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虫颈苍锄丑辞苍驳驳耻辞箩颈补苍濒颈辩颈补苍虫颈，锄丑补苍驳锄耻辞测辞苍驳测辞耻濒颈补辞测颈蹿别苍尘辞诲补诲别蝉丑耻谤辞苍驳，苍补箩颈耻蝉丑颈驳别苍濒颈苍丑耻颈测颈苍、濒颈补苍驳蝉颈肠丑别苍驳诲别苍驳谤别苍测颈辩颈，肠补苍测耻驳耻辞丑耻颈丑别箩颈苍颈补苍测辞耻辫颈补辞诲别蝉丑别箩颈。别谤辩颈锄颈肠丑别苍产耻飞别苍测别丑别苍濒颈补辞产耻辩颈，肠丑别苍驳飞别颈锄丑辞耻锄辞苍驳濒颈诲别尘颈蝉丑耻，蹿耻辩颈濒颈补诲别蝉丑颈测别迟辞苍驳蝉丑颈测颈苍驳濒补颈濒颈补辞锄耻颈丑耻颈丑耻补苍驳蝉丑颈辩颈。迟补箩颈补苍测颈，虫颈补苍驳驳耻补苍产耻尘别苍虫颈耻诲颈苍驳测颈苍驳箩颈别产颈测别蝉丑别苍驳诲颈苍驳测颈，箩颈别诲颈苍驳锄别测别辩颈苍别颈驳补辞虫颈补辞产颈测别蝉丑别苍驳飞耻濒耻苍蝉丑颈蹿辞耻辩颈补苍诲颈苍驳驳耻辞濒补辞诲辞苍驳丑别迟辞苍驳丑耻辞箩颈补辞苍补驳耻辞蝉丑别产补辞，箩耻苍蝉丑耻测耻测颈苍驳箩颈别产颈测别蝉丑别苍驳蝉丑别苍蹿别苍，锄补颈锄丑辞苍驳虫颈苍箩颈耻测别蝉丑颈虫颈补苍驳蝉丑辞耻测颈苍驳箩颈别蝉丑别苍驳虫颈补苍驳驳耻补苍诲补颈测耻。肠辞苍驳锄丑别苍驳肠别锄丑颈诲颈苍驳、飞别苍箩颈补苍濒耻辞蝉丑颈丑别驳耻补苍驳蹿补苍虫耻补苍箩颈别蝉丑补苍驳箩颈补辩颈补苍驳测辞苍驳谤别苍诲补苍飞别颈诲耻颈测耻测颈苍驳箩颈别产颈测别蝉丑别苍驳蝉丑别苍蹿别苍诲别谤别苍办别诲耻丑别箩颈别蝉丑辞耻诲耻，测耻苍虫耻锄别测别辩颈苍别颈产颈测别蝉丑别苍驳产补辞办补辞尘颈补苍虫颈补苍驳测颈苍驳箩颈别产颈测别蝉丑别苍驳诲别驳补苍驳飞别颈，迟耻辞办耻补苍锄别测别辩颈苍别颈产颈测别蝉丑别苍驳箩颈耻测别濒耻箩颈苍驳，箩颈苍测颈产耻箩颈蹿补驳补辞虫颈补辞产颈测别蝉丑别苍驳蝉丑颈肠丑补苍驳丑耻补箩颈耻测别诲别丑耻辞濒颈。
《科(Ke)学(Xue)》（20221028出(Chu)版(Ban)）一(Yi)周(Zhou)论(Lun)文(Wen)导(Dao)读(Du)2022-10-31 14:21·科(Ke)学(Xue)网(Wang)编(Bian)译(Yi) | 未(Wei)玖(Jiu)Science, 28 OCTOBER 2022, VOL 378, ISSUE 6618《科(Ke)学(Xue)》2022年(Nian)10月(Yue)28日(Ri)，第(Di)378卷(Juan)，6618期(Qi)天(Tian)文(Wen)学(Xue)AstronomyLargest recent impact craters on Mars: Orbital imaging and surface seismic co-investigation火(Huo)星(Xing)上(Shang)最(Zui)近(Jin)最(Zui)大(Da)的(De)撞(Zhuang)击(Ji)坑(Keng)：轨(Gui)道(Dao)成(Cheng)像(Xiang)和(He)表(Biao)面(Mian)地(Di)震(Zhen)联(Lian)合(He)调(Diao)查(Cha)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：L. V. POSIOLOVA, P. LOGNONN?, W. B. BANERDT, J. CLINTON, G. S. COLLINS, T. KAWAMURA, ET AL.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq7704▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：2021年(Nian)下(Xia)半(Ban)年(Nian)，火(Huo)星(Xing)上(Shang)形(Xing)成(Cheng)了(Liao)两(Liang)个(Ge)直(Zhi)径(Jing)>130米(Mi)的(De)撞(Zhuang)击(Ji)坑(Keng)。这(Zhe)是(Shi)火(Huo)星(Xing)侦(Zhen)察(Cha)轨(Gui)道(Dao)飞(Fei)行(Xing)器(Qi)自(Zi)16年(Nian)前(Qian)开(Kai)始(Shi)运(Yun)行(Xing)以(Yi)来(Lai)发(Fa)现(Xian)的(De)两(Liang)个(Ge)最(Zui)大(Da)的(De)新(Xin)撞(Zhuang)击(Ji)坑(Keng)。该(Gai)撞(Zhuang)击(Ji)造(Zao)成(Cheng)了(Liao)洞(Dong)察(Cha)号(Hao)在(Zai)其(Qi)3年(Nian)任(Ren)务(Wu)期(Qi)间(Jian)记(Ji)录(Lu)的(De)两(Liang)次(Ci)最(Zui)大(Da)地(Di)震(Zhen)事(Shi)件(Jian)（震(Zhen)级(Ji)大(Da)于(Yu)4级(Ji)）。轨(Gui)道(Dao)图(Tu)像(Xiang)和(He)地(Di)震(Zhen)地(Di)面(Mian)运(Yun)动(Dong)的(De)结(Jie)合(He)，使(Shi)人(Ren)们(Men)能(Neng)够(Gou)研(Yan)究(Jiu)大(Da)气(Qi)稀(Xi)薄(Bao)行(Xing)星(Xing)撞(Zhuang)击(Ji)过(Guo)程(Cheng)的(De)地(Di)下(Xia)和(He)大(Da)气(Qi)能(Neng)量(Liang)分(Fen)配(Pei)，并(Bing)首(Shou)次(Ci)直(Zhi)接(Jie)测(Ce)试(Shi)已(Yi)知(Zhi)事(Shi)件(Jian)距(Ju)离(Li)的(De)火(Huo)星(Xing)深(Shen)部(Bu)-内(Nei)部(Bu)地(Di)震(Zhen)模(Mo)型(Xing)。35°N的(De)撞(Zhuang)击(Ji)处(Chu)挖(Wa)出(Chu)了(Liao)大(Da)块(Kuai)的(De)水(Shui)冰(Bing)，这(Zhe)是(Shi)在(Zai)火(Huo)星(Xing)上(Shang)直(Zhi)接(Jie)观(Guan)察(Cha)到(Dao)冰(Bing)的(De)最(Zui)低(Di)纬(Wei)度(Du)。▲ Abstract：Two >130-meter-diameter impact craters formed on Mars during the later half of 2021. These are the two largest fresh impact craters discovered by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter since operations started 16 years ago. The impacts created two of the largest seismic events (magnitudes greater than 4) recorded by InSight during its 3-year mission. The combination of orbital imagery and seismic ground motion enables the investigation of subsurface and atmospheric energy partitioning of the impact process on a planet with a thin atmosphere and the first direct test of martian deep-interior seismic models with known event distances. The impact at 35°N excavated blocks of water ice, which is the lowest latitude at which ice has been directly observed on Mars.Surface waves and crustal structure on Mars火(Huo)星(Xing)表(Biao)面(Mian)波(Bo)和(He)地(Di)壳(Ke)结(Jie)构(Gou)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：D. KIM, W. B. BANERDT, S. CEYLAN, D. GIARDINI, V. LEKI?, P. LOGNONN?, ET AL.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq7157▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)探(Tan)测(Ce)到(Dao)火(Huo)星(Xing)上(Shang)两(Liang)颗(Ke)陨(Yun)石(Shi)撞(Zhuang)击(Ji)产(Chan)生(Sheng)的(De)表(Biao)面(Mian)波(Bo)。通(Tong)过(Guo)测(Ce)量(Liang)撞(Zhuang)击(Ji)着(Zhuo)陆(Lu)器(Qi)路(Lu)径(Jing)上(Shang)的(De)群(Qun)速(Su)度(Du)弥(Mi)散(San)，他(Ta)们(Men)获(Huo)得(De)了(Liao)远(Yuan)离(Li)洞(Dong)察(Cha)号(Hao)着(Zhuo)陆(Lu)器(Qi)的(De)地(Di)壳(Ke)结(Jie)构(Gou)的(De)直(Zhi)接(Jie)约(Yue)束(Shu)条(Tiao)件(Jian)。赤(Chi)道(Dao)二(Er)分(Fen)线(Xian)以(Yi)北(Bei)的(De)地(Di)壳(Ke)在(Zai)5~30千(Qian)米(Mi)深(Shen)度(Du)范(Fan)围(Wei)内(Nei)的(De)横(Heng)波(Bo)速(Su)度(Du)约(Yue)为(Wei)每(Mei)秒(Miao)3.2千(Qian)米(Mi)，深(Shen)度(Du)变(Bian)化(Hua)不(Bu)大(Da)。这(Zhe)意(Yi)味(Wei)着(Zhuo)着(Zhuo)陆(Lu)器(Qi)下(Xia)方(Fang)的(De)地(Di)壳(Ke)密(Mi)度(Du)比(Bi)推(Tui)测(Ce)的(De)要(Yao)高(Gao)，表(Biao)明(Ming)表(Biao)面(Mian)波(Bo)穿(Chuan)过(Guo)的(De)火(Huo)山(Shan)区(Qu)域(Yu)要(Yao)么(Me)成(Cheng)分(Fen)不(Bu)同(Tong)，要(Yao)么(Me)孔(Kong)隙(Xi)度(Du)减(Jian)少(Shao)。在(Zai)着(Zhuo)陆(Lu)点(Dian)下(Xia)方(Fang)10千(Qian)米(Mi)深(Shen)处(Chu)观(Guan)察(Cha)到(Dao)较(Jiao)低(Di)的(De)速(Su)度(Du)和(He)地(Di)壳(Ke)分(Fen)层(Ceng)并(Bing)非(Fei)一(Yi)个(Ge)全(Quan)球(Qiu)性(Xing)特(Te)征(Zheng)。表(Biao)面(Mian)波(Bo)揭(Jie)示(Shi)的(De)结(Jie)构(Gou)变(Bian)化(Hua)对(Dui)火(Huo)星(Xing)地(Di)壳(Ke)形(Xing)成(Cheng)和(He)厚(Hou)度(Du)的(De)模(Mo)型(Xing)具(Ju)有(You)重(Zhong)要(Yao)意(Yi)义(Yi)。▲ Abstract：We detected surface waves from two meteorite impacts on Mars. By measuring group velocity dispersion along the impact-lander path, we obtained a direct constraint on crustal structure away from the InSight lander. The crust north of the equatorial dichotomy had a shear wave velocity of approximately 3.2 kilometers per second in the 5- to 30-kilometer depth range, with little depth variation. This implies a higher crustal density than inferred beneath the lander, suggesting either compositional differences or reduced porosity in the volcanic areas traversed by the surface waves. The lower velocities and the crustal layering observed beneath the landing site down to a 10-kilometer depth are not a global feature. Structural variations revealed by surface waves hold implications for models of the formation and thickness of the martian crust.材(Cai)料(Liao)科(Ke)学(Xue)Materials SciencePlastic deformation in silicon nitride ceramics via bond switching at coherent interfaces氮(Dan)化(Hua)硅(Gui)陶(Tao)瓷(Ci)在(Zai)共(Gong)格(Ge)界(Jie)面(Mian)上(Shang)通(Tong)过(Guo)键(Jian)切(Qie)换(Huan)产(Chan)生(Sheng)塑(Su)性(Xing)变(Bian)形(Xing)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：JIE ZHANG, GUANGHUA LIU, WEI CUI, YIYAO GE, SONGMO DU, YIXUAN GAO, ET AL.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq7490▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：共(Gong)价(Jia)键(Jian)合(He)陶(Tao)瓷(Ci)具(Ju)有(You)优(You)异(Yi)的(De)性(Xing)能(Neng)（包(Bao)括(Kuo)硬(Ying)度(Du)、强(Qiang)度(Du)、化(Hua)学(Xue)惰(Duo)性(Xing)、耐(Nai)热(Re)性(Xing)和(He)耐(Nai)腐(Fu)蚀(Shi)性(Xing)），但(Dan)由(You)于(Yu)其(Qi)室(Shi)温(Wen)脆(Cui)性(Xing)，如(Ru)何(He)实(Shi)现(Xian)更(Geng)广(Guang)泛(Fan)的(De)应(Ying)用(Yong)颇(Po)具(Ju)挑(Tiao)战(Zhan)。与(Yu)金(Jin)属(Shu)中(Zhong)的(De)原(Yuan)子(Zi)可(Ke)以(Yi)沿(Yan)着(Zhuo)滑(Hua)移(Yi)面(Mian)滑(Hua)动(Dong)以(Yi)变(Bian)形(Xing)不(Bu)同(Tong)，共(Gong)价(Jia)键(Jian)合(He)陶(Tao)瓷(Ci)由(You)于(Yu)原(Yuan)子(Zi)间(Jian)共(Gong)价(Jia)键(Jian)的(De)强(Qiang)定(Ding)向(Xiang)性(Xing)，其(Qi)变(Bian)形(Xing)需(Xu)要(Yao)断(Duan)键(Jian)。这(Zhe)最(Zui)终(Zhong)会(Hui)导(Dao)致(Zhi)加(Jia)载(Zai)时(Shi)发(Fa)生(Sheng)断(Duan)裂(Lie)。研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)提(Ti)出(Chu)了(Liao)一(Yi)种(Zhong)可(Ke)变(Bian)形(Xing)共(Gong)价(Jia)键(Jian)合(He)氮(Dan)化(Hua)硅(Gui)（Si3N4）陶(Tao)瓷(Ci)的(De)设(She)计(Ji)方(Fang)法(Fa)，其(Qi)特(Te)点(Dian)是(Shi)具(Ju)有(You)共(Gong)格(Ge)界(Jie)面(Mian)的(De)双(Shuang)相(Xiang)结(Jie)构(Gou)。在(Zai)共(Gong)格(Ge)界(Jie)面(Mian)上(Shang)实(Shi)现(Xian)了(Liao)连(Lian)续(Xu)键(Jian)切(Qie)换(Huan)，这(Zhe)有(You)利(Li)于(Yu)应(Ying)力(Li)诱(You)导(Dao)相(Xiang)变(Bian)，并(Bing)最(Zui)终(Zhong)产(Chan)生(Sheng)塑(Su)性(Xing)变(Bian)形(Xing)能(Neng)力(Li)。▲ Abstract：Covalently bonded ceramics exhibit preeminent properties—including hardness, strength, chemical inertness, and resistance against heat and corrosion—yet their wider application is challenging because of their room-temperature brittleness. In contrast to the atoms in metals that can slide along slip planes to accommodate strains, the atoms in covalently bonded ceramics require bond breaking because of the strong and directional characteristics of covalent bonds. This eventually leads to catastrophic failure on loading. We present an approach for designing deformable covalently bonded silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics that feature a dual-phase structure with coherent interfaces. Successive bond switching is realized at the coherent interfaces, which facilitates a stress-induced phase transformation and, eventually, generates plastic deformability.化(Hua)学(Xue)ChemistryStereochemical editing logic powered by the epimerization of unactivated tertiary stereocenters未(Wei)激(Ji)活(Huo)三(San)级(Ji)立(Li)体(Ti)中(Zhong)心(Xin)的(De)差(Cha)向(Xiang)异(Yi)构(Gou)助(Zhu)力(Li)立(Li)体(Ti)化(Hua)学(Xue)编(Bian)辑(Ji)逻(Luo)辑(Ji)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：YU-AN ZHANG, VIGNESH PALANI, ALEXANDER E. SEIM, YONG WANG, KATHLEEN J. WANG AND ALISON E. WENDLANDT.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add6852▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：复(Fu)杂(Za)目(Mu)标(Biao)物(Wu)的(De)立(Li)体(Ti)选(Xuan)择(Ze)性(Xing)合(He)成(Cheng)需(Xu)要(Yao)精(Jing)确(Que)的(De)化(Hua)学(Xue)转(Zhuan)换(Huan)协(Xie)调(Diao)，同(Tong)时(Shi)建(Jian)立(Li)所(Suo)需(Xu)键(Jian)的(De)连(Lian)通(Tong)性(Xing)和(He)空(Kong)间(Jian)定(Ding)向(Xiang)。在(Zai)这(Zhe)项(Xiang)工(Gong)作(Zuo)中(Zhong)，研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)描(Miao)述(Shu)了(Liao)一(Yi)种(Zhong)手(Shou)性(Xing)分(Fen)子(Zi)及(Ji)其(Qi)异(Yi)构(Gou)体(Ti)合(He)成(Cheng)的(De)互(Hu)补(Bu)范(Fan)式(Shi)，即(Ji)在(Zai)后(Hou)期(Qi)调(Diao)整(Zheng)分(Fen)子(Zi)的(De)三(San)维(Wei)结(Jie)构(Gou)。这(Zhe)一(Yi)策(Ce)略(Lue)成(Cheng)功(Gong)的(De)关(Guan)键(Jian)是(Shi)开(Kai)发(Fa)了(Liao)一(Yi)种(Zhong)温(Wen)和(He)且(Qie)高(Gao)度(Du)通(Tong)用(Yong)的(De)光(Guang)催(Cui)化(Hua)方(Fang)法(Fa)，它(Ta)由(You)十(Shi)钨(Wu)酸(Suan)盐(Yan)聚(Ju)阴(Yin)离(Li)子(Zi)和(He)二(Er)硫(Liu)化(Hua)物(Wu)助(Zhu)催(Cui)化(Hua)剂(Ji)组(Zu)成(Cheng)，使(Shi)先(Xian)前(Qian)构(Gou)型(Xing)固(Gu)定(Ding)的(De)未(Wei)激(Ji)活(Huo)三(San)级(Ji)生(Sheng)成(Cheng)中(Zhong)心(Xin)实(Shi)现(Xian)相(Xiang)互(Hu)转(Zhuan)化(Hua)。研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)通(Tong)过(Guo)快(Kuai)速(Su)构(Gou)建(Jian)使(Shi)用(Yong)现(Xian)有(You)工(Gong)具(Ju)很(Hen)难(Nan)制(Zhi)备(Bei)的(De)手(Shou)性(Xing)支(Zhi)架(Jia)，以(Yi)及(Ji)复(Fu)杂(Za)目(Mu)标(Biao)物(Wu)的(De)后(Hou)期(Qi)立(Li)体(Ti)编(Bian)辑(Ji)，展(Zhan)示(Shi)了(Liao)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)方(Fang)法(Fa)的(De)多(Duo)功(Gong)能(Neng)性(Xing)（以(Yi)及(Ji)立(Li)体(Ti)编(Bian)辑(Ji)逻(Luo)辑(Ji)的(De)实(Shi)现(Xian)）。▲ Abstract：The stereoselective synthesis of complex targets requires the precise orchestration of chemical transformations that simultaneously establish the connectivity and spatial orientation of desired bonds. In this work, we describe a complementary paradigm for the synthesis of chiral molecules and their isomers, which tunes the three-dimensional structure of a molecule at a late stage. Key to the success of this strategy is the development of a mild and highly general photocatalytic method composed of decatungstate polyanion and disulfide cocatalysts, which enable the interconversion of unactivated tertiary stereogenic centers that were previously configurationally fixed. We showcase the versatility of this method—and the implementation of stereoediting logic—by the rapid construction of chiral scaffolds that would be challenging to access using existing tools and by the late-stage stereoediting of complex targets.Closed-loop optimization of general reaction conditions for heteroaryl Suzuki-Miyaura coupling杂(Za)芳(Fang)基(Ji)Suzuki-Miyaura偶(Ou)联(Lian)反(Fan)应(Ying)通(Tong)用(Yong)条(Tiao)件(Jian)的(De)闭(Bi)环(Huan)优(You)化(Hua)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：NICHOLAS H. ANGELLO, VANDANA RATHORE, WIKTOR BEKER, AGNIESZKA WO?OS, EDWARD R. JIRA, RAFA? ROSZAK, ET AL.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adc8743▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：有(You)机(Ji)反(Fan)应(Ying)的(De)通(Tong)用(Yong)条(Tiao)件(Jian)很(Hen)重(Zhong)要(Yao)，但(Dan)却(Que)罕(Han)见(Jian)，确(Que)定(Ding)它(Ta)们(Men)的(De)努(Nu)力(Li)通(Tong)常(Chang)只(Zhi)考(Kao)虑(Lv)化(Hua)学(Xue)空(Kong)间(Jian)的(De)狭(Xia)窄(Zhai)区(Qu)域(Yu)。要(Yao)发(Fa)现(Xian)更(Geng)通(Tong)用(Yong)的(De)反(Fan)应(Ying)条(Tiao)件(Jian)，就(Jiu)需(Xu)要(Yao)考(Kao)虑(Lv)从(Cong)大(Da)矩(Ju)阵(Zhen)基(Ji)质(Zhi)和(He)高(Gao)维(Wei)反(Fan)应(Ying)条(Tiao)件(Jian)基(Ji)质(Zhi)交(Jiao)叉(Cha)而(Er)成(Cheng)的(De)化(Hua)学(Xue)空(Kong)间(Jian)的(De)广(Guang)阔(Kuo)区(Qu)域(Yu)，这(Zhe)使(Shi)得(De)详(Xiang)尽(Jin)的(De)实(Shi)验(Yan)不(Bu)切(Qie)实(Shi)际(Ji)。研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)报(Bao)道(Dao)了(Liao)一(Yi)个(Ge)简(Jian)单(Dan)的(De)闭(Bi)环(Huan)工(Gong)作(Zuo)流(Liu)，利(Li)用(Yong)数(Shu)据(Ju)引(Yin)导(Dao)矩(Ju)阵(Zhen)向(Xiang)下(Xia)选(Xuan)择(Ze)、不(Bu)确(Que)定(Ding)性(Xing)最(Zui)小(Xiao)化(Hua)机(Ji)器(Qi)学(Xue)习(Xi)和(He)机(Ji)器(Qi)人(Ren)实(Shi)验(Yan)来(Lai)发(Fa)现(Xian)通(Tong)用(Yong)反(Fan)应(Ying)条(Tiao)件(Jian)。应(Ying)用(Yong)于(Yu)杂(Za)芳(Fang)基(Ji)Suzuki-Miyaura交(Jiao)叉(Cha)偶(Ou)联(Lian)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)极(Ji)具(Ju)挑(Tiao)战(Zhan)性(Xing)和(He)重(Zhong)要(Yao)性(Xing)的(De)问(Wen)题(Ti)时(Shi)，研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)确(Que)定(Ding)了(Liao)一(Yi)个(Ge)通(Tong)用(Yong)条(Tiao)件(Jian)，与(Yu)之(Zhi)前(Qian)使(Shi)用(Yong)传(Chuan)统(Tong)方(Fang)法(Fa)开(Kai)发(Fa)的(De)广(Guang)泛(Fan)使(Shi)用(Yong)的(De)基(Ji)准(Zhun)相(Xiang)比(Bi)，平(Ping)均(Jun)产(Chan)率(Lv)翻(Fan)了(Liao)一(Yi)番(Fan)。该(Gai)研(Yan)究(Jiu)为(Wei)解(Jie)决(Jue)具(Ju)有(You)大(Da)搜(Sou)索(Suo)空(Kong)间(Jian)的(De)多(Duo)维(Wei)化(Hua)学(Xue)优(You)化(Hua)问(Wen)题(Ti)提(Ti)供(Gong)了(Liao)一(Yi)个(Ge)实(Shi)用(Yong)的(De)路(Lu)线(Xian)图(Tu)。▲ Abstract：General conditions for organic reactions are important but rare, and efforts to identify them usually consider only narrow regions of chemical space. Discovering more general reaction conditions requires considering vast regions of chemical space derived from a large matrix of substrates crossed with a high-dimensional matrix of reaction conditions, rendering exhaustive experimentation impractical. Here, we report a simple closed-loop workflow that leverages data-guided matrix down-selection, uncertainty-minimizing machine learning, and robotic experimentation to discover general reaction conditions. Application to the challenging and consequential problem of heteroaryl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling identified conditions that double the average yield relative to a widely used benchmark that was previously developed using traditional approaches. This study provides a practical road map for solving multidimensional chemical optimization problems with large search spaces.公(Gong)共(Gong)卫(Wei)生(Sheng)Public HealthEvolution and antiviral activity of a human protein of retroviral origin逆(Ni)转(Zhuan)录(Lu)病(Bing)毒(Du)来(Lai)源(Yuan)人(Ren)类(Lei)蛋(Dan)白(Bai)质(Zhi)的(De)进(Jin)化(Hua)和(He)抗(Kang)病(Bing)毒(Du)活(Huo)性(Xing)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：JOHN A. FRANK, MANVENDRA SINGH, HARRISON B. CULLEN, RAPHAEL A. KIROU, MERIEM BENKADDOUR-BOUMZAOUAD, JOSE L. CORTES, ET AL.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq7871▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：内(Nei)源(Yuan)性(Xing)逆(Ni)转(Zhuan)录(Lu)病(Bing)毒(Du)是(Shi)源(Yuan)自(Zi)古(Gu)老(Lao)种(Zhong)系(Xi)感(Gan)染(Ran)的(De)哺(Bu)乳(Ru)动(Dong)物(Wu)基(Ji)因(Yin)组(Zu)的(De)丰(Feng)富(Fu)组(Zu)成(Cheng)部(Bu)分(Fen)。在(Zai)一(Yi)些(Xie)哺(Bu)乳(Ru)动(Dong)物(Wu)中(Zhong)，由(You)这(Zhe)些(Xie)元(Yuan)件(Jian)编(Bian)码(Ma)的(De)包(Bao)膜(Mo)蛋(Dan)白(Bai)可(Ke)以(Yi)抵(Di)御(Yu)外(Wai)源(Yuan)性(Xing)病(Bing)毒(Du)，但(Dan)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)活(Huo)性(Xing)在(Zai)人(Ren)类(Lei)内(Nei)源(Yuan)性(Xing)表(Biao)达(Da)的(De)包(Bao)膜(Mo)中(Zhong)尚(Shang)未(Wei)被(Bei)证(Zheng)实(Shi)。研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)报(Bao)道(Dao)，人(Ren)类(Lei)基(Ji)因(Yin)组(Zu)拥(Yong)有(You)大(Da)量(Liang)包(Bao)膜(Mo)衍(Yan)生(Sheng)序(Xu)列(Lie)，具(Ju)有(You)抑(Yi)制(Zhi)逆(Ni)转(Zhuan)录(Lu)病(Bing)毒(Du)感(Gan)染(Ran)的(De)潜(Qian)力(Li)。为(Wei)了(Liao)验(Yan)证(Zheng)这(Zhe)一(Yi)点(Dian)，他(Ta)们(Men)对(Dui)包(Bao)膜(Mo)衍(Yan)生(Sheng)蛋(Dan)白(Bai)Suppressyn进(Jin)行(Xing)了(Liao)表(Biao)征(Zheng)。结(Jie)果(Guo)发(Fa)现(Xian)Suppressyn在(Zai)人(Ren)类(Lei)着(Zhuo)床(Chuang)前(Qian)胚(Pei)胎(Tai)和(He)发(Fa)育(Yu)中(Zhong)的(De)胎(Tai)盘(Pan)中(Zhong)，使(Shi)用(Yong)其(Qi)祖(Zu)先(Xian)逆(Ni)转(Zhuan)录(Lu)病(Bing)毒(Du)启(Qi)动(Dong)子(Zi)表(Biao)达(Da)。细(Xi)胞(Bao)培(Pei)养(Yang)分(Fen)析(Xi)表(Biao)明(Ming)，Suppressyn及(Ji)其(Qi)类(Lei)人(Ren)直(Zhi)系(Xi)同(Tong)源(Yuan)物(Wu)可(Ke)抑(Yi)制(Zhi)现(Xian)存(Cun)哺(Bu)乳(Ru)动(Dong)物(Wu)D型(Xing)逆(Ni)转(Zhuan)录(Lu)病(Bing)毒(Du)的(De)感(Gan)染(Ran)。该(Gai)数(Shu)据(Ju)支(Zhi)持(Chi)宿(Su)主(Zhu)免(Mian)疫(Yi)和(He)基(Ji)因(Yin)组(Zu)防(Fang)御(Yu)的(De)逆(Ni)转(Zhuan)录(Lu)病(Bing)毒(Du)包(Bao)膜(Mo)共(Gong)选(Xuan)择(Ze)的(De)通(Tong)用(Yong)模(Mo)型(Xing)。▲ Abstract：Endogenous retroviruses are abundant components of mammalian genomes descended from ancient germline infections. In several mammals, the envelope proteins encoded by these elements protect against exogenous viruses, but this activity has not been documented with endogenously expressed envelopes in humans. We report that the human genome harbors a large pool of envelope-derived sequences with the potential to restrict retroviral infection. To test this, we characterized an envelope-derived protein, Suppressyn. We found that Suppressyn is expressed in human preimplantation embryos and developing placenta using its ancestral retroviral promoter. Cell culture assays showed that Suppressyn, and its hominoid orthologs, could restrict infection by extant mammalian type D retroviruses. Our data support a generalizable model of retroviral envelope co-option for host immunity and genome defense.
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今天就用空气炸锅搞了八个试试水