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近日，东昌府区育红小学五（1）中队的孩子们上了一节特殊的数学课—宋新珠老师退休前的最后一堂课。“人生六十一甲子，躬耕教坛志不渝。”宋老师从教数十载，心怀对教育的炽热之情，勤勉耕耘，到今年的八月份，宋老师也将光荣退休。
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干货 | 600个质量管理常用术语中英文对照2019-09-16 11:57·管理与质量质量管理体系术语【1】receipt （入厂）接受验收进货handling 搬运packaging 包装storage 保存protection 保护comparison 比较identification 标识replacement of identification mark 标识标志更换maintenance of identification 标识的保持records of identification control 标识控制记录【2】tender 标书normative document 标准文件supplemental 补充nonconforming product 不合格品control of nonconforming product不合格品控制control procedure of nonconforming products 不合格品控制程序tendency of nonconformance 不合格倾向purchasing 采购verification of purchased product采购的产物验证purchasing process 采购过程【3】purchasing control procedure采购控制程序purchasing information 采购信息reference standard 参照标准reference instructions 参照细则stockhouse 仓库measurement, analysis and improvement 测量分析和改进measurement result 测量结果control procedure of monitoring and measuring devices测量设备控制程序planning 策划preservation of product 产物保护【4】control procedure for maintenance, replacement and records of product identification产物标识的保持, 更换及记录控制程序procedure for product identification and traceability 产物标识和可追溯性程序conformity of product 产物的符合性monitoring and measurement of product 产物的监督和测量product plan 产物方案control procedure for product preservation 产物防护控制程序method of product release 产物放行方法conformity of product,product conformity 产物符合性product realization 产物实现planning of product realization产物实现策划【5】product characteristics 产物特性input to product requirements产物要求的输入product status 产物状态final acceptance of product 产物最后验收procedure 程序program documents 程序文件continual improvement 持续改进procedure for continual improvement of quality management system持续改进质量体系程序adequacy 充分性storage location 存放地点【6】agency personnel 代理人员submission of tenders 递交标书adjustment 调整调节statutory and regulatory requirements法律法规要求rework, vt 返工repair, vt 返修subcontractor 分承包方annex 附录improvement 改进mprovement actions 改进措施【7】on-the-job training 岗位技能培训responsibility of individual department and post 各部门, 各岗位职责change identification 更改标记change order number 更改单编号process sheets 工艺单process specification 工艺规程procedure(process card) 工艺规程(工艺卡)process characteristics 工艺特性Job Deion Format 工种描述单work environment 工作环境【8】impartiality 公正性functional requirements 功能要求supplier 供方supplier evaluation procedure供方评价程序supplier provided special processes供方提供的特殊过程verification at supplier's premises供方现场验证supply chain 供应链criteria for supplier selection, evaluation and re-evaluation供应商选择、评估和再评估准则communication 沟通customer 顾客【9】customer property 顾客财产control procedure for customer property 顾客财产控制程序customer feedback 顾客反馈customer Service Contact Form顾客服务联系表customer cummunications 顾客沟通customer satisfaction 顾客满意statistical analysis of customer satisfaction 顾客满意度统计分析customer complaint 顾客投诉identificaion of customer requirements顾客要求的识别management review 管理评审【10】records from management review管理评审记录management review control procedure管理评审控制程序management representative 管理者代表management responsibility 管理职责specified limits of acceptability规定的可接受界限specified use 规定的用途process 过程complexity of processes 过程的复杂性monitoring and measurement of processes 过程的监视和测量operation of process 过程的运行【11】status of processes 过程的状态process approach 过程方法process controls 过程控制process control documents 过程控制文件process performance 过程业绩appropriateness 合适性changes to contractor 合同的更改contract review control procedure合同评审控制程序internet sales 互联网销售environmental conditions 环境条件【12】monogram pragram requirements会标纲要要求type of activities 活动类型infrastructure 基础建设infrastructure 基础设施fundamentals and vocabulary 基础与词汇control of records 记录控制technical specificaion 技术规范process trace sheet 加工跟踪单monitoring and measurement 监视和测量monitoring and measuring device 监视和测量装置【13】control of monitoring and measuring devices 监视和测量装置控制check method 检查方法frequency of checks 检查频次calibration status 检定状态inspection and test control procedure检验和试验控制程序identification procedure for inspection and test status 检验和试验状态标识程序inspection witness point 检验见证点inspection hold point 检验停止点buildings 建筑物delivery 交付【14】post-delivery activities 交付后的活动delivery activities 交付活动interface 接口acceptance of contract or orders接受合同或定单type of medium 介质类型experience 经验correction action 纠正措施corrective action response time纠正措施答复时间纠正措施响应时间management procedure for corrective actions 纠正措施管理程序corrective action response times纠正措施响应时间【15】development activity 开发活动traceability mark 可追溯性标志objectivity 客观性customer Service Log 客户服务记录簿control feature 控制特性控制细节control features 控制细则periodic assessment of stock库存定期评估justification 理由routine 例程惯例常规internal communication 内部沟通【16】internal audit 内部审核internal audit procedure 内部审核程序internally controlled standard 内控标准internal audit 内审results of internal and external audits内外部审核结果competence 能力training 培训training needs 培训需要evaluate 评价records of the results of the review评审结果的记录【17】review output 评审输出review input 评审输入Purchase Requisition 请购单authority 权限validation 确认concession 让步human resources 人力资源job training of personnel 人员岗位培训qualification of personnel 人员资格equipment control procedure设备控制程序【18】device type 设备类型order of design changes 设计更改通知单design and development control procedure 设计和开发控制程序design and development 设计开发design and development planning设计开发策划control of design and development changes设计开发更改控制design and development review设计开发评审design and development validation设计开发确认design and development outputs设计开发输出design and development inputs设计开发输入【19】design and development verification设计开发验证design validation 设计确认design documentation 设计文件编制design acceptance criteria 设计验收准则design verification 设计验证audit program 审核大纲conduct of audits 审核行为audit criteria 审核准则production process control 生产过程控制production process control procedure生产过程控制程序【20】production and service provision生产和服务提供control of production and service provision 生产和服务提供的控制validation of processes for production and service provision生产和服务提供过程的确认production order 生产令identification and traceability识别和可追溯性identification and traceability maintenance and replacement识别和可追溯性维护与替换invalidate 使失效market survey 市场调研suitability 适宜性scope 适用范围【21】controlled condition 受控状态terms and definitions 术语与定义analysis of data 数据分析sequence 顺序transfer of ownership 所有权转移system document 体系文件statistical technique 统计方法outsource(vt) a process 外包过程external source 外部来源documents of external origin 外来文件【22】outsource, vt 外协unique identification 唯一的标识maintenance 维护document Change Control 文件更改控制request For Document Change (RDC)文件更改需求单control of documents 文件控制documentation requirements 文件要求enquiry 问询询价field nonconformity analysis现场不符合分析relevance 相关性【23】interaction 相互作用detail design 详细设计详图设计零件设计施工设计sales department 销售部sales contract 销售合同checklist 校验表一览表检查一览表calibration 校准submission of action plans行动计划的递交documented procedures 形成文件的程序documented statement 形成文件的声明performance requirements 性能要求【24】licensee responsibilities许可证持有者责任acceptance criteria 验收准则verification arrangement 验证安排verification results 验证结果customer focus以客户为关注点以客户为焦点awareness 意识introduction 引言概述介绍normative references 引用标准application 应用visit to user 用户访问【25】review of requirements related to the product 有关产物的要求评审competent 有能力的effectiveness 有效性determination of requirements related to the product 与产物有关的要求的确定customer-related processes与顾客有关的过程preventive action 预防措施management procedure for preventive actions 预防措施管理程序planned results 预期的结果intended use 预期的用途procedure for competence, knowledge and training of personnel 员工能力, 知识和培训程序【26】personnel training procedure员工培训程序supporting services 支持性服务functions 职能部门responsibility 职责assignment of responsibility 职责分工workmanship 制造工艺manufacturing acceptance criteria制造验收准则quality policy 质量方针quality programs 质量纲领quality management system 质量管理体系【27】quality management system planning质量管理体系策划performance of the quality management system 质量管理体系业绩quality plan 质量计划quality records 质量记录quality objectives 质量目标quality audit 质量审核quality manual 质量手册quality problem handling form质量问题处理单quality requirements 质量要求allocation table of quality responsibilities 质量职能分配表【28】resource management 资源管理allocation of resources 资源配置general requirements 总要求一般要求constituent part 组成部件organization 组织continual improvement of the organization 组织的持续改进size of organization 组织的规模organizational Diagram 组织机构图final acceptance 最终验收work instructions 作业指导书质量管理术语英文缩写【29】PDCA：Plan、Do、Check、Action；策划、实施、检查、处置PPAP：Production Part Approval Process；生产件批准程序APQP：Advanced Product Quality Planning；产物质量先期策划FMEA：Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 潜在失效模式及后果分析SPC：Statistical Process Control 统计过程控制MSA：Measurement System Analysis 测量系统控制CP：Control Plan 控制计划QSA：Quality System Assessment 质量体系评定PPM：Parts Per Million 每百万零件不合格数QM：Quality Manua 质量手册【30】QP：Quality Procedure 质量程序文件Quality Planning 质量策划Quality Plan 质量计划CMK：机器能力指数CPK：过程能力指数CAD：Computer-Aided Design 计算机辅助能力设计OEE：Overall Equipment Effectiveness 设备总效率QFD：Quality Function Deployment 质量功能展开FIFO：First in, First out 先进先出COPS：Customer Oriented Processes 顾客导向过程TCQ：Time、Cost、Quality 时间、成本、质量MPS：Management Processes 管理性过程【31】SPS：Support Processes 支持性过程TQM：Total Quality Management 全面质量管理PQA：Product Quality Assurance 产物质量保证（免检）QP-QC-QI：质量三步曲 质量计划－质量控制－质量改进QAF：Quality Assurance File 质量保证文件QAP：Quality Assurance Plan 质量保证计划PFC：Process Flow Chart 过程流程图QMS：Quality Management Systems 质量管理体系JIT：Just In Time 准时（交货）ERP：Enterprise Requirement Planning 公司需求计划【32】QC：Quality Control 质量控制QA：Quality Audit 质量审核Quality Assurance 质量保证IQC:In come Quality Control 进货质量控制IPQC:In Process Quality Control 过程质量控制FQC:Final Quality Control 成品质量控制OQC:Out Quality Control 出货质量控制4M1E:Man、Machine、Material、Method、Environment 人、机、料、法、环5W1H：Why、What、Who、When、Where、How 为何/做什么/谁做/时间/地点/如何做6S：Seiri、Seiton、Seiso、Seiketsu、Shitsuke、Safety 整理、整顿、清扫、清洁、素养、安全TRI值：Total Record Injury （三种）可记录工伤值SMART精明原则：Specific Measurable Achievable Result Oriented Timed具体的描述、可以测量的、可以通过努力实现的、有结果导向性的、有时间性的【33】5S : 5S管理ABC : 作业制成本制度 (Activity-Based Costing)ABB : 实施作业制预算制度 (Activity-Based Budgeting)ABM : 作业制成本管理 (Activity-Base Management)APS : 先进规画与排程系统 (Advanced Planning and Scheduling)ASP : 应用程序服务供货商（Application Service Provider）ATP : 可承诺量 (Available To Promise)AVL : 认可的供货商清单(Approved Vendor List)BOM : 物料清单 (Bill Of Material)BPR : 公司流程再造 (Business Process Reengineering)【34】BSC : 平衡记分卡 (Balanced ScoreCard)BTF : 计划生产 (Build To Forecast)BTO : 订单生产 (Build To Order)CPM : 要径法 (Critical Path Method)CPM : 每一百万个使用者会有几次抱怨(Complaint per Million)CRM : 客户关系管理 (Customer Relationship Management)CRP : 产能需求规划 (Capacity Requirements Planning)CTO : 客制化生产 (Configuration To Order)DBR : 限制驱导式排程法 (Drum-Buffer-Rope)DMT : 成熟度验证(Design Maturing Testing)【35】DVT : 设计验证(Design Verification Testing)DRP : 运销资源计划 (Distribution Resource Planning)DSS : 决策支持系统 (Decision Support System)EC : 设计变更／工程变更 (Engineer Change)EC : 电子商务 (Electronic Commerce)ECRN : 原件规格更改通知(Engineer Change Request Notice)EDI : 电子数据交换 (Electronic Data Interchange)EIS : 主管决策系统 (Executive Information System)EMC : 电磁相容(Electric Magnetic Capability)EOQ : 基本经济订购量 (Economic Order Quantity)【36】ERP : 公司资源规划 (Enterprise Resource Planning)FAE : 应用工程师(Field Application Engineer)FCST : 预估(Forecast)FMS : 弹性制造系统 (Flexible Manufacture System)FQC : 成品质量管理 (Finish or Final Quality Control)IPQC: 制程质量管理 (In-Process Quality Control)IQC : 进料质量管理 (Incoming Quality Control)ISO : 国际标准组织 (International Organization for Standardization)ISAR: 首批样品认可(Initial Sample Approval Request)JIT : 实时管理 (Just In Time)【37】KM：知识管理 (Knowledge Management)L4L : 逐批订购法 (Lot-for-Lot)LTC : 最小总成本法 (Least Total Cost)LUC : 最小单位成本 (Least Unit Cost)MES : 制造执行系统 (Manufacturing Execution System)MO : 制令(Manufacture Order)MPS : 主生产排程 (Master Production Schedule)MRO : 请修(购)单(Maintenance Repair Operation)MRP : 物料需求规划 (Material Requirement Planning)MRPII : 制造资源计划 (Manufacturing Resource Planning)【38】NFCF : 更改预估量的通知Notice for Changing ForecastOEM : 委托代工 (Original Equipment Manufacture)ODM : 委托设计与制造 (Original Design & Manufacture)OLAP : 在线分析处理 (On-Line Analytical Processing)OLTP : 在线交易处理 (On-Line Transaction Processing)OPT : 最佳生产技术 (Optimized Production Technology)OQC : 出货质量管理 (Out-going Quality Control)PDCA : PDCA管理循环 (Plan-Do-Check-Action)PDM : 产物数据管理系统 (Product Data Management)PERT : 计划评核术 (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)【39】PO : 订单(Purchase Order)POH : 预估在手量 (Product on Hand)PR : 采购申请Purchase RequestQA : 品质保证(Quality Assurance)QC : 质量管理(Quality Control)QCC : 品管圈 (Quality Control Circle)QE : 品质工程(Quality Engineering)RCCP : 粗略产能规划 (Rough Cut Capacity Planning)RMA : 退货验收Returned Material ApprovalROP : 再订购点 (Re-Order Point)【40】SCM : 供应链管理 (Supply Chain Management)SFC : 现场控制 (Shop Floor Control)SIS : 策略信息系统 (Strategic Information System)SO : 订单(Sales Order)SOR : 特殊订单需求(Special Order Request)SPC : 统计制程管制 (Statistic Process Control)TOC : 限制理论 (Theory of Constraints)TPM : 全面生产管理Total Production ManagementTQC : 全面质量管理 (Total Quality Control)TQM : 全面品质管理 (Total Quality Management)WIP : 在制品 (Work In Process)IATF16949中英文专业术语【41】CP控制计划Control PlanSP支持过程Support ProcessPPM百万分之Parts Per MillionMP管理过程Management ProcessCPK过程能力指数Process CapabilityIndexSPC统计过程控制Statistical ProcessControlCOP顾客导向过程Customer OrientedProcessMSA测量系统分析Measurement SystemsAnalysisPPAP生产件批准程序Production PartApproval ProcessAPQP产物质量先期策划Advanced ProductQuality Planning【42】FMEA潜在失效模式及后果分析FailureMode and Effects AnalysisPFMEA过程潜在失效模式及后果分析ProcessFailureMode and Effects AnalysisPPK初始过程能力指数或过程性能指数PreliminaryProcess Index或Performance ProcessIndex高级统计方法advanced statisticalmethods可数型数据 attributes data均值average认知 awareness基本的统计方法basic statistical methods二项分布binomial distribution【43】因果图cause-effect diagram中心线central line普通原因common cause连续的consecutive控制control控制图control limit(charts)质量和生产率持续改进 continualimprovement in quality and productivity累计和 cesium探测detection分布distribution【44】单值 individual位置 location平均值 mean中位数median移动极差moving range排列图praetor chart正态分布normal distribution可操作的定义operational definition泊松分布Poisson distribution预防prevention【45】解决问题problem solving过程均值process average过程能力process capability过程控制process control过程性能process performance过程分布宽度process spread随机性randomness二次方程式quadratic随机抽样random sampling极差range链run【46】合理子组rational subgroup链图run chart样本sample形状shape特殊原因special cause规范specification稳定性stability统计值statistic稳定过程stable process标准差standard deviation【47】统计控制statistical control统计过程控制statistical processcontrol子组subgroupI类错误type I errorⅡ类错误type Ⅱ error变差variation区域分析zone analysis分配 apportionment基准数据benchmark data材料清单bill of material【48】特性矩阵图characteristics matrix设计失效模式及后果分析design failuremode and effects analysis可制造性和装配设计design formanufacturability and assembly设计信息检查表 design informationchecklist设计评审design reviews设计确认design validation设计验证 design verification耐久性durability失效模式分析failure modes analysis可行性feasibility【49】改善kaizen有限元分析finite element analysis维修性maintainability包装packaging初始材料清单preliminary bill ofmaterial初始过程流程preliminary processflow chart过程失效模式及后果分析process failuremode and effects analysis仿真simulation产物保证计划product assurance plan试生产production trial run【50】质量策划认定quality planningsign-off可靠性reliability特殊特性special characteristics可靠性分配reliabilityapportionment同步工程simultaneous engineering子系统subsystem系统system小组可行性承诺team feasibilitycommitment进度计划timing plan价值工程/价值分析value engineering / value analysis【51】顾客的呼声voice of the customer过程的呼声 voice of the process控制计划control plan设计意图design intent设计寿命design life实验设计 DOE防错error /mistake proofing排列图pare to过程更改process change质量功能展开QFD【52】根本原因root cause过程特殊特性special processcharacteristic车辆召回vehiclecampaign认可的实验室accredited laboratory在用零件active part同意agreement外观项目appearance item批准approved批准的图样approved drawing批准的材料approved materials【53】批准的货源清单approved source list计数型数据attributes散装材料bulk material数学数据math data散装材料要求检查表bulk materialrequirements checklist校准calibration测绘图样checker print关键特性critical characteristic设计记录design record顾客产物批准部门customer productapproval activity【54】环境environment设计预期的稳健范围design intendedrobust range完全批准full approval量具的重复性和再现性gage repeatabilityand reproducibility首次样品initial sample初始过程研究initial process study临时批准interim sample主要设计特性key designcharacteristics标记过图样marked print主要过程特性key processcharacteristics【55】主要产物特性key product characteristics实验室laboratory实验室范围laboratory scope易损工装perishable tools测量系统分析研究measurement systemanalysis studies生产件production part零件提交保证书part submissionwarrant过程流程图process flow diagram生产环境production environment生产材料production material【56】线性linearity生产件批准提交production partapproval submission质量指数quality indices常规生产工装regular production tooling拒收rejected外部场所remote location安全特性safety characteristics可销售产物salvable production现场site自我认证供方self-certifyingsupplier【57】重要的生产过程significant production run提交等级submission level工具tool工装维修tooling maintenance偏倚bias工装重新整修tooling refurbishment确认validation保证书warrant合同contract关键控制点critical control point【58】关键限值critical limit流程图flow diagram危害hazard危害分析hazard analysis绩效performance初级生产primary production步骤step事故accident事件incident风险risk【59】职业健康安全occupational health and safety风险评价risk assessment可容许风险tolerable risk环境因素environmental环境影响environmental impact环境目标environmental objective环境表现environmental performance环境指标environmental target污染预防prevention of pollution
即使遭受太后的刁难和多次被贬入冷宫，甚至被迫剪断头发，她依然深爱着皇帝。20世纪60年代，国外学者惭肠骋丑别别研制出世界上第一台四足机器人，此后，国外研制了一批先进的四足机器人，其中最具划时代意义的当属美国波士顿动力公司的叠颈驳-顿辞驳。