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[1]赵飞 .儿童小脑萎缩的影像学诊断路径:111 例患者回顾分析,2018-06-20数据来源:华虹宏力招股书
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药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)你(Ni)问(Wen)我(Wo)答(Da)系(Xi)列(Lie)(一(Yi))2015-05-21 08:53·南(Nan)京(Jing)市(Shi)第(Di)一(Yi)医(Yi)院(Yuan)问(Wen)题(Ti)一(Yi):何(He)谓(Wei)药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)?按(An)照(Zhao)WHO国(Guo)际(Ji)药(Yao)物(Wu)监(Jian)测(Ce)合(He)作(Zuo)中(Zhong)心(Xin)的(De)规(Gui)定(Ding),药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)(adverse drug reactions,简(Jian)称(Cheng)ADR)系(Xi)指(Zhi)正(Zheng)常(Chang)剂(Ji)量(Liang)的(De)药(Yao)物(Wu)用(Yong)于(Yu)预(Yu)防(Fang)、诊(Zhen)断(Duan)、治(Zhi)疗(Liao)疾(Ji)病(Bing)或(Huo)调(Diao)节(Jie)生(Sheng)理(Li)机(Ji)能(Neng)时(Shi)出(Chu)现(Xian)的(De)有(You)害(Hai)的(De)和(He)与(Yu)用(Yong)药(Yao)目(Mu)的(De)无(Wu)关(Guan)的(De)反(Fan)应(Ying)。该(Gai)定(Ding)义(Yi)排(Pai)除(Chu)有(You)意(Yi)的(De)或(Huo)意(Yi)外(Wai)的(De)过(Guo)量(Liang)用(Yong)药(Yao)及(Ji)用(Yong)药(Yao)不(Bu)当(Dang)引(Yin)起(Qi)的(De)反(Fan)应(Ying)。我(Wo)国(Guo)是(Shi)WHO国(Guo)际(Ji)药(Yao)物(Wu)监(Jian)测(Ce)合(He)作(Zuo)计(Ji)划(Hua)的(De)成(Cheng)员(Yuan)国(Guo),在(Zai)ADR监(Jian)测(Ce)工(Gong)作(Zuo)中(Zhong)应(Ying)遵(Zun)守(Shou)WHO所(Suo)规(Gui)定(Ding)的(De)ADR定(Ding)义(Yi)进(Jin)行(Xing)ADR报(Bao)告(Gao)。为(Wei)正(Zheng)确(Que)理(Li)解(Jie)WHO的(De)ADR定(Ding)义(Yi),现(Xian)将(Jiang)原(Yuan)文(Wen)摘(Zhai)录(Lu)如(Ru)下(Xia):A reaction which is noxious and unintended ,and which occurs at doses normally used in man for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of diseases ,or for the modification of physiological function.This definition excludes accidental or deliberate excessive dosage or maladministration.问(Wen)题(Ti)二(Er):药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)如(Ru)何(He)分(Fen)类(Lei)?药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)有(You)多(Duo)种(Zhong)分(Fen)类(Lei)方(Fang)法(Fa),通(Tong)常(Chang)按(An)其(Qi)与(Yu)药(Yao)理(Li)作(Zuo)用(Yong)有(You)无(Wu)关(Guan)联(Lian)而(Er)分(Fen)为(Wei)两(Liang)类(Lei):A型(Xing)和(He)B型(Xing)。A型(Xing)药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)(Type A adverse drug reactions)又(You)称(Cheng)为(Wei)剂(Ji)量(Liang)相(Xiang)关(Guan)的(De)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)(dose-related adverse reactions)。该(Gai)反(Fan)应(Ying)为(Wei)药(Yao)理(Li)作(Zuo)用(Yong)增(Zeng)强(Qiang)所(Suo)致(Zhi),常(Chang)和(He)剂(Ji)量(Liang)有(You)关(Guan),可(Ke)以(Yi)预(Yu)测(Ce),发(Fa)生(Sheng)率(Lv)高(Gao)而(Er)死(Si)亡(Wang)率(Lv)低(Di),如(Ru)苯(Ben)二(Er)氮(Dan)zhuo类(Lei)引(Yin)起(Qi)的(De)瞌(Zuo)睡(Shui),抗(Kang)血(Xue)凝(Ning)药(Yao)所(Suo)致(Zhi)出(Chu)血(Xue)等(Deng)。B型(Xing)药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)(Type B adverse drug reactions),又(You)称(Cheng)剂(Ji)量(Liang)不(Bu)相(Xiang)关(Guan)的(De)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)(non-dose-related adverse reactions)。它(Ta)是(Shi)一(Yi)种(Zhong)与(Yu)正(Zheng)常(Chang)药(Yao)理(Li)作(Zuo)用(Yong)无(Wu)关(Guan)的(De)异(Yi)常(Chang)反(Fan)应(Ying),一(Yi)般(Ban)和(He)剂(Ji)量(Liang)无(Wu)关(Guan)联(Lian),难(Nan)于(Yu)预(Yu)测(Ce),发(Fa)生(Sheng)率(Lv)低(Di)(据(Ju)国(Guo)外(Wai)数(Shu)据(Ju),占(Zhan)药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)的(De)20~25%)而(Er)死(Si)亡(Wang)率(Lv)高(Gao),如(Ru)氟(Fu)烷(Wan)引(Yin)致(Zhi)的(De)恶(E)性(Xing)高(Gao)热(Re),青(Qing)霉(Mei)素(Su)引(Yin)起(Qi)的(De)过(Guo)敏(Min)性(Xing)休(Xiu)克(Ke)。在(Zai)药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)中(Zhong),副(Fu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)、毒(Du)性(Xing)反(Fan)应(Ying)、过(Guo)度(Du)效(Xiao)应(Ying)属(Shu)A型(Xing)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)。首(Shou)剂(Ji)效(Xiao)应(Ying)、撤(Che)药(Yao)反(Fan)应(Ying)、继(Ji)发(Fa)反(Fan)应(Ying)等(Deng),由(You)于(Yu)与(Yu)药(Yao)理(Li)作(Zuo)用(Yong)有(You)关(Guan)也(Ye)属(Shu)A型(Xing)反(Fan)应(Ying)范(Fan)畴(Chou)。药(Yao)物(Wu)变(Bian)态(Tai)反(Fan)应(Ying)和(He)异(Yi)质(Zhi)反(Fan)应(Ying)属(Shu)B型(Xing)反(Fan)应(Ying)。问(Wen)题(Ti)三(San):药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)的(De)发(Fa)生(Sheng)率(Lv)有(You)多(Duo)少(Shao)?据(Ju)国(Guo)外(Wai)有(You)关(Guan)文(Wen)献(Xian)报(Bao)道(Dao),药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)的(De)发(Fa)生(Sheng)率(Lv)如(Ru)下(Xia):(1)住(Zhu)院(Yuan)病(Bing)人(Ren):10%~20%;(2)住(Zhu)院(Yuan)病(Bing)人(Ren)因(Yin)药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)死(Si)亡(Wang)者(Zhe):0.24%~2.9%;(3)因(Yin)药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)而(Er)住(Zhu)院(Yuan)的(De)病(Bing)人(Ren):0.3%~5.0%。问(Wen)题(Ti)四(Si):药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)发(Fa)生(Sheng)频(Pin)率(Lv)通(Tong)常(Chang)如(Ru)何(He)表(Biao)示(Shi)?国(Guo)际(Ji)医(Yi)学(Xue)科(Ke)学(Xue)组(Zu)织(Zhi)委(Wei)员(Yuan)会(Hui)(Counsil for International Organization of Medical Sciences,简(Jian)称(Cheng)CIOMS)推(Tui)荐(Jian)用(Yong)下(Xia)列(Lie)术(Shu)语(Yu)和(He)百(Bai)分(Fen)率(Lv)表(Biao)示(Shi)药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)发(Fa)生(Sheng)频(Pin)率(Lv):十(Shi)分(Fen)常(Chang)见(Jian)(≥10%),常(Chang)见(Jian)(≥1%,<10%),偶(Ou)见(Jian)(≥0.1%,<1%),罕(Han)见(Jian)(≥0.01%,<0.1%),十(Shi)分(Fen)罕(Han)见(Jian)(<0.01%)。问(Wen)题(Ti)五(Wu):副(Fu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)是(Shi)否(Fou)为(Wei)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)的(De)同(Tong)义(Yi)词(Ci)?一(Yi)种(Zhong)药(Yao)物(Wu)常(Chang)有(You)多(Duo)种(Zhong)作(Zuo)用(Yong),在(Zai)正(Zheng)常(Chang)剂(Ji)量(Liang)情(Qing)况(Kuang)下(Xia)出(Chu)现(Xian)与(Yu)用(Yong)药(Yao)目(Mu)的(De)无(Wu)关(Guan)的(De)反(Fan)应(Ying)称(Cheng)为(Wei)副(Fu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)(side effect)。一(Yi)般(Ban)说(Shuo)来(Lai),副(Fu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)比(Bi)较(Jiao)轻(Qing)微(Wei),多(Duo)为(Wei)可(Ke)逆(Ni)性(Xing)机(Ji)能(Neng)变(Bian)化(Hua),停(Ting)药(Yao)后(Hou)通(Tong)常(Chang)很(Hen)快(Kuai)消(Xiao)退(Tui)。副(Fu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)随(Sui)用(Yong)药(Yao)目(Mu)的(De)不(Bu)同(Tong)而(Er)改(Gai)变(Bian),如(Ru)阿(A)托(Tuo)品(Pin)作(Zuo)为(Wei)麻(Ma)醉(Zui)前(Qian)给(Gei)药(Yao)抑(Yi)制(Zhi)腺(Xian)体(Ti)分(Fen)泌(Mi),则(Ze)术(Shu)后(Hou)肠(Chang)胀(Zhang)气(Qi),尿(Niao)潴(Zuo)留(Liu)为(Wei)副(Fu)作(Zuo)用(Yong),而(Er)当(Dang)阿(A)托(Tuo)品(Pin)用(Yong)于(Yu)解(Jie)除(Chu)胆(Dan)道(Dao)痉(Jing)挛(Luan)时(Shi),心(Xin)悸(Ji)、口(Kou)干(Gan)成(Cheng)为(Wei)副(Fu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)。有(You)些(Xie)人(Ren)将(Jiang)副(Fu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)作(Zuo)为(Wei)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)的(De)同(Tong)义(Yi)词(Ci),其(Qi)实(Shi)该(Gai)两(Liang)词(Ci)的(De)含(Han)义(Yi)不(Bu)尽(Jin)相(Xiang)同(Tong),为(Wei)了(Liao)避(Bi)免(Mian)混(Hun)淆(Xiao),WHO国(Guo)际(Ji)药(Yao)物(Wu)监(Jian)测(Ce)合(He)作(Zuo)中(Zhong)心(Xin)规(Gui)定(Ding)了(Liao)副(Fu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)的(De)定(Ding)义(Yi),并(Bing)作(Zuo)了(Liao)说(Shuo)明(Ming)如(Ru)下(Xia):Side Effect: Any unintended effect of a pharmaceutical product occuring at doses normally in man which is related to pharmacological properties of the drug.This is an old term and is broad enough to include both positive and negative effects of a drug apart from its main properties or indication. Some use the term as synonymos with adverse reactions, but the proposed definition will improve clarity of use of this term .问(Wen)题(Ti)六(Liu):何(He)谓(Wei)毒(Du)性(Xing)反(Fan)应(Ying)?大(Da)多(Duo)数(Shu)药(Yao)物(Wu)都(Du)有(You)或(Huo)多(Duo)或(Huo)少(Shao)的(De)毒(Du)性(Xing)(toxicity)。毒(Du)性(Xing)反(Fan)应(Ying)(toxic reaction , toxic response)是(Shi)指(Zhi)药(Yao)物(Wu)引(Yin)起(Qi)肌(Ji)体(Ti)发(Fa)生(Sheng)生(Sheng)理(Li)生(Sheng)化(Hua)机(Ji)能(Neng)异(Yi)常(Chang)或(Huo)组(Zu)织(Zhi)结(Jie)构(Gou)病(Bing)理(Li)变(Bian)化(Hua)的(De)反(Fan)应(Ying);该(Gai)反(Fan)应(Ying)可(Ke)在(Zai)各(Ge)个(Ge)系(Xi)统(Tong)、器(Qi)官(Guan)或(Huo)组(Zu)织(Zhi)出(Chu)现(Xian)。药(Yao)物(Wu)的(De)毒(Du)性(Xing)作(Zuo)用(Yong)(toxic effect)一(Yi)般(Ban)是(Shi)药(Yao)理(Li)作(Zuo)用(Yong)的(De)延(Yan)伸(Shen),主(Zhu)要(Yao)对(Dui)神(Shen)经(Jing)、消(Xiao)化(Hua)、心(Xin)血(Xue)管(Guan)、泌(Mi)尿(Niao)、血(Xue)液(Ye)等(Deng)系(Xi)统(Tong),以(Yi)及(Ji)皮(Pi)肤(Fu)组(Zu)织(Zhi)造(Zao)成(Cheng)损(Sun)害(Hai)。各(Ge)种(Zhong)药(Yao)物(Wu)毒(Du)性(Xing)性(Xing)质(Zhi)和(He)反(Fan)应(Ying)的(De)临(Lin)床(Chuang)表(Biao)现(Xian)各(Ge)相(Xiang)同(Tong),但(Dan)反(Fan)应(Ying)程(Cheng)度(Du)和(He)剂(Ji)量(Liang)有(You)关(Guan),剂(Ji)量(Liang)加(Jia)大(Da),则(Ze)毒(Du)性(Xing)反(Fan)应(Ying)增(Zeng)强(Qiang)。药(Yao)物(Wu)引(Yin)致(Zhi)的(De)毒(Du)性(Xing)反(Fan)应(Ying)所(Suo)造(Zao)成(Cheng)的(De)持(Chi)续(Xu)性(Xing)的(De)功(Gong)能(Neng)障(Zhang)碍(Ai)或(Huo)器(Qi)质(Zhi)性(Xing)病(Bing)变(Bian),停(Ting)药(Yao)后(Hou)恢(Hui)复(Fu)较(Jiao)慢(Man),甚(Shen)至(Zhi)终(Zhong)身(Shen)不(Bu)愈(Yu)。如(Ru)氨(An)基(Ji)糖(Tang)苷(Zuo)类(Lei)抗(Kang)生(Sheng)素(Su)链(Lian)霉(Mei)素(Su)、庆(Qing)大(Da)霉(Mei)素(Su)等(Deng)具(Ju)有(You)耳(Er)毒(Du)性(Xing)(ototoxicity),可(Ke)引(Yin)致(Zhi)第(Di)八(Ba)对(Dui)颅(Lu)神(Shen)经(Jing)损(Sun)害(Hai),造(Zao)成(Cheng)听(Ting)力(Li)减(Jian)退(Tui)或(Huo)永(Yong)久(Jiu)性(Xing)耳(Er)聋(Long)。问(Wen)题(Ti)七(Qi):继(Ji)发(Fa)反(Fan)应(Ying)是(Shi)否(Fou)为(Wei)药(Yao)物(Wu)本(Ben)身(Shen)的(De)效(Xiao)应(Ying)?继(Ji)发(Fa)反(Fan)应(Ying)(secondary effect)并(Bing)不(Bu)是(Shi)药(Yao)物(Wu)本(Ben)身(Shen)的(De)效(Xiao)应(Ying),而(Er)是(Shi)药(Yao)物(Wu)主(Zhu)要(Yao)作(Zuo)用(Yong)的(De)间(Jian)接(Jie)结(Jie)果(Guo),如(Ru)广(Guang)谱(Pu)抗(Kang)生(Sheng)素(Su)长(Chang)期(Qi)应(Ying)用(Yong)可(Ke)改(Gai)变(Bian)正(Zheng)常(Chang)肠(Chang)道(Dao)菌(Jun)群(Qun)的(De)关(Guan)系(Xi)使(Shi)肠(Chang)道(Dao)菌(Jun)群(Qun)失(Shi)调(Diao)导(Dao)致(Zhi)二(Er)重(Zhong)感(Gan)染(Ran)(superinfection);利(Li)尿(Niao)药(Yao)噻(Zuo)嗪(Zuo)类(Lei)引(Yin)起(Qi)的(De)低(Di)血(Xue)钾(Jia)可(Ke)以(Yi)使(Shi)患(Huan)者(Zhe)对(Dui)强(Qiang)心(Xin)药(Yao)地(Di)高(Gao)辛(Xin)不(Bu)耐(Nai)受(Shou)。青(Qing)霉(Mei)素(Su)类(Lei)引(Yin)致(Zhi)的(De)赫(He)氏(Shi)反(Fan)应(Ying)(Herxheimers reaction)也(Ye)属(Shu)于(Yu)继(Ji)发(Fa)反(Fan)应(Ying)。问(Wen)题(Ti)八(Ba):如(Ru)何(He)预(Yu)防(Fang)首(Shou)剂(Ji)效(Xiao)应(Ying)?首(Shou)剂(Ji)效(Xiao)应(Ying)(first dose effect)又(You)称(Cheng)首(Shou)剂(Ji)综(Zong)合(He)征(Zheng)(syndrome of first dose)或(Huo)首(Shou)剂(Ji)现(Xian)象(Xiang)(first dose phenomenon),系(Xi)指(Zhi)一(Yi)些(Xie)病(Bing)人(Ren)在(Zai)初(Chu)服(Fu)某(Mou)种(Zhong)药(Yao)物(Wu)时(Shi),由(You)于(Yu)肌(Ji)体(Ti)对(Dui)药(Yao)物(Wu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)尚(Shang)未(Wei)适(Shi)应(Ying)而(Er)引(Yin)起(Qi)不(Bu)可(Ke)耐(Nai)受(Shou)的(De)强(Qiang)烈(Lie)反(Fan)应(Ying)。最(Zui)初(Chu)发(Fa)现(Xian)引(Yin)起(Qi)首(Shou)剂(Ji)效(Xiao)应(Ying)的(De)药(Yao)物(Wu)为(Wei)α1受(Shou)体(Ti)阻(Zu)滞(Zhi)剂(Ji)哌(Zuo)唑(Zuo)嗪(Zuo)(prazoxin),该(Gai)药(Yao)引(Yin)起(Qi)的(De)首(Shou)剂(Ji)效(Xiao)应(Ying)表(Biao)现(Xian)为(Wei)恶(E)心(Xin)、头(Tou)晕(Yun)、头(Tou)痛(Tong)、心(Xin)悸(Ji)、嗜(Shi)睡(Shui)、体(Ti)位(Wei)性(Xing)低(Di)血(Xue)压(Ya)、休(Xiu)克(Ke)等(Deng);β受(Shou)体(Ti)阻(Zu)滞(Zhi)剂(Ji)和(He)钙(Gai)拮(Zuo)抗(Kang)剂(Ji)也(Ye)可(Ke)引(Yin)起(Qi)首(Shou)剂(Ji)效(Xiao)应(Ying)。为(Wei)预(Yu)防(Fang)哌(Zuo)唑(Zuo)嗪(Zuo)的(De)首(Shou)剂(Ji)效(Xiao)应(Ying),可(Ke)采(Cai)用(Yong)临(Lin)睡(Shui)前(Qian)给(Gei)药(Yao),并(Bing)从(Cong)小(Xiao)剂(Ji)量(Liang)(0.5mg)开(Kai)始(Shi);一(Yi)旦(Dan)发(Fa)生(Sheng)首(Shou)剂(Ji)效(Xiao)应(Ying),应(Ying)使(Shi)患(Huan)者(Zhe)平(Ping)卧(Wo),一(Yi)般(Ban)无(Wu)须(Xu)特(Te)殊(Shu)处(Chu)理(Li)。问(Wen)题(Ti)九(Jiu):后(Hou)遗(Yi)效(Xiao)应(Ying)是(Shi)一(Yi)种(Zhong)暂(Zan)时(Shi)性(Xing)的(De)还(Huan)是(Shi)永(Yong)久(Jiu)性(Xing)的(De)效(Xiao)应(Ying)?后(Hou)遗(Yi)效(Xiao)应(Ying)(after effect)是(Shi)指(Zhi)停(Ting)药(Yao)后(Hou)血(Xue)浓(Nong)度(Du)已(Yi)降(Jiang)至(Zhi)阈(Zuo)浓(Nong)度(Du)以(Yi)下(Xia)时(Shi)残(Can)存(Cun)的(De)生(Sheng)物(Wu)效(Xiao)应(Ying)。后(Hou)遗(Yi)效(Xiao)应(Ying)可(Ke)能(Neng)比(Bi)较(Jiao)短(Duan)暂(Zan),如(Ru)服(Fu)用(Yong)巴(Ba)比(Bi)妥(Tuo)类(Lei)催(Cui)眠(Mian)药(Yao)后(Hou)次(Ci)晨(Chen)的(De)宿(Su)醉(Zui)现(Xian)象(Xiang);也(Ye)可(Ke)能(Neng)比(Bi)较(Jiao)持(Chi)久(Jiu),如(Ru)长(Chang)期(Qi)应(Ying)用(Yong)肾(Shen)上(Shang)腺(Xian)皮(Pi)质(Zhi)激(Ji)素(Su),一(Yi)旦(Dan)停(Ting)药(Yao)后(Hou)肾(Shen)上(Shang)腺(Xian)皮(Pi)质(Zhi)功(Gong)能(Neng)低(Di)下(Xia),数(Shu)月(Yue)内(Nei)难(Nan)以(Yi)恢(Hui)复(Fu)。少(Shao)数(Shu)药(Yao)物(Wu)可(Ke)以(Yi)导(Dao)致(Zhi)永(Yong)久(Jiu)性(Xing)器(Qi)质(Zhi)性(Xing)损(Sun)害(Hai),如(Ru)链(Lian)霉(Mei)素(Su)引(Yin)起(Qi)永(Yong)久(Jiu)性(Xing)耳(Er)聋(Long)。问(Wen)题(Ti)十(Shi):何(He)谓(Wei)ADE?ADE是(Shi)adverse drug event的(De)缩(Suo)写(Xie),即(Ji)药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)事(Shi)件(Jian)。药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)事(Shi)件(Jian)与(Yu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)的(De)含(Han)义(Yi)有(You)所(Suo)不(Bu)同(Tong)。不(Bu)良(Liang)事(Shi)件(Jian)是(Shi)指(Zhi)在(Zai)药(Yao)物(Wu)治(Zhi)疗(Liao)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)出(Chu)现(Xian)的(De)不(Bu)利(Li)的(De)临(Lin)床(Chuang)事(Shi)件(Jian),但(Dan)该(Gai)事(Shi)件(Jian)未(Wei)必(Bi)与(Yu)药(Yao)物(Wu)有(You)因(Yin)果(Guo)关(Guan)系(Xi)。不(Bu)良(Liang)事(Shi)件(Jian)也(Ye)可(Ke)理(Li)解(Jie)为(Wei)new clinical incidents and/or adverse reactions,即(Ji)它(Ta)包(Bao)含(Han)临(Lin)床(Chuang)新(Xin)出(Chu)现(Xian)的(De)偶(Ou)然(Ran)事(Shi)件(Jian)及(Ji)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying),例(Li)如(Ru)在(Zai)使(Shi)用(Yong)某(Mou)种(Zhong)药(Yao)物(Wu)期(Qi)间(Jian)出(Chu)现(Xian)的(De)病(Bing)情(Qing)的(De)恶(E)化(Hua),并(Bing)发(Fa)症(Zheng),就(Jiu)诊(Zhen)或(Huo)住(Zhu)院(Yuan),化(Hua)验(Yan)结(Jie)果(Guo)异(Yi)常(Chang),各(Ge)种(Zhong)原(Yuan)因(Yin)的(De)死(Si)亡(Wang),各(Ge)种(Zhong)事(Shi)故(Gu)如(Ru)骨(Gu)折(Zhe)、车(Che)祸(Huo),或(Huo)导(Dao)致(Zhi)这(Zhe)些(Xie)事(Shi)故(Gu)的(De)原(Yuan)因(Yin)--瞌(Zuo)睡(Shui)、眩(Xuan)晕(Yun)、晕(Yun)厥(Zuo)、视(Shi)力(Li)障(Zhang)碍(Ai)等(Deng),以(Yi)及(Ji)可(Ke)疑(Yi)的(De)药(Yao)物(Wu)不(Bu)良(Liang)反(Fan)应(Ying)。ADE是(Shi)否(Fou)确(Que)为(Wei)药(Yao)物(Wu)所(Suo)致(Zhi)须(Xu)经(Jing)分(Fen)析(Xi)评(Ping)估(Gu)。为(Wei)正(Zheng)确(Que)理(Li)解(Jie)ADE的(De)含(Han)义(Yi),现(Xian)将(Jiang)WHO国(Guo)际(Ji)药(Yao)物(Wu)监(Jian)测(Ce)合(He)作(Zuo)中(Zhong)心(Xin)规(Gui)定(Ding)的(De)不(Bu)良(Liang)事(Shi)件(Jian)定(Ding)义(Yi)抄(Chao)录(Lu)如(Ru)下(Xia):Any untoward medical occurrence that may present during treatment with a pharmaceutical product but which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment.
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李宗仁到达省城后立即向巡抚大人汇报了案情巡抚听罢面色凝重随即召集各路官员商议对策经过激烈讨论最终决定由李宗仁牵头联合周边几个州县的官员对这个犯罪集团展开全面调查和打击