在础股各上市板块中,广东、江苏表现尤为突出。广东在主板、创业板公司数量中位居第一,江苏则在科创板和北交所公司数量中居于首位。
2024年12月06日,产量占58.3%!安全又便宜的电池是新能源车未来首选?原创2021-10-29 11:01·玩车教授新能源车一直是车市话题的风口,无论是新车出现还是新技术的出现,都会引发一轮的热议。根据中国汽车动力电池产业创新联盟发布的最新数据,9月我国动力电池产量为23.2GWh,其中磷酸铁锂13.5GWh,占产量58.3%;三元电池产量9.6GWh,占总产量41.6%。总装车量15.7GWh,其中磷酸铁锂电池装车9.5GWh;三元电池装车6.1GWh。图片来源:网络对比之下,磷酸铁锂电池已经超越三元锂电池,成为市场的宠儿新能源车已经过了野蛮生长的阶段,补贴回落,新能源车企依靠产物力继续发展,依靠产物收获消费者的信任。而正因为早年间的野蛮发展,车企之间续航战猛烈,为了追求高续航车型纷纷转投三元锂阵营。如今安全问题越来越被重视,再加上网上曝光出诸多新能源车因为电池原因发生自燃、爆燃等事故,再次唤醒人们对于车辆安全的重视,而磷酸铁锂的安全特性使得它能够在今年5月份开始在产量上反超三元锂电池。图片来源:网络7-9月,磷酸铁锂电池在动力电池市场所占比重也逐月提升,占比分别为53.8%、56.9%、58.3%;到9月份,磷酸铁锂电池的产量已经是三元锂电池的1.4倍,装机量是1.6倍,两者差距还在不断拉大,显示磷酸铁锂有对三元电池加速替代的趋势。从技术的角度来看,磷酸铁锂最大的优势在于稳定,其热稳定性是车用锂电池中最好的,电热峰值大于350摄氏度,当电池温度处于500-600摄氏度时,其内部化学成分才开始分解,而三元锂则在300摄氏度左右就会开始分解。其次,磷酸铁锂寿命长,理论上来说,磷酸铁锂电池的完全充放电循环次数大于3500次之后,电量才会衰退到原来的80%,也就是说,如果每天都完全充放电一次,磷酸铁锂电池需要将近10年才会出现明显衰减。成本,磷酸铁锂没有贵金属,所以在生产成本上会比三元锂更低。经过几年新能源车爆发性发展,作为电池的关键贵金属材料价格飞涨,例如金属钴的报价大约在20万元/吨以上,更低成本的磷酸铁锂电池能实现更好的成本利润比。三元锂电池在能量密度上的优势以及低温性能上的精彩表现也是足够亮眼,不过随着近年来电池技术的发展,最响亮的莫过于比亚迪的刀片电池,通过取消电池模组以及增加电池单体体积,以获得更大的能量密度同时保持磷酸铁锂安全的优势。目前,市面上很多使用磷酸铁锂电池的新能源车普遍都能达到400km以上的续航水准,这样的水平基本能支持车主日常通勤一个礼拜,如果按照这种补能频率,相信很多车主还是愿意选择新能源车的。从9月30日发布的新能源车推广目录来看,52款入选的新能源车中,使用磷酸铁锂电池的有25款,占48%。目前,很多新能源车企的热门车辆都纷纷转投磷酸铁锂阵营,例如特斯拉Model Y、Model 3、小鹏P7、比亚迪汉等车型均使用磷酸铁锂电池。全球销量高居首位的大众在3月举办的Power Day上就透露,将部分车型使用磷酸铁锂电池;现代也表示在今年着手研发磷酸铁锂电池的纯电动车,这些车企的风向就已经足够说明问题。磷酸铁锂和三元锂是两种纯电动车解决方案,教授认为二者将会针对不同需求而共同推进市场。入门走量车型使用磷酸铁锂电池,虽然续航略低一些,但日常通勤不成问题;追求高性能选择三元锂,更长续航,更优秀的低温性能,前提的付出更多的金钱去保证三元锂电池包的安全,二者各有取舍。
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