曾经有一段时间，即便“木头姐”Cathie Wood旗下的基金处境艰难，投资者的资金也会纷纷涌入。而今年，尽管ARK Investment Management东山再起，却鲜有资金流入。
2024年12月10日，在他看来，这个信息纷繁的庞大系统是很难尽善尽美的， “不要完全指望公司能完全保护好你的数据，个人的信息安全意识是最重要的。”
古代翁熄浪公小说-贴吧古代皇上宠幸丫鬟小说冲最新古代皇上宠幸丫鬟小说推荐...
2024-07-08 16:49·趣说历史
凡是主动靠近你的人，都是有所图的。长江后浪推前浪，带你了解全球新四大跑鞋天王原创2023-02-09 17:33·Darcy哥70后、80后都很熟悉的全球慢跑鞋的扛把子，老“全球四大跑鞋天王”分别是：Asics（亚瑟士）、Brooks（布鲁克斯）、New Balance（新百伦）、Saucony（索康尼）。四大品牌跑鞋中，除了亚瑟士是日本品牌外，其余都是美国知名品牌。这四大跑鞋，在十年前的二十多年间，其名声真是如日中天。连耐克和阿迪达斯都望其项背。随着跑鞋科技的进步和新材料的研发，在最近的十多年内涌现出了许多新的顶级跑鞋品牌，新“全球四大跑鞋天王”，有之前提到的耐克、阿迪达斯，还有美津侬和彪马。1、Nike（耐克）Nike是全球著名的体育运动品牌，英文指希腊胜利女神，中文译为耐克。耐克一直将激励全世界的每一位运动员并为其献上最好的产物视为光荣的任务。耐克首创的气垫技术给体育界带来了一场革命。运用这项技术制造出的运动鞋可以很好地保护运动员的膝盖，在其在作剧烈运动落地时减小对膝盖的影响。耐克的体育用品非常之丰富，在跑鞋领域的发展有些曲折，起初耐克跑鞋不被大众所认可，知名度远远不如隔壁的阿迪达斯。直到耐克通过竞速鞋打开局面后，耐克跑鞋才迎来了翻天覆地的变化，不仅超越了阿迪达斯，也成为了竞速鞋的标杆，同时也为慢跑鞋和训练鞋打开了局面。耐克的中底科技主要有Zoom Air气垫、React泡棉、ZoomX泡棉；鞋面科技主要有Flyknit编织技术、VaporWeave鞋面技术。Nike耐克官方QUEST 4男子公路跑步鞋Nike耐克官方QUEST 4男子公路跑步鞋Nike Quest 4 耐克极速四代极致跑鞋 加高叠层设计带来柔软缓震性，具备耐穿着性和舒适感。展现利落外观，双脚凉爽感受和稳固体验。网眼布在跑步期间带来轻盈透气性，多种鞋材，简单设计。鞋面搭配中足包覆，稳固贴合感，网面透气。采用加高泡绵巧搭舒适缓震设计和轻盈鞋面，提供稳固支撑，彰显街头时尚风采。鞋底橡胶材质，抓地力非常不错。NIKE 耐克 REACT MILER 3 男子跑鞋NIKE 耐克 REACT MILER 3 男子跑鞋React Miler系列也是耐克的次顶级缓震跑鞋，中底同样是全掌型React 缓震泡棉材料，具备出众的缓震性能。前脚掌加宽处理，让脚趾间更宽松不拥挤，外底是耐磨的橡胶大底，鞋底高磨损区特别配置了耐穿的橡胶材料，可延长跑鞋的使用寿命。该款Nike React Miler3男子跑步鞋缓震舒适，营造柔软顺畅的迈步体验，助力街头轻松畅跑。后跟处添加稳定性设计，塑就稳固脚感；强劲抓地力，助你轻松驾驭户外畅跑。2、Adidas（阿迪达斯）每个热爱运动、追求时尚的年轻人都曾想拥有一身阿迪达斯的装备。阿迪达斯成为全球领先的运动品牌之一，经典的广告语：没有不可能，已深入人心。阿迪达斯在运动领域覆盖广，我们这里主要介绍它的跑鞋系列。阿迪达斯跑鞋目前主打的中底科技有：Boost 、Lightstrike、 Lightstrike Pro 、Repetitor。Adidas 阿迪达斯 Ultraboost 22 男子跑鞋Adidas 阿迪达斯 Ultraboost 22 男子跑鞋Adidas 阿迪达斯 ULTRA BOOST 22，重量为 318 克，并不是目前最轻的跑鞋，但它的鞋跟高度为仅仅只有 33.9 毫米，搭配上这样的厚度，确实将重量控制在一个合格的数值上；新的 Primeknit+ 鞋面——由含有 50% parley 海洋塑料的纱线制成，环保的同时也带来了足够的轻量性。应用在中底的boost科技相比较21代多了4%的能量回馈，结合新的鞋面和线性能量推动 LEP 系统，可以更好的为跑者带来充足的推进感，而这也是近几年Ultraboost系列的核心之一，本质上是一个塑料，放置在中底下方，可以在跑步者加快步伐时提供刚性和稳定性。Adidas 跑步鞋 Adizero Adios Pro 2Adidas 跑步鞋 Adizero Adios Pro 2ADIZERO ADIOS PRO 2是阿迪达斯旗下一款高端竞速跑鞋，兼具很强的舒适性和结构感，适合日常训练或者马拉松比赛日穿着。中底搭载Lightstrike Pro泡沫层科技，回弹减震性能突出，最大的亮点是这款鞋在中足位置基于人体跖骨特征的能量柱结构设计，帮助跑步时提供额外的推进力，提升运动表现。Celermesh 2.0网材鞋面，搭配内部结构感设计，运动风格非常凸显。3、Mizuno（美津侬）Mizuno在国内是知名度比较高的一个品牌，甚至比号称四大跑鞋的Saucony、Brooks之类品牌更为国人所熟知。Mizuno Wave是其特有的机械减震方式，也是它区别于其他品牌的重要标志。它的核心技术主要集中在 ICE TOUCH 和 DYNAMICAIRY 上。美津浓家跑鞋类型非常多，不管是入门级别的Spark系列，还是大体重用的预言和HORIZON系列，都得到很多跑友的喜欢，属于性价比很高的跑鞋品牌，适合预算不少很高的跑友入手。美津浓的中底技术主要有U4IC、U4ICX、AP+。Mizuno WAVE RIDER25跑鞋Mizuno WAVE RIDER25跑鞋RIDER 25中底全部采用全新的ENERZY材质，再加上平行Wave技术，缓震技术明显提高。鞋面采用轻量化材质，整体上脚比较舒服，而且RIDER 25使用的是宽鞋楦，脚胖前掌大的人也能使用。Mizuno 美津浓 WAVE PROPHECY11 预言11 男子跑鞋Mizuno 美津浓 WAVE PROPHECY11 预言11 男子跑鞋INFINITY WAVE波浪机能装置，突破性全掌波浪镂空设计。重量优化更轻盈，给畅跑无限底气。搭载U4ic缓震中底特殊的复合底材料，具有与ap+相似的穿着体验和性能表现，重量在相同体积下比EVA材料轻。X10大底比普通橡胶耐磨性更高，有效地加强后跟触地时的摩擦力。4、PUMA（彪马）PUMA一直都在追求着速度感，借由刚推出的全新品牌口号Forever Faster体现了品牌对于成为全球最快运动品牌的决心，同时邀请了世界当之无愧的第一飞人博尔特代言此系列鞋款，并分享他对“Forever Faster”的理解和对速度的不懈追求。彪马有HYBRID缓震中底科技、Nitro Elite Foam缓震科技、NITRO Foam缓震科技、PROFOAM LITE缓震科技。PUMA 彪马 新款男子训练鞋 FUSE PERFORMANCEPUMA 彪马 新款男子训练鞋 FUSE PERFORMANCEFUSE PERFORMANCE 作为PUMA匠心打造的力量型训练鞋，以焕新设计外观搭配更宽的前掌配置，进一步提升稳定性和舒适性。匠心搭载轻质缓震中底，具备灵敏回弹性能，让脚感柔软自然。PUMA GRIP橡胶大底，以高效能橡胶混合材料制成，带来强劲抓地力。PUMA 彪马 男子经典低帮训练鞋 PURE XTPUMA 彪马 男子经典低帮训练鞋 PURE XTPURE XT搭载 PROFOAM中底，为脚掌提供良好的缓震效果。且采用PUMA GRIP大底，以高效能橡胶混合材料制成，带来强劲抓地力，助你在训练过程中自如灵活。以上介绍的全球新四大跑鞋天王，希望您能喜欢，也欢迎您参与留言讨论。
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“我(奥辞)还(贬耻补苍)没(惭别颈)能(狈别苍驳)做(窜耻辞)到(顿补辞)让(搁补苍驳)你(狈颈)们(惭别苍)过(骋耻辞)目(惭耻)不(叠耻)忘(奥补苍驳)，但(顿补苍)我(奥辞)会(贬耻颈)让(搁补苍驳)你(狈颈)们(惭别苍)过(骋耻辞)目(惭耻)，过(骋耻辞)目(惭耻)，过(骋耻辞)目(惭耻)不(叠耻)忘(奥补苍驳)”
zhegechachesijimeibeituochuqujitian！rumenkepu：yiwenkandongNLPhezhongwenfencisuanfa（fudaimajuli）2018-11-22 21:30·jizhidegezijianshenghuodaodu：zairenleishehuizhong，yuyanbanyanzhuozhongyaodejiaose，yuyanshirenleiqubieyuqitadongwudegenbenbiaozhi，meiyouyuyan，renleidesiweiwucongtanqi，goutongjiaoliugengshiwuyuanzhishui。suowei“ziran”naishiyuyiziranjinhuaxingcheng，shiweiliaoqufenyixierenzaoyuyan，leisiC++、Javadengrenweishejideyuyan。NLPdemudeshirangjisuanjinenggouchuli、lijieyijiyunyongrenleiyuyan，dadaorenyujisuanjizhijiandeyouxiaotongxun。zuozhe：tuming liuxiang liushuchunbenwenzhaibianzi《Pythonziranyuyanchulishizhan：hexinjishuyusuanfa》，ruxuzhuanzaiqinglianxiwomen01 shimeshiNLP1. NLPdegainianNLP（Natural Language Processing，ziranyuyanchuli）shijisuanjikexuelingyuyijirengongzhinenglingyudeyigezhongyaodeyanjiufangxiang，tayanjiuyongjisuanjilaichuli、lijieyijiyunyongrenleiyuyan（ruzhongwen、yingwendeng），dadaorenyujisuanjizhijianjinxingyouxiaotongxun。zaiyibanqingkuangxia，yonghukenengbushuxijiqiyuyan，suoyiziranyuyanchulijishukeyibangzhuzheyangdeyonghushiyongziranyuyanhejiqijiaoliu。congjianmodejiaodukan，weiliaofangbianjisuanjichuli，ziranyuyankeyibeidingyiweiyizuguizehuofuhaodejihe，womenzuhejihezhongdefuhaolaichuandigezhongxinxi。zhexienian，NLPyanjiuqudeliaochangzudejinbu，zhujianfazhanchengweiyimendulidexueke，congziranyuyandejiaoduchufa，NLPjibenkeyifenweilianggebufen：ziranyuyanchuliyijiziranyuyanshengcheng，yanhuaweilijieheshengchengwenbenderenwu，rutusuoshi。▲NLPdejibenfenleiziranyuyandelijieshigezonghedexitonggongcheng，tayoubaohanliaohenduoxifenxueke，youdaibiaoshengyindeyinxixue，daibiaogoucifadecitaixue,daibiaoyujujiegoudejufaxue，daibiaolijiedeyuyijufaxueheyuyongxue。yinxixue：zhidaiyuyanzhongfayindexitonghuazuzhi。citaixue：yanjiudancigouchengyijixianghuzhijiandeguanxi。jufaxue：geidingwenbendenabufenshiyufazhengquede。yuyixue：geidingwenbendehanyishishime？yuyongxue：wenbendemudeshishime？yuyanlijieshejiyuyan、yujinghegezhongyuyanxingshidexueke。erziranyuyanshengcheng（Natural Language Generation，NLG）qiaqiaxiangfan，congjiegouhuashujuzhongyiduqudefangshizidongshengchengwenben。gaiguochengzhuyaobaohansangejieduan：wenbenguihua：wanchengjiegouhuashujuzhongdejichuneirongguihuayujuguihua：congjiegouhuashujuzhongzuheyujulaibiaodaxinxiliushixian：chanshengyufatongshundeyujulaibiaodawenben2. NLPdeyanjiurenwuNLPkeyibeiyingyongyuhenduolingyu，zhelidagaizongjiechuyixiajizhongtongyongdeyingyong：jiqifanyi：jisuanjijubeijiangyizhongyuyanfanyichenglingyizhongyuyandenengli。qingganfenxi：jisuanjinenggoupanduanyonghupinglunshifoujiji。zhinengwenda：jisuanjinenggouzhengquehuidashurudewenti。wenzhaishengcheng：jisuanjinenggouzhunqueguina、zongjiebingchanshengwenbenzhaiyao。wenbenfenlei：jisuanjinenggoucaijigezhongwenzhang，jinxingzhutifenxi，congerjinxingzidongfenlei。yulunfenxi：jisuanjinenggoupanduanmuqianyulundedaoxiang。zhishitupu：zhishidianxianghulianjieerchengdeyuyiwangluo。jiqifanyishiziranyuyanchulizhongzuiweirensuoshuzhidechangjing，guoneiwaiyouhenduobijiaochengshudejiqifanyichanpin，birubaidufanyi、Googlefanyideng，huanyoutigongzhichiyuyinshurudeduoguoyuyanhuyidechanpin。qingganfenxizaiyixiepinglunwangzhanbijiaoyouyong，birumoucanyinwangzhandepinglunzhonghuiyoufeichangduobacaodekerendepingjia，ruguoyiyansaoguoqumanyandushiyouguiyounanchi，nashuihuanxiangqune？lingwaiyouxieshangjiaweiliaohuoqudaliangdekehubuxiguyongshuijunguanshui，najiukeyitongguoziranyuyanchulilaizuoshuijunshibie，qingganfenxilaifenxizongtiyonghupingjiashijijihuanshixiaoji。zhinengwendazaiyixiedianshangwangzhanyoufeichangshijidejiazhi，birudaitirengongchongdangkefujiaose，youhenduojibenerqiezhongfudewenti，qishibingbuxuyaorengongkefulaijiejue，tongguozhinengwendaxitongkeyishaixuandiaodaliangzhongfudewenti，shiderengongzuoxinenggenghaodifuwukehu。wenzhaishengchengliyongjisuanjizidongdicongyuanshiwenxianzhongzhaiquwenzhai，quanmianzhunquedifanyingmouyiwenxiandezhongxinneirong。zhegejishukeyibangzhurenmenjieshengdaliangdeshijianchengben，erqiexiaolvgenggao。wenbenfenleishijiqiduiwenbenanzhaoyidingdefenleitixizidongbiaozhuleibiedeguocheng。juyigelizi，lajiyoujianshiyizhonglingrentoutongdewanzheng，kunraozhuofeichangduodehulianwangyonghu。2002nian，Paul Grahamtichushiyong“beiyesituiduan”laiguolvlajiyoujian，1000fenglajiyoujianzhongkeyiguolvdiao995fengbingqiemeiyouyigeshiwupan，lingwaizhezhongguolvqihuanjuyouziwoxuexigongneng，huigenjuxinshoudaodeyoujian，buduandiaozheng。yejiushishuoshoudaodelajiyoujianyueduo，xiangduiyingdepanduanlajiyoujiandezhunquelvjiuyuegao。yulunfenxikeyibangzhufenxinaxiehuatishimuqianderedian，fenxichuanbolujingyijifazhanqushi，duiyubuhaodeyulundaoxiangkeyijinxingyouxiaodekongzhi。zhishitupu（Knowledge Graph/Vault）youchengkexuezhishitupu，zaitushuqingbaojiechengweizhishiyukeshihuahuozhishilingyuyingsheditu，shixianshizhishifazhanjinchengyujiegouguanxideyixiliegezhongbutongdetuxing，yongkeshihuajishumiaoshuzhishiziyuanjiqizaiti，wajue、fenxi、goujian、huizhihexianshizhishijitamenzhijiandexianghulianxi。zhishitupudeyibanbiaoxianxingshirutusuoshi。▲zhishituputushi3. NLPxiangguanzhishidegoucheng3.1 jibenshuyuweiliaobangzhuduzhegenghaodixuexiNLP，zhelihuiyiyijieshaoNLPlingyudeyixiejichuzhuanyecihui。（1）fenci（segment）cishizuixiaodenenggoudulihuodongdeyouyiyideyuyanchengfen，yingwendancizhijianshiyikonggezuoweiziranfenjiefude，erhanyushiyiziweijibendeshuxiedanwei，ciyuzhijianmeiyoumingxiandequfenbiaoji，yinci，zhongwenciyufenxishizhongwenfencidejichuyuguanjian。zhongwenheyingwenducunzaifencidexuqiu，buguoxiangjiaoeryan，yingwendancibenlaijiuyoukonggejinxingfenge，suoyichuliqilaixiangduifangbian。danshi，youyuzhongwenshimeiyoufengefude，suoyifencidewentijiubijiaozhongyao。fencichangyongdeshouduanshijiyuzidiandezuichangchuanpipei，jushuokeyijiejue85%dewenti，danshiqiyifencihennan。jugelizi，“meiguohuitongguoduitaishouwufaan”，womenjikeyiqiefenwei“meiguo/hui/tongguoduitaishouwufaan”，youkeyiqiefencheng“mei/guohui/tongguoduitaishouwufaan”。（2）cixingbiaozhu（part-of-speech tagging）jiyujiqixuexidefangfali，wangwangxuyaoduicidecixingjinxingbiaozhu。cixingyibanshizhidongci、mingci、xingrongcideng。biaozhudemudeshibiaozhengcideyizhongyincangzhuangtai，yincangzhuangtaigouchengdezhuanyijiugouchengliaozhuangtaizhuanyixulie。liru：wo/rai/vbeijing/nstiananmen/ns。qizhong，nsdaibiaomingci，vdaibiaodongci，ns、vdushibiaozhu，yicileitui。（3）mingmingshitishibie（NER，Named Entity Recognition）mingmingshitishizhicongwenbenzhongshibiejuyoutedingleibiedeshiti（tongchangshimingci），lirurenming、diming、jigouming、zhuanyoumingcideng。（4）jufafenxi（syntax parsing）jufafenxiwangwangshiyizhongjiyuguizedezhuanjiaxitong。dangranyebushishuotabunengyongtongjixuedefangfajinxinggoujian，buguozuichudeshihou，huanshiliyongyuyanxuezhuanjiadezhishilaigoujiande。jufafenxidemudeshijiexijuzizhonggegechengfendeyilaiguanxi。suoyi，wangwangzuizhongshengchengdejieguoshiyikejufafenxishu。jufafenxikeyijiejuechuantongcidaimoxingbukaolvshangxiawendewenti。biru，“xiaolishixiaoyangdebanchang”he“xiaoyangshixiaolidebanchang”，zheliangjuhua，yongcidaimoxingshiwanquanxiangtongde，danshijufafenxikeyifenxichuqizhongdezhucongguanxi，zhenzhengliqingjuzideguanxi。（5）zhidaixiaojie（anaphora resolution）zhongwenzhongdaicichuxiandepinlvhengao，tadezuoyongdeshiyonglaibiaozhengqianwenchuxianguoderenming、dimingdeng。liru，qinghuadaxuezuoluoyubeijing，zhejiadaxueshimuqianzhongguozuihaodedaxuezhiyi。zaizhejuhuazhong，qishi“qinghuadaxue”zhegecichuxianliaoliangci，“zhejiadaxue”zhidaidejiushiqinghuadaxue。danshichuyuzhongwendexiguan，womenbuhuiba“qinghuadaxue”zaizhongfuyibian。（6）qingganshibie（emotion recognition）suoweiqingganshibie，benzhishangshifenleiwenti，jingchangbeiyingyongzaiyuqingfenxidenglingyu。qingganyibankeyifenweilianglei，jizhengmian、fumian，yekeyishisanlei，zaiqianmiandejichushang，zaijiashangzhongxingleibie。yibanlaishuo，zaidianshangqiye，qingganshibiekeyifenxishangpinpingjiadehaohuai，yicizuoweixiayigehuanjiedepingpanyiju。tongchangkeyijiyucidaimoxing+fenleiqi，huozhexianzailiuxingdecixiangliangmoxing+RNN。jingguoceshifaxian，houzhebiqianzhezhunquelvlueyoutisheng。（7）jiucuo（correction）zidongjiucuozaisousuojishuyijishurufazhongliyongdehenduo。youyuyonghudeshuruchucuodekenengxingbijiaoda，chucuodechangjingyebijiaoduo。suoyi，womenxuyaoyigejiucuoxitong。jutizuofayouhenduo，keyijiyuN-Gramjinxingjiucuo，yekeyitongguozidianshu、youxianzhuangtaijidengfangfajinxingjiucuo。（8）wendaxitong（QA system）zheshiyizhongleisijiqirenderengongzhinengxitong。bijiaozhumingdeyou：pingguoSiri、IBM Watson、weiruanxiaobingdeng。wendaxitongwangwangxuyaoyuyinshibie、hecheng，ziranyuyanlijie、zhishitupudengduoxiangjishudepeihecaihuishixiandebijiaohao。3.2 zhishijiegouzuoweiyimenzonghexueke，NLPshiyanjiurenyujiqizhijianyongziranyuyanjinxingyouxiaotongxindelilunhefangfa。zhexuyaohenduokuaxuekedezhishi，xuyaoyuyanxue、tongjixue、zuiyouhualilun、jiqixuexi、shenduxuexiyijiziranyuyanchulixiangguanlilunmoxingzhishizuojichu。zuoweiyimenzaxue，NLPkeweishibaoluowanxiang，tixihuayuteshuhuabingcun，zhelijiandanluolieqizhishitixi，zhishijiegoujiegouturutusuoshi。▲zhishijiegoutushiziranyuyandexuexi，xuyaoyouyixiajigeqianzhizhishitixi：muqianzhuliudeziranyuyanchulijishushiyongpythonlaibianxie。tongjixueyijixianxingdaishurumen。02 zhongwenfencijishu1. zhongwenfencijianjie“ci”zhegegainianyizhishihanyuyuyanxuejiejiuchanbuqingeryouraobukaidewenti。“cishishime”（cidechouxiangdingyi）he“shimeshici”（cidejutijieding），zhelianggejibenwentiqijinweizhiyeweinengyouyigequanwei、mingquedebiaoshu，gengwufanachulingdazhongrentongdecibiaolai。zhuyaonandianzaiyuhanyujiegouyuyinoutixiyuzhongchayishenda，duicidegouchengbianjiefangmianhennanjinxingjieding。biru，zaiyingyuzhong，dancibenshenjiushi“ci”debiaoda，yipianyingwenwenzhangjiushi“danci”jiafengefu（kongge）laibiaoshide，erzaihanyuzhong，ciyiziweijibendanweide，danshiyipianwenzhangdeyuyibiaodaquerengranshiyicilaihuafende。yinci，zaichulizhongwenwenbenshi，xuyaojinxingfencichuli，jiangjuzizhuanhuaweicidebiaoshi。zhegeqiecichuliguochengjiushizhongwenfenci，tatongguojisuanjizidongshibiechujuzideci，zaicijianjiarubianjiebiaojifu，fengechugegecihui。zhenggeguochengkansijiandan，ranershijianqilaiquehenfuza，zhuyaodekunnanzaiyufenciqiyi。yiNLPfencidejingdianyujujuli，“jiehundeheshangweijiehunde”，yinggaifenciwei“jiehun/de/he/shangwei/jiehun/de”，huanshi“jiehun/de/heshang/wei/jiehun/de”？zhegeyourenlaipandingdushiwenti，jiqijiugengnanchuliliao。ciwai，xiangweidengluci、fenciliducuxidengdushiyingxiangfencixiaoguodezhongyaoyinsu。zizhongwenzidongfencibeitichuyilai，lijingjiangjin30niandetansuo，tichuliaohenduofangfa，kezhuyaoguinawei“guizefenci”“tongjifenci”he“hunhefenci（guize+tongji）”zhesangezhuyaoliupai。guizefencishizuizaoxingqidefangfa，zhuyaoshitongguorengongsheliciku，anzhaoyidingfangshijinxingpipeiqiefen，qishixianjiandangaoxiao，danduixincihennanjinxingchuli。suihoutongjijiqixuexijishudexingqi，yingyongyufencirenwushanghou，jiuyouliaotongjifenci，nenggoujiaohaoyingduixincifaxiandengteshuchangjing。ranershijianzhong，danchundetongjifenciyeyouquexian，najiushitaiguoyuyilaiyuliaodezhiliang，yincishijianzhongduoshicaiyongzheliangzhongfangfadejiehe，jihunhefenci。xiamianjiangxiangxijieshaozhexiefangfadedaibiaoxingsuanfa。2. guizefencijiyuguizedefencishiyizhongjixiefencifangfa，zhuyaoshitongguoweihucidian，zaiqiefenyujushi，jiangyujudemeigezifuchuanyucibiaozhongdecijinxingzhuyipipei，zhaodaozeqiefen，fouzebuyuqiefen。anzhaopipeiqiefendefangshi，zhuyaoyouzhengxiangzuidapipeifa、nixiangzuidapipeifayijishuangxiangzuidapipeifasanzhongfangfa。2.1 zhengxiangzuidapipeifazhengxiangzuidapipei（Maximum Match Method，MMfa）dejibensixiangwei：jiadingfencicidianzhongdezuichangciyouigehanzizifu，zeyongbeichuliwendangdedangqianzichuanzhongdeqianigezizuoweipipeiziduan，chazhaozidian。ruozidianzhongcunzaizheyangdeyigeizici，zepipeichenggong，pipeiziduanbeizuoweiyigeciqiefenchulai。ruguocidianzhongzhaobudaozheyangdeyigeizici，zepipeishibai，jiangpipeiziduanzhongdezuihouyigeziqudiao，duishengxiadezichuanzhongxinjinxingpipeichuli。rucijinxingxiaqu，zhidaopipeichenggong，jiqiefenchuyigecihuoshengyuzichuandechangduweilingweizhi。zheyangjiuwanchengliaoyilunpipei，ranhouquxiayigeizizichuanjinxingpipeichuli，zhidaowendangbeisaomiaowanweizhi。qisuanfamiaoshuruxia：congzuoxiangyouqudaiqiefenhanyujudemgezifuzuoweipipeiziduan，mweijiqicidianzhongzuichangcitiaodezifushu。chazhaojiqicidianbingjinxingpipei。ruopipeichenggong，zejiangzhegepipeiziduanzuoweiyigeciqiefenchulai。ruopipeibuchenggong，zejiangzhegepipeiziduandezuihouyigeziqudiao，shengxiadezifuchuanzuoweixindepipeiziduan，jinxingzaicipipei，zhongfuyishangguocheng，zhidaoqiefenchusuoyouciweizhi。biruwomenxianzaiyougecidian，zuichangcidechangduwei5，cidianzhongcunzai“nanjingshichang”he“changjiangdaqiao”lianggeci。xiancaiyongzhengxiangzuidapipeiduijuzi“nanjingshichangjiangdaqiao”jinxingfenci，nameshouxiancongjuzizhongquchuqianwugezi“nanjingshichangjiang”，faxiancidianzhongmeiyougaici，yushisuoxiaochangdu，quqian4gezi“nanjingshichang”，cidianzhongcunzaigaici，yushigaicibeiquerenqiefen。zaijiangshengxiade“jiangdaqiao”anzhaotongyangfangshiqiefen，dedao“jiang”“daqiao”，zuizhongfenwei“nanjingshichang”“jiang”“daqiao”3geci。xianran，zhezhongjieguohuanbushiwomenxiangyaode。2.2 nixiangzuidapipeifanixiangzuidapipei（Reverse Maximum Match Method，RMMfa）dejibenyuanliyuMMfaxiangtong，butongdeshifenciqiefendefangxiangyuMMfaxiangfan。nixiangzuidapipeifacongbeichuliwendangdemoduankaishipipeisaomiao，meiciquzuimoduandeigezifu（iweicidianzhongzuichangcishu）zuoweipipeiziduan，ruopipeishibai，zequdiaopipeiziduanzuiqianmiandeyigezi，jixupipei。xiangyingdi，tashiyongdefencicidianshinixucidian，qizhongdemeigecitiaodujiangannixufangshicunfang。zaishijichulishi，xianjiangwendangjinxingdaopaichuli，shengchengnixuwendang。ranhou，genjunixucidian，duinixuwendangyongzhengxiangzuidapipeifachulijike。youyuhanyuzhongpianzhengjiegoujiaoduo，ruoconghouxiangqianpipei，keyishidangtigaojingquedu。suoyi，nixiangzuidapipeifabizhengxiangzuidapipeifadewuchayaoxiao。tongjijieguobiaoming，danchunshiyongzhengxiangzuidapipeidecuowulvwei1/169，danchunshiyongnixiangzuidapipeidecuowulvwei1/245。biruzhiqiande“nanjingshichangjiangdaqiao”，anzhaonixiangzuidapipei，zuizhongdedao“nanjingshi”“changjiangdaqiao”。dangran，ruciqiefenbingbudaibiaowanquanzhengque，kenengyougejiao“jiangdaqiao”de“nanjingshichang”yeshuobuding。2.3 shuangxiangzuidapipeifashuangxiangzuidapipeifa（Bi-directction Matching method）shijiangzhengxiangzuidapipeifadedaodefencijieguohenixiangzuidapipeifadedaodejieguojinxingbijiao，ranhouanzhaozuidapipeiyuanze，xuanqucishuqiefenzuishaodezuoweijieguo。juSunM.S.heBenjamin K.T.（1995）deyanjiubiaoming，zhongwenzhong90.0%zuoyoudejuzi，zhengxiangzuidapipeifahenixiangzuidapipeifawanquanzhongheqiezhengque，zhiyoudagai9.0%dejuziliangzhongqiefenfangfadedaodejieguobuyiyang，danqizhongbiyouyigeshizhengquede（qiyijiancechenggong），zhiyoubudao1.0%dejuzi，shiyongzhengxiangzuidapipeifahenixiangzuidapipeifadeqiefensuizhonghequeshicuode，huozhezhengxiangzuidapipeifahenixiangzuidapipeifaqiefenbutongdanlianggedubudui（qiyijianceshibai）。zhezhengshishuangxiangzuidapipeifazaishiyongzhongwenxinxichulixitongzhongdeyiguangfanshiyongdeyuanyin。qianmianjulide“nanjingshichangjiangdaqiao”，caiyonggaifangfa，zhongjianchansheng“nanjingshi/changjiang/daqiao”he“nanjingshi/changjiangdaqiao”liangzhongjieguo，zuizhongxuanqucishujiaoshaode“nanjingshi/changjiangdaqiao”zheyijieguo。xiamianshiyiduanshixiannixiangzuidapipeidedaima。#nixiangzuidapipeiclass IMM(object): def __init__(self, dic_path): self.dictionary = set() self.maximum = 0 #duqucidian with open(dic_path, 'r', encoding='utf8') as f: for line in f: line = line.strip() if not line: continue self.dictionary.add(line) self.maximum = len(line) def cut(self, text): result = [] index = len(text) while index > 0: word = None for size in range(self.maximum, 0, -1): if index - size < 0: continue piece = text[(index - size):index] if piece in self.dictionary: word = piece result.append(word) index -= size break if word is None: index -= 1 return result[::-1]def main(): text = "nanjingshichangjiangdaqiao" tokenizer = IMM('./data/imm_dic.utf8') print(tokenizer.cut(text))yunxingmainhanshu，jieguowei：['nanjingshi', 'changjiangdaqiao']jiyuguizedefenci，yibandujiaoweijiandangaoxiao，danshicidiandeweihushiyigehenpangdadegongcheng。zaiwangluofadadejintian，wangluoxincicengchubuqiong，hennantongguocidianfugaidaosuoyouci。3. tongjifencisuizhuodaguimoyuliaokudejianli，tongjijiqixuexifangfadeyanjiuhefazhan，jiyutongjidezhongwenfencisuanfajianjianchengweizhuliu。qizhuyaosixiangshibameigecikanzuoshiyoucidezuixiaodanweidegegezizuchengde，ruguoxiangliandezizaibutongdewenbenzhongchuxiandecishuyueduo，jiuzhengmingzhexiangliandezihenkenengjiushiyigeci。yinciwomenjiukeyiliyongziyuzixianglinchuxiandepinlvlaifanyingchengcidekekaodu，tongjiyuliaozhongxianglingongxiandegegezidezuhedepindu，dangzuhepindugaoyumouyigelinjiezhishi，womenbiankerenweicizizukenenghuigouchengyigeciyu。jiyutongjidefenci，yibanyaozuoruxialiangbucaozuo：jianlitongjiyuyanmoxing。duijuzijinxingdancihuafen，ranhouduihuafenjieguojinxinggailvjisuan，huodegailvzuidadefencifangshi。zhelijiuyongdaoliaotongjixuexisuanfa，ruyinhanmaerkefu（HMM）、tiaojiansuijichang（CRF）deng。xianyupianfu，benwenzhiduitongjifencixiangguanjishuzuojianyaojieshao。gengduoxiangxineirongqingcankao《Pythonziranyuyanchulishizhan：hexinjishuyusuanfa》yishudi3zhangdi3.3jie。4. hunhefencishishishang，muqianbuguanshijiyuguizedesuanfa、huanshijiyuHMM、CRFhuozhedeep learningdengdefangfa，qifencixiaoguozaijutirenwuzhong，qishichajubingmeiyounamemingxian。zaishijigongchengyingyongzhong，duoshijiyuyizhongfencisuanfa，ranhouyongqitafencisuanfajiayifuzhu。zuichangyongdefangshijiushixianjiyucidiandefangshijinxingfenci，ranhouzaiyongtongjifencifangfajinxingfuzhu。ruci，nengzaibaozhengcidianfencizhunquelvdejichushang，duiweidengluciheqiyiciyoujiaohaodeshibie。guanyuzuozhe：tuming，alibabashujujiagoushi，duidashuju、ziranyuyanchuli、Python、Javaxiangguanjishuyoushenrudeyanjiu，jileiliaofengfudeshijianjingyan。liuxiang，bailianzhinengziranyuyanchulizhuanjia，zhuyaoyanjiuzhishitupu、NLGdengqianyanjishu，canyujiqizidongxiezuochanpindeyanfayusheji。liushuchun，qiniuyungaojisuanfazhuanjia，qiniuAIshiyanshiNLP&OCRfangxiangfuzeren，zhuyaofuzeqiniuNLPyijiOCRxiangguanxiangmudeyanjiuyuluodi。benwenzhaibianzi《Pythonziranyuyanchulishizhan：hexinjishuyusuanfa》，jingchubanfangshouquanfabu。yanshenyuedu《Pythonziranyuyanchulishizhan》tuijianyu：alibaba、qianminglueshujuheqiniuyundegaojizhuanjiahekexuejiazhuanxie，lingjichuzhangwoNLPdehexinjishu、fangfalunhejingdiansuanfa。liaojiegengduo
“好(贬补辞)好(贬补辞)好(贬补辞)，我(奥辞)尽(闯颈苍)量(尝颈补苍驳)少(厂丑补辞)抽(颁丑辞耻)。”李(尝颈)大(顿补)爷(驰别)点(顿颈补苍)点(顿颈补苍)头(罢辞耻)，但(顿补苍)张(窜丑补苍驳)秀(齿颈耻)兰(尝补苍)知(窜丑颈)道(顿补辞)，这(窜丑别)只(窜丑颈)是(厂丑颈)暂(窜补苍)时(厂丑颈)的(顿别)妥(罢耻辞)协(齿颈别)。
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