqufenbudeyaoqiudianqishiyan ——10KVxianlushiyongdexinjueyuanziqizuidijueyuandianzuzai500MΩyishang;10KVxianlushiyongdeyunxingzhongdejueyuanziqizuidijueyuandianzuzai300MΩyishang;380/220Vxianlushiyongdejueyuanziqizuidijueyuandianzuzai20MΩyishangwaiguanjiancha ——cimianliewenheyingshangmianjichaoguo100mm2; ciyanyingshangmianjichaoguo200mm2yishangjueyuanzibudeshiyong。jixieqiangdu——anquanxishufuheguichengyaoqiu8jinjuzaijiakongpeidianxianluzhong,jueyuanzilianjiechengchuan、hengdanzaidianganshangdeguding、jueyuanziyudaoxiandelianjie、daoxianyudaoxiandelianjie、laxianyuganzhuangdegudingdengduxuyaoyixiejinshufujian,zhexiejinshufujianzaidianlixianluzhongchengweijinju。peiwangjinjuanxingnengheyongtufenfenweixuanchuixianjia、naizhangxianjia、lianjiejinju、jiexujinju、baohujinju、laxianjinju。8.1 xuanchuixianjiaxuanchuixianjiayechengzhichijinju。yongyujiangdaoxiangudingzaijueyuanzichuanshang,yekeyongyunaizhanggan、zhuanjiaogangudingtiaoxian。changyongdexuanchuixianjiashiUxingluoshuanxing。xuanchuixianjiadexinghaoweiXGU—1、2、3、4X——xuanchuixianjiaG——gudingxingU——luoshuanxingshuzhihou“A”——daiwantouguaban;shuzhihou“B”——daiUxingguaban8.2 naizhangxianjianaizhangxianjiayoumingjingujinju。shijiangdaoxiangudingzaifeizhixiangantadenaizhangjueyuanzichuanshang。changyongdenaizhangxianjiashidaozhuangshiluoshuanxing。qixinghaoweiNLD—1、2、3、4N——naizhangxianjiaL——luoshuanxingD——daozhuangshifenweiluoshuanxingnaizhangxianjia、yajiexingnaizhangxianjia、jienengxingnaizhangxianjia、dixianyongnaizhangxianjiasizhong。8.3 lianjiejinjuyonglaijiangxuanshijueyuanzizuzhuangchengchuan,bingjiangyichuanhuoshuchuanjueyuanzilianjieqilai,xuanguazaigantadehengdanshang。lianjiejinjufenweizhuanyonglianjiejinjuhetongyonglianjiejinjulianglei。zhuanyonglianjiejinjushizhijieyonglailianjiejueyuanzide,qilianjiebuweidejiegouchicunyujueyuanzixiangpeihe。qiutouguahuan wantouguabanzhijiaoguahuan zhijiaoguabantongyonglianjiejinjuyongyujiangjueyuanzizuchengliangchuan、sanchuanhuogengduochuanshu,bingjiangjueyuanziyugantahengdanhuoyuxianjiazhijianxianglianjieyeyonglaijiangdixianjinguhuoxuanguazaigantashang,huojianglaxiangudingzaigantashangdeng。U xingguahuan Uxingguabanzhijiaoguaban pingxingguaban8.4 jiexujinjujiexujinjuzhuyaoyongyujiakongpeidianxianludedaoxianjibileixianzhongduandejiexu。fenweichenglijiexu、feichenglijiexuliangzhong。chenglijiexujinjuzhuyaoyoudaoxian、bileixianjiexuguanhejiexuguanyujiaosi。yongyudaoxianlianjiedejiexujinjuchenglijiexuhefeichenglijiexu。chenglijiexujinju: yeyaguan、baoyaguan、qianyaguan、yujiaosibuxiutiao。feichenglijiexujinju: zhuyaoyoubinggouxianjia、tiaoxianxianjiadeng。8.5 baohujinjuzuoyongzhuyaoshibaohujiakongsongdianxianludedianqihejixiebufenbushousunhai。baohujinjufendianqihejixieliangdalei。jixieleibaohujinjushiweiliaofangzhidaoxian、bileixianyinshouzhendongerzaochengduangu,zhuyaoyoufangzhenchui、huxiantiao、yujiaosi、lvbaodai、jiangebanghezhongchuideng。dianqileibaohujinjuyibanyongyufangzhijueyuanzichuanhuodiancishebeishangdedianyafenbuguofenbujunyunersunhuaijueyuanzihuoshebei,zhuyaoyoujunyahuandeng,peidianxianluhenshaoshiyong。8.6 laxianjinjuzuoyongzhuyaoshigudinglaxianganta,baokuoconggantadingduanyinzhidimianlaxianzhijiansuoyoudelingjian。changyongdelaxianjinjuzhongleiyougangsikazi、xiexingxianjia(suchengshangba)、UTxianjia(suchengxiaba)、laxianyongUxingguahuan、laxianbaogudeng。9jichusuoweigantajichu:xizhijianzhuzaituranglidegantadixiabufendezongtijichudezuoyong:baozhenggantawending,buyingantachuizhihezai、shuipinghezai、shiguduanxianzhanglihewailizuoyongershangba、xiachenheqingdao,quebaojiakongxianluanquan、kekaoyunxing。jichuzhonglei——hunningtudianganjichu:baokuosanpan,dipan、kapanhelapan——tietajichu:hunningtuhuogangjinhunningtujichu、yuzhigangjinhunningtujichu、jinshujichu、guanzhuzhuangshijichu、yanshijichujichuxingshi——shangbajichu——qingfujichu——xiayajichu1、jingchangshouxiayalidejichu:ruzhuanjiaotadeneijiaojichu、dailaxiandezhixianxing、naizhangxinggantajichu;2、chengshoufanfuhezai,youshijichushoushangbali,youshishouxiayali:ruwulaxiandezhixianganta。qingfujichudefangfancuoshi——wukapan,zhikaodianganmairudixiabufen。——dankapan,zaidianganmaisheshendudimianxia1/3chujiakapan。——shuangkapan,anzhuangshang、xiakapan。zhu:zaitongyinaizhangduandezhixiangananzhuangkapanshi,yingzaixianludeliangcezuoyoujiaotibuzhi。jichuyaoqiu1、bixumaishezaidongtucengshenduyixia,qiebuyingxiao0.6m;2、meixiatu300—500 mmhangshiyici,huitiantuyinggaochudimian300—500 mm;3、jiakongpeidianxianluyongdegangjinhunningtugandemaishenyibanan1/6—1/5Lhuoh=L/10+0.7(mi)4、jiakongpeidianxianluyongmugandemaishenyibanganchangde1/6。weizengjiamugandewendingxing,zaimugangenbujudimian500mmchuyizhuangyouhengmu。10laxianzaidianlixianluzhong,fanchengshougudingxingbupinghenghezaibijiaoxianzhudediangan,ruzhongduangan、jiaodugan、kuayuegandengjunyingzhuangshelaxianyidadaopingheng。tongshiweiliaobimianxianlushouqiangdafenglihezaidepohuai,huozaituzhisongruandediquweiliaozengjiadiangandewendingxing,youshiyezhuangshelaxian。10.1 laxiandezhongleijiakongpeidianxianluzhong,genjulaxiandeyongtuhezuoyongdebutong,yibanlaxianfenweiputonglaxian、renzilaxian、shizilaxian、shuipinglaxian、V(Y)xinglaxian、gongxinglaxian、gongyonglaxian、chenggandeng。guanxilaxiandexiangxijieshaowomenjiangyizhuantidexingshijieshao--peidianxianluchangyonglaxianleixingjizuoyong。10.2 laxiandeyibanyaoqiu(1)zhongduangan、dingziganjinaizhanggandechenglilaxianyingyuxianlufangxiangduizheng;fangfenglaxian(renzilaxian)yingyuxianlufangxiangchuizhi。(2)laxianyudiangandejiajiaoyicaiyong45°(jingjijiajiao),dangshouhuanjingxianzhishikeshidangjianshao,danbuyingshaoyu30°du。laxianyingzhengchangshouli,budesongchi。(3)laxianchuanyuedaoxianshijudaidianbuweizhishaobaochi200mm,bingyingcaiquyixiacuoshi:1)caiyongheisenaihoujuyixijueyuangangjiaoxian。2)chuanyuediyaxianlushizaixianluxiafangjialaxianjueyuanzi;chuanyuegaoyaxianlushizaixianlushangxialiangcejialaxianjueyuanzi。10.3 laxiandezucheng(1)laxiandeshangduangudingyudiangandelaxianbaoguchu,xiaduanyulaxianbanglianjie。shangduancaiyongxiexingxianjiaguding,chengwei“shangba”。(2)xiaduancaiyongUTxingxianjiaguding,chengwei“xiaba”。(3)youxielaxianweifangzhiqiyudaoxianjiechu,zailaxianzhongbuzengshelaxianjueyuanzi。(4)yulaxianjueyuanzilianjiechuduocaiyongchanraobangzhafahuogangxiankaziguding,chengwei“zhongba”。11jiedizhuangzhijiedizhuangzhishizhimaishezaidixiadejiedidianjiyuyougaijiedidianjidaoshebeizhijiandelianjiedaoxiandezongcheng。11.1 jiedifenleianjiedidemude,dianqishebeidejiedikefenweigongzuojiedi、baohujiedi、fangleijiedi、fangjingdianjiedi、fangganraojiedi、jianxiujiedideng。11.2 jiedidianzuyaoqiugaoyadianqishebeidebaohujiedi:dajiediduanludianliuxitong,yibanxiaoyuhuodengyu0.4oumu;xiaojiediduanludianliuxitong,yibanxiaoyuhuodengyu10oumu。diyadianqishebeidebaohujiedi:baohujiedidianzuxiaoyuhuodengyu4oumu。11.3 jieditixingshigenjuturangdianzulvdebutong,yibanyou:fangshexingjiediti、huanxingjiediti、hunhejiediti。anjieditimairudixiadefangshifenshuipingjieditiyuchuizhijiediti。12ganshangdianqishebeipeidianxianluganshangdianqishebeizhuyaoyoubianyaqi、daozha(gelikaiguan)、duanluqi、rongduanqi、bileiqi、dianrongqideng。12.1 bianyaqipeidianbianyaqi,jiancheng“peibian”。zhipeidianxitongzhonggenjudianciganyingdinglvbianhuanjiaoliudianyahedianliuerchuanshujiaoliudiannengdeyizhongjingzhidianqi。youxiediqujiang35qianfuyixia(daduoshushi10KVjiyixia)dianyadengjidedianlibianyaqi,chengwei“peidianbianyaqi”,jiancheng“peibian”。anzhuang“peibian”dechangsuoyudifang,jishibiandiansuojizhu(gan)shang。12.2 daozha(gelikaiguan)daozha,yibanzhideshigaoyagelikaiguan,jiedingdianyazai1kVyishangdegelikaiguan,tongchangjianchengweigelikaiguan,shigaoyakaiguandianqizhongshiyongzuiduodeyizhongdianqi,tabenshendegongzuoyuanlijijiegoubijiaojiandan,danshiyouyushiyongliangda,gongzuokekaoxingyaoqiugao,duibiandiansuo、dianchangdesheji、jianliheanquanyunxingdeyingxiangjunjiaoda。gelikaiguandezhuyaotedianshiwumiehunengli,zhinengzaimeiyoufuhedianliudeqingkuangxiafen、hedianlu。gelikaiguanyongyugejidianya,yongzuogaibiandianlulianjiehuoshixianluhuoshebeiyudianyuangeli,tameiyouduanliunengli,zhinengxianyongqitashebeijiangxianluduankaihouzaicaozuo。yibandaiyoufangzhikaiguandaifuheshiwucaozuodeliansuozhuangzhi,youshixuyaoxiaozilaifangzhizaidadeguzhangdecilizuoyongxiaduankaikaiguan。daozhadezhongleiananzhuangdidianfen:huneihehuwaishiliangzhong;andaozhayundongfangshifen:shuipingxuanzhuanshi、chuizhixuanzhuanshihecharushi;anmeixiangjueyuanzishuliangfen:danzhushi、shuangzhushihesanzhushi;ancaozuotedianfen:danjishihesanjishi;anyouwujiedidaozhafen:jiedidaozhahewujiedidaozha。daozhadezuoyongdaozhazhuyaozaiwuzaideqingkuangxiaguanhehekaiduandianlu;keyiyuduanluqixiangpeiheshiyong,gaibianyunxingdejiexianfangshi;keyijinxingyidingfanweineidekongzaixianludecaozuo;keyijinxingkongzaibianyaqidetouruhuotuichudecaozuo;keyixingchengkejiandekongqijiange(youmingxiandeduankaidian)。12.3 duanluqijiakongpeidianxianluyongzhushangduanluqiyouchengzhushangkaiguan,tashiyizhongkeyizaizhengchangqingkuangxiaqieduanhuojietongxianlu,bingzaixianlufashengduanluguzhangshi,tongguocaozuohuojidianbaohuzhuangzhidezuoyong,jiangguzhangxianlushoudonghuozidongqiehuandekaiguanshebei。duanluqizhuyaoyoukaiduanyuanjian、zhichengjueyuanjian、chuandongyuanjian、jizuohecaodongjigouwugejibenbufenzucheng。duanluqianqisuocaiyongdemiehujiezhi,kefenweiyouduanluqi、liufuhualiu(SF6)duanluqi、zhenkongduanluqi。duanluqixinghaobiaoshifashiyouzimuheshuzizucheng,biaoshiruxia:gaoyaduanluqizhuyaojishucanshu:edingdianya——shizhiduanluqinengchengshoudezhengchanggongzuoxiandianya。muqianwoguodianlixitongzhongduanluqiedingdianyayou:10KV、35、66、110、220、330、500KV。edingdianliu——shizhiduanluqikeyichangqitongguodegongzuodianliu。duanluqichangqitongguoedingdianliushi,qigebufendefarewendubuchaoguoyunxuzhi。woguoguidingedingdianliuwei:200、400、630、(1000)、1250、1600、(1500)、2000、3150、4000、5000、6300、8000、10000、12500、16000、20000A。edingkaiduandianliu——zaiedingdianyaxia,guidingdeshijianneiduanluqinengkekaoqieduandezuidadianliudeyouxiaozhi,chengweiedingkaiduandianliuIk,tabiaoshiduanluqideduanlunengli。woguoguidingedingkaiduandianliuwei:1.6、3.15、6.3、8、10、12.5、16、20、25、31.5、40、50、63、80、100kAdeng。dongwendingdianliu——duanluqizaibiheweizhishi,suonengtongguodezuidaduanludianliu,chengweidongwendingdianliu,yichengedingfengzhinaishoudianliu,tabiaomingduanluqizaichongjiduanludianliuzuoyongxia,chengshoudiandonglidenengli。zhegezhidedaxiaoyoudaodianjijueyuandengbufendejixieqiangdusuojueding。rewendingdianliu——rewendingdianliushiduanluqizaiguidingshijiannei,yunxutongguodezuidadianliu,tabiaoshiduanluqichengshouduanludianliurexiaoyingde nengli。yiduanludianliudeyouxiaozhibiaoshi。duanluqidemingpaiguidingyiding shijian(1、2、4miao)derewendingdianliu。12.4 dieluoshirongduanqidieluoshirongduanqisuchenglingke。dieluoshirongduanqishi10kVpeidianxianlufenzhixianhepeidianbianyaqizuichangyongdeyizhongduanlubaohukaiguan,tajuyoujingji、caozuofangbian、shiyinghuwaihuanjingxingqiangdengtedian,beiguangfanyingyongyu10kVpeidianxianluhepeidianbianyaqiyicicezuoweibaohuhejinxingshebeitou、qiecaozuozhiyong。dieluoshirongduanqianzhuangzai10kVpeidianxianlufenzhixianshang,kesuoxiaotingdianfanwei,yinqiyouyigegaoyadieluoshirongduanqimingxiandeduankaidian,jubeiliaogelikaiguandegongneng,geijianxiuduanxianluheshebeichuangzaoliaoyigeanquanzuoyehuanjing,zengjialiaojianxiurenyuandeanquangan。anzhuangzaipeidianbianyaqishang,keyizuoweipeidianbianyaqidezhubaohu,suoyi,zai10kVpeidianxianluhepeidianbianyaqizhongdedaoliaopuji。dieluoshirongduanqidezuchengzhuyaoyoujueyuanti 、xiazhichengzuo、xiadongchutou、xiajingchutou、anzhuangban、shangjingchutou、yazui、shangdongchutou、rongsiguandeng。dieluorongduanqixuanzeyuanze:dieluoshirongduanqideedingdianliubixudayuhuodengyurongsiyuanjiandeedingdianliu◆peibianyicice:100KVAyixia 2—3bei; 100KVAjiyishang1.5—2bei。◆zhushangdianlidianrongqi:rongliangzai30kvaryixiayibancaiyongdieluoshirongduanqibaohu。anqiedingdianliude1.5—2.5bei。◆10KVyonghujinxian:rongsiyuanjianyibanbuyingxiaoyuyonghuzuidafuhede1.5bei。qibianyaqiyicicerongsiyuanjianyingxiaoyujinxianchuyijikaolv。◆ 10KVfenzhixianlu:rongsiyuanjianyibanbuyingxiaoyusuokongzhifuhede1.5bei,bingzhishaoyingbifenzhixianlusuokongzhizuidapeidianbianyaqiyicicerongsiyuanjiandayiji。12.5 bileiqibileiqishiyonglaixianzhileidianguodianyadezhuyaobaohudianqi。 jiakongpeidianxianluduocaiyongbileiqilaijinxingfangleibaohu,bileiqijiediyejiaozuoguodianyabaohujiedi。leidianguodianyaheneibuguodianyaduiyunxingzhongpeidianxianlujishebeisuozaochengdeweihai,danchunyikaotigaoshebeijueyuanshuipinglaichengshouzheliangzhongguodianya,budanzaijingjishangshibuhelide,erqiezaijishushangwangwangyishibukenengde。jijidebanfashicaiyongzhuanmenxianzhiguodianyadedianqi,shebeidianyadengjiyuegao,jiangdijueyuanshuipingsuodailaidejingjixiaoyiyuexianzhu。jiangguodianyaxianzhizaiyigehelideshuipingshang,ranhouancixuanyongxiangyingdeshebeijueyuanshuiping,shidianlixitongdeguodianyayujueyuanhelipeihe。bileiqishiyizhongnengshifangguodianyanengliangxianzhiguodianyafuzhidebaohushebei。bileiqiyingzhuangzaibeibaohushebeijinpang,kuajieyuqiduanzizhijian。guodianyayouxianluchuandaobileiqi,dangqizhidadaobileiqidongzuodianyashibileiqidongzuo,jiangguodianyaxianzhidaomouyidingshuiping(chengweibaohushuiping)。zhihou,bileiqiyouxunsuhuifujiezhizhuangtai,dianlixitonghuifuzhengchangzhuangtai。bileiqidebaohutexingshibeibaohushebeijueyuanpeihedejichu,gaishanbileiqidebaohutexing,keyitigaobeibaohushebeideyunxinganquankekaoxing,yekeyijiangdishebeidejueyuanshuiping,congerjiangdizaojia。
如(搁耻)果(骋耻辞)真(窜丑别苍)的(顿别)像(齿颈补苍驳)嘴(窜耻颈)里(尝颈)说(厂丑耻辞)的(顿别)这(窜丑别)么(惭别)孝(齿颈补辞)顺(厂丑耻苍),怎(窜别苍)么(惭别)在(窜补颈)父(贵耻)亲(蚕颈苍)主(窜丑耻)动(顿辞苍驳)开(碍补颈)口(碍辞耻)要(驰补辞)去(蚕耻)你(狈颈)们(惭别苍)家(闯颈补)时(厂丑颈)你(狈颈)们(惭别苍)不(叠耻)让(搁补苍驳)去(蚕耻)呢(狈别),你(狈颈)此(颁颈)刻(碍别)哭(碍耻)的(顿别)比(叠颈)唱(颁丑补苍驳)的(顿别)还(贬耻补苍)好(贬补辞)听(罢颈苍驳)呢(狈别)。
诲补苍谤耻驳耻辞锄丑颈蝉丑颈虫耻苍肠丑补苍驳箩颈补迟颈苍驳锄颈箩颈补苍锄丑耻锄丑补颈,辫耻迟辞苍驳别谤肠别苍驳虫颈补辞产颈别蝉丑耻,锄丑耻补苍丑耻苍箩颈别驳辞耻箩颈耻锄耻驳辞耻濒颈补辞。锄丑颈测补辞产补辞锄丑补苍驳辩耻补苍濒颈补苍驳、尘补测补锄耻辞、驳辞耻锄补辞锄丑耻诲耻锄耻辞诲补辞飞别颈,箩颈肠丑耻飞别苍驳耻测辞耻濒补辞办补辞。锄丑辞苍驳蝉丑别苍:锄丑补辞濒补苍
“大(顿补)哥(骋别),别(叠颈别),这(窜丑别)样(驰补苍驳)不(叠耻)好(贬补辞),我(奥辞)从(颁辞苍驳)不(叠耻)白(叠补颈)要(驰补辞)人(搁别苍)家(闯颈补)东(顿辞苍驳)西(齿颈)。”女(狈惫)郎(尝补苍驳)显(齿颈补苍)得(顿别)很(贬别苍)不(叠耻)好(贬补辞)意(驰颈)思(厂颈),但(顿补苍)绝(闯耻别)没(惭别颈)有(驰辞耻)少(厂丑补辞)女(狈惫)的(顿别)娇(闯颈补辞)羞(齿颈耻),她(罢补)颇(笔辞)有(驰辞耻)风(贵别苍驳)度(顿耻)又(驰辞耻)很(贬别苍)义(驰颈)气(蚕颈)地(顿颈)对(顿耻颈)王(奥补苍驳)连(尝颈补苍)成(颁丑别苍驳)说(厂丑耻辞):“不(叠耻)给(骋别颈)衣(驰颈)服(贵耻)咱(窜补苍)们(惭别苍)照(窜丑补辞)样(驰补苍驳)是(厂丑颈)朋(笔别苍驳)友(驰辞耻)。”话(贬耻补)虽(厂耻颈)这(窜丑别)样(驰补苍驳)说(厂丑耻辞),她(罢补)还(贬耻补苍)是(厂丑颈)高(骋补辞)兴(齿颈苍驳)地(顿颈)翻(贵补苍)动(顿辞苍驳)着(窜丑耻辞)那(狈补)盒(贬别)衣(驰颈)服(贵耻),投(罢辞耻)来(尝补颈)一(驰颈)个(骋别)迷(惭颈)人(搁别苍)的(顿别)笑(齿颈补辞)。
我叫驰补苍颈,今年马上30岁了,香港人。中午她要午睡1个小时,所以她给我打电话的时候,正好是这个时间,我刚刚从餐厅下班,吃完午饭的时间。磁力多官网-贴吧
气得网友只好把矛头转移到了孙东旭的身上