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2024年12月15日，一位要求匿名的行业分析师向界面新闻指出，往多元化发展的理想要学习蔚来和小鹏，找到合作的生态伙伴，摊平经营风险和研发成本。纯电市场的选手正在往集团军方向发展：蔚来建立“换电联盟”；小鹏与大众签订战略合作协议。
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旅行社能否再建护城河2023-08-17 18:10·钱江晚报潮新闻客户端 记者 王珏近半夜12点湖山却一点睡意没有零点抢票已经成为他工作的重要内容之一身边8个手机一字排开他喊上媳妇帮着一起盯着时间终于秒数跳成零他俩飞快点下按钮然后经过一段时间的等待湖山重重地叹了一口气：德寿宫还是没有抢到票这意味着想去德寿宫的那批客人要及时地调整行程湖山对于这样的情况是早有准备的不仅仅是德寿宫像杭州科技馆、文澜阁等都是一票难求现在做旅行社太难了他感慨这种难不仅仅是在公共资源的获取上还有人才的缺失和行业的内卷都说今年暑假旅游迎来了井喷但其实这个井喷是与疫情期间的萎缩相对的湖山所在的浙江省中国旅行社集团有限公司在疫情前有600多名员工现在只剩100多人其中导游、领队只有50多人太难了他再次感慨>>>困境一消失的导游去哪了在疫情前外文导游一般800块钱一天现在差不多要1000到1500一天即使是普通的中文导游好一点的之前是500块钱一天现在也要800到1000一天湖山说导游少了价格就贵了这两年导游转行的太多这种转行不仅导致旅行社导游人才的缺失也导致了旅行社供应链的不完整很多旅游线路缺少合适的地接也会让旅行社的产物难以推进据了解疫情期间很多导游转战保险、外贸、房地产、自媒体等行业这种转行大多是不可逆的小北之前就是一名外文导游在疫情持续了一年的时候他便开始转行做外贸外文导游转行相对比较容易毕竟语言也是一技之长他说这两年做外贸收入也比较稳定没有必要再做回导游一个网名叫测辞测辞的旅游自媒体人也是从导游转做自媒体的疫情刚开始的时候也挺迷茫后来做了一些推荐旅游景点的短视频也慢慢积累了一些粉丝现在自己策划一些定制类产物也可以实现流量变现针对导游人才流失的问题浙江旅游职业学院徐辉教授说：这和原来旅行社的导游人事机制是有关系的因为旅游有淡旺季大多数旅行社不愿意培养人才他们更喜欢按照产物多寡雇佣导游这种不稳定性是导致导游人才大量流失的原因疫情期间旅游市场的萎靡只是加速了这种流失>>>困境二旅行社之间的内卷疫情的叁年对于旅行社来说是煎熬的叁年湖山在这叁年中坚持下来了他原本在入境游团队为了维持运营他们团队开始挖掘杭州本地的旅游资源寻城宋韵是他们这几年打磨的一个产物他们一直坚信疫情过去之后旅行社的市场会变好只是目前看来情况并不乐观现在旅行社的内卷太严重湖山说我们花了很大的时间与精力打造的产物也许其他的团队只要半天就可以复制据了解寻城宋韵这个产物是通过文史专家的挖掘与带队将研学与旅游合为一体的文旅体验式产物其实目前市场上很多旅行社都有相似的产物产物相似了那么竞争的便是价格湖山很无奈章艳也是一位资深的旅行社从业人员她对于目前旅游产物同质化这一现象有一些自己的看法旅行社需要多元化发展毕竟随着信息化的发展大多数的产物价格是透明的那么它就需要更多文旅融合的内容为其赋值她说：要把产物做到人无我有人有我精把旅游产物活动化把资源产物化把抽象文化具象化把私域流量活态化对于旅行社之间的内卷徐教授说：服务是竞争力的重要体现形式之一这个服务不仅仅是单一的需求的满足它是一个综合的体系他解释说包括预判客人的需求面对面服务的心理解读声音情绪的传递等最近出圈的一些网红文旅视频都是从服务去圈粉的>>>困境叁其他行业对市场的瓜分其实旅行社的内卷只是市场竞争的一小部分还有很多的竞争来自于其它行业对于文旅市场的瓜分之前冲上热搜的新东方进军文旅行业以及各电商平台涉足文旅市场都是市场的风向在这个风向下我们可以看到的是各种流量在文旅市场中实现变现宁波是南山书院的主理人前些年一直致力于做国学讲坛这几年也开始组织各种研学活动这些研学活动大多结合各地的文化特色例如河南安阳殷墟——商代文明大观研学诸佛世界——敦煌洞窟与壁画主题研学晋北研学等宁波说：读万卷书行万里路本来就是相辅相成的这两年这类学员也越来越多可以和大家一起到处走走看看也是很好的一种方式文旅自媒体人测辞测辞说：我打造的是本地人的生活旅游城市地道的生活体验其实就是以前地接的活不需要通过旅行社成本自然就会降低就像湖山所说的：目前旅行社没有护城河是最大的困境好像只要有流量谁都可以来做这个工作>>>解决如何重建护城河虽然对于前景有一些迷茫湖山还是想坚守在旅行社的阵地上我有几十年的实践经验遇到事情处理起来肯定会更加的全面他相信时间会沉淀下价值徐艳一直走在向外探索的道路上多元化的发展是她看见的旅行社发展的一个方向时代在变市场的需求也在变在这样的形势下旅行社要主动的拥抱变革学会跨界吸收各个行业的营养用好互联网思维成为新型的旅行社这几年她尝试私域流量的运营将活动与旅游相结合社交文化与网红打卡相结合取得了一定的效果信息时代流量是消费的基础旅行社要用好网络平台形成自己的私域流量其实人才是最核心的资源旅行社的护城河要从人才的培养开始做起徐辉教授有近20年的旅行社工作经验从一名入境游运营者转型成旅游院校教师他说：在市场的冲击下近几年旅行社的发展走入一个恶性循环市场越萎缩越不愿意投入成本越急功近利徐辉教授回忆：在10多年前旅行社更加重视人才的培养为了培养一个好的入境游导游愿意投入高昂的成本让语种导游赴客源国实地学习与实践当然这与当时旅行社市场向好是休戚相关的现在旅游市场需求发生变化对于文旅人才的要求和培养也要发生相应的变化一方面可以结合不同专业的人才丰富团队技能赋予文旅创新的内容另一方面通过资深导游的帮带夯实导游的基本素养至于如何留住人才他说：只要集体的品牌效益大于个人效益自然会产生公司凝聚力其实重构旅行社的护城河是一个综合性的问题旅行社与个人最大的区别在于旅行社是团队作战团队作战在面对市场内卷的情况下可以快速迭代旅行社的产物不仅仅是靠导游去呈现的更要用集体平台的优势建好专家库对接好文旅资源实现品牌赋能还有就是团队服务价值的体现很多时候客人知道机+酒的价格但是他愿意付更多的钱买你的产物买的就是服务这就需要发挥好团队服务的优势尽管说到目前的旅行社市场大家都有些唏嘘但在这些建议的背后都是对于这个行业的殷切希望或许一个行业面临整体性困境的时候也是迎接机遇的时候（受访者供图）转载请注明出处
回望2003年，宁波工业基础虽然扎实，但也较早遇到了产业层次低、传统产业占比高、发展不平衡等“成长的烦恼”。彼时，“八八战略”提出加快先进制造业基地建设，为宁波制造业高质量发展指明方向。目前来看，事情的处理结果依旧停留在，黑衣男子被拘留五天，想要进行和解的状态。
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《科(Ke)学(Xue)》（20211126出(Chu)版(Ban)）一(Yi)周(Zhou)论(Lun)文(Wen)导(Dao)读(Du)2021-11-28 20:23·科(Ke)学(Xue)网(Wang)编(Bian)译(Yi)｜冯(Feng)维(Wei)维(Wei)Science, 26 NOVEMBER 2021, VOL 374, ISSUE 6571《科(Ke)学(Xue)》2021年(Nian)11月(Yue)26日(Ri)，第(Di)374卷(Juan)，6571期(Qi)物(Wu)理(Li)学(Xue)PhysicsDirect visualization of magnetic domains and moiré magnetism in twisted 2D magnets在(Zai)扭(Niu)曲(Qu)的(De)二(Er)维(Wei)磁(Ci)体(Ti)中(Zhong)磁(Ci)畴(Chou)和(He)moiré磁(Ci)性(Xing)的(De)直(Zhi)接(Jie)可(Ke)视(Shi)化(Hua)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：TIANCHENG SONG, QI-CHAO SUN, ERIC ANDERSON, CHONG WANGJIMIN QIANTAKASHI TANIGUCHI, KENJI WATANABE, MICHAEL A. MCGUIR, RAINER ST?HR, XIAODONG XU▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj7478▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)石(Shi)墨(Mo)烯(Xi)的(De)单(Dan)分(Fen)子(Zi)扭(Niu)转(Zhuan)层(Ceng)导(Dao)致(Zhi)了(Liao)许(Xu)多(Duo)不(Bu)寻(Xun)常(Chang)的(De)相(Xiang)关(Guan)状(Zhuang)态(Tai)。这(Zhe)种(Zhong)方(Fang)法(Fa)激(Ji)发(Fa)了(Liao)研(Yan)究(Jiu)人(Ren)员(Yuan)尝(Chang)试(Shi)扭(Niu)转(Zhuan)二(Er)维(Wei)磁(Ci)铁(Tie)，但(Dan)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)实(Shi)验(Yan)被(Bei)证(Zheng)明(Ming)是(Shi)一(Yi)个(Ge)艰(Jian)巨(Ju)的(De)挑(Tiao)战(Zhan)。作(Zuo)者(Zhe)用(Yong)小(Xiao)扭(Niu)曲(Qu)角(Jiao)的(De)二(Er)维(Wei)磁(Ci)铁(Tie)三(San)碘(Dian)化(Hua)铬(Ge)层(Ceng)制(Zhi)作(Zuo)了(Liao)结(Jie)构(Gou)。利(Li)用(Yong)金(Jin)刚(Gang)石(Shi)中(Zhong)的(De)氮(Dan)空(Kong)位(Wei)中(Zhong)心(Xin)作(Zuo)为(Wei)磁(Ci)强(Qiang)计(Ji)，对(Dui)扭(Niu)曲(Qu)单(Dan)层(Ceng)结(Jie)构(Gou)和(He)扭(Niu)曲(Qu)三(San)层(Ceng)结(Jie)构(Gou)的(De)磁(Ci)畴(Chou)进(Jin)行(Xing)了(Liao)成(Cheng)像(Xiang)。发(Fa)现(Xian)了(Liao)扭(Niu)曲(Qu)三(San)层(Ceng)薄(Bao)膜(Mo)的(De)铁(Tie)磁(Ci)和(He)反(Fan)铁(Tie)磁(Ci)畴(Chou)的(De)周(Zhou)期(Qi)性(Xing)模(Mo)式(Shi)。▲ AbstractTwisting monolayers of graphene with respect to each other has led to a number of unusual correlated states. This approach has inspired researchers to try their hand at twisting two-dimensional (2D) magnets, but such experiments have proven a difficult challenge. Song et al. made structures out of layers of the 2D magnet chromium triiodide with a small twist angle (see the Perspective by Lado). Using nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond as a magnetometer, the authors imaged the magnetic domains in both twisted monolayer and twisted trilayer structures. For twisted trilayers, a periodic pattern of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic domains was revealed.Floquet Hamiltonian engineering of an isolated many-body spin system孤(Gu)立(Li)多(Duo)体(Ti)自(Zi)旋(Xuan)系(Xi)统(Tong)的(De)弗(Fu)洛(Luo)奎(Kui)特(Te)哈(Ha)密(Mi)顿(Dun)工(Gong)程(Cheng)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：SEBASTIAN GEIER, NITHIWADEE THAICHAROEN, CL?MENT HAINAUT, TITUS FRANZ, ANDRE SALZINGER, XANNIKA TEBBEN, DAVID GRIMSHANDL, GERHARD Z?RN, AND MATTHIAS WEIDEM?LLER▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd9547▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)控(Kong)制(Zhi)相(Xiang)互(Hu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)是(Shi)多(Duo)体(Ti)系(Xi)统(Tong)量(Liang)子(Zi)工(Gong)程(Cheng)的(De)关(Guan)键(Jian)要(Yao)素(Su)。利(Li)用(Yong)时(Shi)间(Jian)周(Zhou)期(Qi)驱(Qu)动(Dong)，一(Yi)个(Ge)封(Feng)闭(Bi)量(Liang)子(Zi)系(Xi)统(Tong)的(De)自(Zi)然(Ran)给(Gei)定(Ding)的(De)多(Duo)体(Ti)哈(Ha)密(Mi)顿(Dun)量(Liang)可(Ke)以(Yi)转(Zhuan)化(Hua)为(Wei)一(Yi)个(Ge)表(Biao)现(Xian)出(Chu)极(Ji)大(Da)不(Bu)同(Tong)动(Dong)力(Li)学(Xue)特(Te)性(Xing)的(De)有(You)效(Xiao)目(Mu)标(Biao)哈(Ha)密(Mi)顿(Dun)量(Liang)。作(Zuo)者(Zhe)在(Zai)超(Chao)冷(Leng)的(De)原(Yuan)子(Zi)气(Qi)体(Ti)中(Zhong)用(Yong)里(Li)德(De)堡(Bao)态(Tai)代(Dai)表(Biao)的(De)自(Zi)旋(Xuan)系(Xi)统(Tong)来(Lai)演(Yan)示(Shi)弗(Fu)洛(Luo)奎(Kui)特(Te)工(Gong)程(Cheng)。通(Tong)过(Guo)应(Ying)用(Yong)一(Yi)系(Xi)列(Lie)自(Zi)旋(Xuan)操(Cao)作(Zuo)，他(Ta)们(Men)改(Gai)变(Bian)了(Liao)有(You)效(Xiao)海(Hai)森(Sen)堡(Bao)XYZ哈(Ha)密(Mi)顿(Dun)量(Liang)的(De)对(Dui)称(Cheng)性(Xing)。因(Yin)此(Ci)，总(Zong)自(Zi)旋(Xuan)的(De)松(Song)弛(Chi)行(Xing)为(Wei)被(Bei)极(Ji)大(Da)地(Di)改(Gai)变(Bian)了(Liao)。观(Guan)测(Ce)到(Dao)的(De)动(Dong)力(Li)学(Xue)可(Ke)以(Yi)用(Yong)半(Ban)经(Jing)典(Dian)模(Mo)拟(Ni)来(Lai)定(Ding)性(Xing)地(Di)捕(Bo)捉(Zhuo)。设(She)计(Ji)广(Guang)泛(Fan)的(De)哈(Ha)密(Mi)顿(Dun)量(Liang)为(Wei)在(Zai)单(Dan)一(Yi)的(De)实(Shi)验(Yan)设(She)置(Zhi)中(Zhong)实(Shi)现(Xian)非(Fei)平(Ping)衡(Heng)动(Dong)力(Li)学(Xue)的(De)量(Liang)子(Zi)模(Mo)拟(Ni)提(Ti)供(Gong)了(Liao)巨(Ju)大(Da)的(De)机(Ji)会(Hui)。▲ AbstractControlling interactions is the key element for the quantum engineering of many-body systems. Using time-periodic driving, a naturally given many-body Hamiltonian of a closed quantum system can be transformed into an effective target Hamiltonian that exhibits vastly different dynamics. We demonstrate such Floquet engineering with a system of spins represented by Rydberg states in an ultracold atomic gas. By applying a sequence of spin manipulations, we change the symmetry properties of the effective Heisenberg XYZ Hamiltonian. As a consequence, the relaxation behavior of the total spin is drastically modified. The observed dynamics can be qualitatively captured by a semiclassical simulation. Engineering a wide range of Hamiltonians opens vast opportunities for implementing quantum simulation of nonequilibrium dynamics in a single experimental setting.化(Hua)学(Xue)ChemistryAccelerated dinuclear palladium catalyst identification through unsupervised machine learning通(Tong)过(Guo)无(Wu)监(Jian)督(Du)机(Ji)器(Qi)学(Xue)习(Xi)加(Jia)速(Su)双(Shuang)核(He)钯(Zuo)催(Cui)化(Hua)剂(Ji)识(Shi)别(Bie)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：JULIAN A. HUEFFEL, THERESA SPERGER, IGNACIO FUNES-ARDOIZ, JAS S. WARD, KARI RISSANEN AND FRANZISKA SCHOENEBECK▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj0999▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)机(Ji)器(Qi)学(Xue)习(Xi)在(Zai)加(Jia)速(Su)同(Tong)质(Zhi)催(Cui)化(Hua)的(De)发(Fa)展(Zhan)方(Fang)面(Mian)具(Ju)有(You)巨(Ju)大(Da)潜(Qian)力(Li)，但(Dan)频(Pin)繁(Fan)地(Di)需(Xu)要(Yao)大(Da)量(Liang)的(De)实(Shi)验(Yan)数(Shu)据(Ju)可(Ke)能(Neng)成(Cheng)为(Wei)瓶(Ping)颈(Jing)。作(Zuo)者(Zhe)报(Bao)告(Gao)了(Liao)一(Yi)个(Ge)无(Wu)监(Jian)督(Du)机(Ji)器(Qi)学(Xue)习(Xi)工(Gong)作(Zuo)流(Liu)，只(Zhi)使(Shi)用(Yong)了(Liao)5个(Ge)实(Shi)验(Yan)数(Shu)据(Ju)点(Dian)。它(Ta)利(Li)用(Yong)了(Liao)广(Guang)义(Yi)参(Can)数(Shu)数(Shu)据(Ju)库(Ku)，并(Bing)辅(Fu)以(Yi)在(Zai)硅(Gui)数(Shu)据(Ju)采(Cai)集(Ji)和(He)聚(Ju)类(Lei)中(Zhong)针(Zhen)对(Dui)特(Te)定(Ding)问(Wen)题(Ti)的(De)数(Shu)据(Ju)库(Ku)。他(Ta)们(Men)展(Zhan)示(Shi)了(Liao)该(Gai)策(Ce)略(Lue)在(Zai)钯(Zuo)（Pd）催(Cui)化(Hua)剂(Ji)形(Xing)态(Tai)形(Xing)成(Cheng)的(De)挑(Tiao)战(Zhan)性(Xing)问(Wen)题(Ti)上(Shang)的(De)力(Li)量(Liang)，目(Mu)前(Qian)缺(Que)乏(Fa)一(Yi)个(Ge)机(Ji)械(Xie)原(Yuan)理(Li)。从(Cong)348个(Ge)配(Pei)体(Ti)的(De)总(Zong)空(Kong)间(Jian)中(Zhong)，该(Gai)算(Suan)法(Fa)预(Yu)测(Ce)并(Bing)通(Tong)过(Guo)实(Shi)验(Yan)验(Yan)证(Zheng)了(Liao)一(Yi)些(Xie)膦(Zuo)配(Pei)体(Ti)（包(Bao)括(Kuo)以(Yi)前(Qian)从(Cong)未(Wei)合(He)成(Cheng)的(De)配(Pei)体(Ti))，它(Ta)们(Men)在(Zai)更(Geng)常(Chang)见(Jian)的(De)Pd（0）和(He)Pd（II）物(Wu)种(Zhong)上(Shang)产(Chan)生(Sheng)双(Shuang)核(He)Pd（I）配(Pei)合(He)物(Wu)。▲ AbstractAlthough machine learning bears enormous potential to accelerate developments in homogeneous catalysis, the frequent need for extensive experimental data can be a bottleneck for implementation. Here, we report an unsupervised machine learning workflow that uses only five experimental data points. It makes use of generalized parameter databases that are complemented with problem-specific in silico data acquisition and clustering. We showcase the power of this strategy for the challenging problem of speciation of palladium (Pd) catalysts, for which a mechanistic rationale is currently lacking. From a total space of 348 ligands, the algorithm predicted, and we experimentally verified, a number of phosphine ligands (including previously never synthesized ones) that give dinuclear Pd(I) complexes over the more common Pd(0) and Pd(II) species.Orbiting resonances in formaldehyde reveal coupling of roaming, radical, and molecular channels甲(Jia)醛(Quan)轨(Gui)道(Dao)共(Gong)振(Zhen)揭(Jie)示(Shi)漫(Man)游(You)、自(Zi)由(You)基(Ji)和(He)分(Fen)子(Zi)通(Tong)道(Dao)的(De)耦(Zuo)合(He)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：CASEY D. FOLEY, CHANGJIAN XIE, HUA GUO, AND ARTHUR G. SUITS▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abk0634▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)漫(Man)游(You)化(Hua)学(Xue)反(Fan)应(Ying)机(Ji)制(Zhi)是(Shi)指(Zhi)受(Shou)电(Dian)分(Fen)子(Zi)对(Dui)自(Zi)由(You)基(Ji)的(De)接(Jie)近(Jin)解(Jie)离(Li)，在(Zai)较(Jiao)长(Chang)距(Ju)离(Li)重(Zhong)新(Xin)定(Ding)向(Xiang)后(Hou)发(Fa)生(Sheng)分(Fen)子(Zi)内(Nei)反(Fan)应(Ying)。令(Ling)人(Ren)惊(Jing)讶(Ya)的(De)是(Shi)，尽(Jin)管(Guan)漫(Man)游(You)事(Shi)件(Jian)具(Ju)有(You)量(Liang)子(Zi)性(Xing)质(Zhi)，但(Dan)到(Dao)目(Mu)前(Qian)为(Wei)止(Zhi)还(Huan)没(Mei)有(You)观(Guan)察(Cha)到(Dao)清(Qing)晰(Xi)的(De)漫(Man)游(You)量(Liang)子(Zi)特(Te)征(Zheng)。作(Zuo)者(Zhe)在(Zai)漫(Man)游(You)阈(Zuo)值(Zhi)附(Fu)近(Jin)发(Fa)现(Xian)了(Liao)甲(Jia)醛(Quan)光(Guang)解(Jie)离(Li)的(De)量(Liang)子(Zi)动(Dong)力(Li)学(Xue)证(Zheng)据(Ju)。这(Zhe)归(Gui)因(Yin)于(Yu)与(Yu)H+HCO（Ka = 1）相(Xiang)关(Guan)的(De)共(Gong)振(Zhen)，它(Ta)对(Dui)CO的(De)旋(Xuan)转(Zhuan)和(He)平(Ping)动(Dong)能(Neng)量(Liang)分(Fen)布(Bu)有(You)深(Shen)刻(Ke)的(De)影(Ying)响(Xiang)，并(Bing)导(Dao)致(Zhi)漫(Man)游(You)分(Fen)数(Shu)在(Zai)10厘(Li)米(Mi)- 1的(De)能(Neng)量(Liang)范(Fan)围(Wei)内(Nei)变(Bian)化(Hua)了(Liao)2倍(Bei)。漫(Man)游(You)路(Lu)径(Jing)用(Yong)于(Yu)调(Diao)节(Jie)和(He)报(Bao)道(Dao)受(Shou)激(Ji)分(Fen)子(Zi)衰(Shuai)变(Bian)成(Cheng)产(Chan)物(Wu)时(Shi)复(Fu)杂(Za)的(De)振(Zhen)动(Dong)动(Dong)力(Li)学(Xue)和(He)三(San)种(Zhong)解(Jie)离(Li)路(Lu)径(Jing)之(Zhi)间(Jian)的(De)耦(Zuo)合(He)。▲ AbstractThe roaming chemical reaction mechanism involves near-dissociation of an energized molecule to radicals that leads instead to intramolecular reaction after reorientation at long range. Surprisingly, no clear quantum signatures of roaming have been observed to date, despite the quantum nature of the roaming event. We found evidence of quantum dynamics in the photodissociation of formaldehyde near the roaming threshold. This is ascribed to resonances associated to H+HCO(Ka = 1) that have a profound impact on the CO rotational and translational energy distributions and cause the roaming fraction to vary by a factor of 2 over an energy range of 10 cm–1. The roaming pathway serves both to modulate and report on the complex vibrational dynamics and coupling among the three dissociation pathways in the excited molecule as it decays to products.地(Di)质(Zhi)和(He)生(Sheng)物(Wu)Geology & biologyGlobal response of fire activity to late Quaternary grazer extinctions野(Ye)火(Huo)对(Dui)晚(Wan)第(Di)四(Si)纪(Ji)食(Shi)草(Cao)动(Dong)物(Wu)灭(Mie)绝(Jue)的(De)全(Quan)球(Qiu)响(Xiang)应(Ying)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：ALLISON T. KARP, X J. TYLER FAITH, JENNIFER R. MARLONAND A. CARLA STAVER▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj7478▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)众(Zhong)所(Suo)周(Zhou)知(Zhi)，草(Cao)原(Yuan)食(Shi)草(Cao)动(Dong)物(Wu)通(Tong)过(Guo)消(Xiao)耗(Hao)可(Ke)能(Neng)易(Yi)燃(Ran)的(De)物(Wu)质(Zhi)，在(Zai)限(Xian)制(Zhi)野(Ye)火(Huo)方(Fang)面(Mian)发(Fa)挥(Hui)着(Zhuo)作(Zuo)用(Yong)。作(Zuo)者(Zhe)提(Ti)出(Chu)的(De)证(Zheng)据(Ju)表(Biao)明(Ming)，食(Shi)草(Cao)动(Dong)物(Wu)-火(Huo)的(De)相(Xiang)互(Hu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)在(Zai)过(Guo)去(Qu)影(Ying)响(Xiang)了(Liao)全(Quan)球(Qiu)范(Fan)围(Wei)内(Nei)的(De)火(Huo)。他(Ta)们(Men)将(Jiang)晚(Wan)第(Di)四(Si)纪(Ji)大(Da)陆(Lu)层(Ceng)面(Mian)巨(Ju)型(Xing)草(Cao)食(Shi)动(Dong)物(Wu)灭(Mie)绝(Jue)的(De)严(Yan)重(Zhong)程(Cheng)度(Du)与(Yu)草(Cao)食(Shi)生(Sheng)物(Wu)群(Qun)落(Luo)沉(Chen)积(Ji)木(Mu)炭(Tan)数(Shu)据(Ju)计(Ji)算(Suan)出(Chu)的(De)古(Gu)火(Huo)活(Huo)动(Dong)变(Bian)化(Hua)进(Jin)行(Xing)了(Liao)比(Bi)较(Jiao)。不(Bu)同(Tong)大(Da)陆(Lu)的(De)物(Wu)种(Zhong)灭(Mie)绝(Jue)程(Cheng)度(Du)不(Bu)同(Tong)，这(Zhe)种(Zhong)模(Mo)式(Shi)反(Fan)映(Ying)在(Zai)火(Huo)灾(Zai)活(Huo)动(Dong)的(De)变(Bian)化(Hua)上(Shang)。在(Zai)大(Da)型(Xing)食(Shi)草(Cao)动(Dong)物(Wu)灭(Mie)绝(Jue)最(Zui)严(Yan)重(Zhong)的(De)地(Di)方(Fang)（南(Nan)美(Mei)洲(Zhou)）和(He)灭(Mie)绝(Jue)发(Fa)生(Sheng)最(Zui)少(Shao)的(De)地(Di)方(Fang)（非(Fei)洲(Zhou)），火(Huo)灾(Zai)频(Pin)率(Lv)增(Zeng)加(Jia)最(Zui)多(Duo)。大(Da)型(Xing)食(Shi)草(Cao)动(Dong)物(Wu)在(Zai)第(Di)四(Si)纪(Ji)的(De)消(Xiao)失(Shi)极(Ji)大(Da)地(Di)改(Gai)变(Bian)了(Liao)全(Quan)球(Qiu)的(De)野(Ye)火(Huo)状(Zhuang)况(Kuang)。▲ AbstractGrassland herbivores are known to play a role in limiting wildfires by consuming potentially flammable material. Karp et al. present evidence that that herbivore-fire interactions affected fire on a global scale in the past. They compared the severity of late Quaternary continent-level megaherbivore extinctions with changes in paleofire activity calculated from sedimentary charcoal data from grassy biomes. The extent of extinctions varied between continents, and this pattern was reflected in the changes in fire activity. Fire frequency increased most where the megaherbivore extinctions were greatest (South America) and least where few extinctions occurred (Africa). This loss of large-bodied grazers in the Quaternary drastically altered global fire regimes.Adaptive evolution of flight in Morpho butterflies大(Da)闪(Shan)蝶(Die)飞(Fei)行(Xing)的(De)适(Shi)应(Ying)性(Xing)进(Jin)化(Hua)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：CAMILLE LE ROY, DARIO AMADORISAMUEL CHARBERETJAAP WINDTFLORIAN T. MUIJRES , VIOLAINE LLAURENS AND VINCENT DEBAT▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abh2620▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)森(Sen)林(Lin)通(Tong)常(Chang)是(Shi)拥(Yong)挤(Ji)和(He)复(Fu)杂(Za)的(De)，给(Gei)在(Zai)其(Qi)中(Zhong)飞(Fei)行(Xing)的(De)物(Wu)种(Zhong)带(Dai)来(Lai)了(Liao)无(Wu)数(Shu)和(He)各(Ge)种(Zhong)各(Ge)样(Yang)的(De)挑(Tiao)战(Zhan)。作(Zuo)者(Zhe)观(Guan)察(Cha)了(Liao)亚(Ya)马(Ma)逊(Xun)大(Da)闪(Shan)蝶(Die)群(Qun)体(Ti)，发(Fa)现(Xian)在(Zai)形(Xing)态(Tai)和(He)行(Xing)为(Wei)方(Fang)面(Mian)，占(Zhan)据(Ju)冠(Guan)层(Ceng)的(De)物(Wu)种(Zhong)与(Yu)占(Zhan)据(Ju)林(Lin)下(Xia)植(Zhi)被(Bei)的(De)物(Wu)种(Zhong)存(Cun)在(Zai)差(Cha)异(Yi)。那(Na)些(Xie)进(Jin)化(Hua)到(Dao)占(Zhan)据(Ju)冠(Guan)层(Ceng)的(De)物(Wu)种(Zhong)，由(You)于(Yu)翅(Chi)膀(Bang)形(Xing)状(Zhuang)和(He)飞(Fei)行(Xing)行(Xing)为(Wei)的(De)结(Jie)合(He)，它(Ta)们(Men)的(De)滑(Hua)翔(Xiang)能(Neng)力(Li)有(You)所(Suo)提(Ti)高(Gao)。这(Zhe)些(Xie)特(Te)征(Zheng)的(De)组(Zu)合(He)在(Zai)不(Bu)同(Tong)的(De)物(Wu)种(Zhong)中(Zhong)是(Shi)不(Bu)同(Tong)的(De)，甚(Shen)至(Zhi)在(Zai)这(Zhe)个(Ge)单(Dan)一(Yi)的(De)属(Shu)中(Zhong)，这(Zhe)表(Biao)明(Ming)没(Mei)有(You)一(Yi)条(Tiao)路(Lu)径(Jing)导(Dao)致(Zhi)了(Liao)这(Zhe)片(Pian)森(Sen)林(Lin)的(De)殖(Zhi)民(Min)。▲ AbstractForests are often crowded and complex, presenting numerous and varied challenges for species flying through them. Le Roy et al. looked at the Amazonian Morpho butterfly group and found differences in both morphological and behavioral perspectives across species that occupy the canopy relative the understory. Species that evolved to occupy the canopy have improved gliding abilities because of a combination of wing shape and flight behavior. The combination of these traits varied across species even within this single genus, which suggests that there was not one route that led to colonization of this part of the forest.
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半边鱼是来自正宗罗氏的家常特色菜，开了有20年的时间，主打菜“半边鱼”在龙泉颇有名气。因怕客人吃不完浪费，于是就只做半条而得名“半边鱼”。它是草鱼为主要食材，先油炸制表皮酥脆，再佐以豆瓣青椒红烧而成。吃起来肉质细嫩，味道鲜美浓郁，非常下饭。除此之外，干锅鸡鸭杂，肉包子也深受当地人的喜爱。其实，对于老年人来说，帮着子女带带孙子，也是善待自己，因为陪伴都是相互的，我们也可以从孩子身上体会到很多的快乐，才会感受到，纷扰的尘世间还是有点可爱的。花都绝品狂医_第1章 医院男护士在线阅读-QQ阅读
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