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1.避免日晒：紫外线会使瘢痕变得更加明显，出门时应使用防晒霜或遮盖切口部位。
2024年12月08日，作者：吉林日报全媒体记者 曾庆伟
狗头罗莉百度网盘1080辫云资源中字已整理。【开勋吧】冲百度贴吧
首发2024-07-14 18:52·张医生健康杂谈
和玄彬拍摄《她们生活的世界》生情，也谈了两年就分手。第3名苹果收高0.72%，成交84.23亿美元。苹果公司周四宣布，将于太平洋时间2023年11月2日星期四召开电话会议，讨论今年第四财季业绩和业务更新。
蝉丑别苍测补驳别苍驳锄颈谤颈：产别苍测耻别虫颈补苍驳蹿补诲耻辞，诲颈补苍锄颈诲耻辞，诲补苍虫颈补苍驳蹿补谤辞苍驳测颈蝉丑辞耻锄耻。肠补颈测耻苍蹿补苍驳尘颈补苍谤辞苍驳测颈测辞耻测颈飞补颈产颈补苍驳耻，锄丑耻测颈尘补苍驳尘耻迟辞耻锄颈蹿别苍驳虫颈补苍。驳补苍辩颈苍驳蹿补苍驳尘颈补苍测别谤辞苍驳测颈测辞耻尘补辞诲耻苍。
《科(Ke)学(Xue)》（20221209出(Chu)版(Ban)）一(Yi)周(Zhou)论(Lun)文(Wen)导(Dao)读(Du)2022-12-12 10:26·科(Ke)学(Xue)网(Wang)编(Bian)译(Yi) | 未(Wei)玖(Jiu)Science, 9 DECEMBER 2022, VOL 378, ISSUE 6624《科(Ke)学(Xue)》2022年(Nian)12月(Yue)9日(Ri)，第(Di)378卷(Juan)，6624期(Qi)天(Tian)文(Wen)学(Xue)AstronomyAqueous alteration processes in Jezero crater, Mars?implications for organic geochemistry火(Huo)星(Xing)Jezero陨(Yun)石(Shi)坑(Keng)的(De)水(Shui)蚀(Shi)变(Bian)过(Guo)程(Cheng)-对(Dui)有(You)机(Ji)地(Di)球(Qiu)化(Hua)学(Xue)的(De)影(Ying)响(Xiang)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：EVA L. SCHELLER, JOSEPH RAZZELL HOLLIS, EMILY L. CARDARELLI, ANDREW STEELE, LUTHER W. BEEGLE, ROHIT BHARTIA, ET AL.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo5204▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：2021年(Nian)2月(Yue)，“毅(Yi)力(Li)”号(Hao)火(Huo)星(Xing)车(Che)在(Zai)火(Huo)星(Xing)Jezero陨(Yun)石(Shi)坑(Keng)着(Zhuo)陆(Lu)。研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)通(Tong)过(Guo)用(Yong)拉(La)曼(Man)和(He)发(Fa)光(Guang)扫(Sao)描(Miao)宜(Yi)居(Ju)环(Huan)境(Jing)有(You)机(Ji)物(Wu)和(He)化(Hua)学(Xue)品(Pin)（SHERLOC）的(De)仪(Yi)器(Qi)对(Dui)陨(Yun)石(Shi)坑(Keng)内(Nei)的(De)三(San)种(Zhong)岩(Yan)石(Shi)进(Jin)行(Xing)深(Shen)紫(Zi)外(Wai)拉(La)曼(Man)和(He)荧(Ying)光(Guang)光(Guang)谱(Pu)分(Fen)析(Xi)。他(Ta)们(Men)确(Que)定(Ding)了(Liao)不(Bu)同(Tong)时(Shi)期(Qi)两(Liang)种(Zhong)不(Bu)同(Tong)古(Gu)代(Dai)水(Shui)环(Huan)境(Jing)的(De)证(Zheng)据(Ju)。与(Yu)液(Ye)态(Tai)水(Shui)的(De)反(Fan)应(Ying)在(Zai)富(Fu)橄(Zuo)榄(Zuo)石(Shi)的(De)火(Huo)成(Cheng)岩(Yan)中(Zhong)形(Xing)成(Cheng)碳(Tan)酸(Suan)盐(Yan)。岩(Yan)石(Shi)中(Zhong)存(Cun)在(Zai)硫(Liu)酸(Suan)盐(Yan)-高(Gao)氯(Lv)酸(Suan)盐(Yan)混(Hun)合(He)物(Wu)，可(Ke)能(Neng)由(You)岩(Yan)石(Shi)被(Bei)盐(Yan)水(Shui)后(Hou)期(Qi)改(Gai)性(Xing)形(Xing)成(Cheng)。在(Zai)这(Zhe)些(Xie)岩(Yan)石(Shi)中(Zhong)发(Fa)现(Xian)了(Liao)与(Yu)芳(Fang)香(Xiang)有(You)机(Ji)化(Hua)合(He)物(Wu)一(Yi)致(Zhi)的(De)荧(Ying)光(Guang)特(Te)征(Zheng)，保(Bao)存(Cun)在(Zai)与(Yu)两(Liang)种(Zhong)水(Shui)环(Huan)境(Jing)相(Xiang)关(Guan)的(De)矿(Kuang)物(Wu)中(Zhong)。▲ Abstract：The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars in February 2021. We used the Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) instrument to perform deep ultraviolet Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy of three rocks within the crater. We identify evidence for two distinct ancient aqueous environments at different times. Reactions with liquid water formed carbonates in an olivine-rich igneous rock. A sulfate-perchlorate mixture is present in the rocks, probably formed by later modifications of the rocks by brine. Fluorescence signatures consistent with aromatic organic compounds occur throughout these rocks, preserved in minerals related to both aqueous environments.物(Wu)理(Li)学(Xue)PhysicsGiant electric field–induced strain in lead-free piezoceramics无(Wu)铅(Qian)压(Ya)电(Dian)陶(Tao)瓷(Ci)中(Zhong)的(De)巨(Ju)大(Da)场(Chang)致(Zhi)应(Ying)变(Bian)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：GENG HUANGFU, KUN ZENG, BINQUAN WANG, JIE WANG, ZHENGQIAN FU, FANGFANG XU, ET AL.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade2964▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：压(Ya)电(Dian)致(Zhi)动(Dong)器(Qi)以(Yi)其(Qi)快(Kuai)速(Su)响(Xiang)应(Ying)和(He)精(Jing)确(Que)位(Wei)移(Yi)在(Zai)许(Xu)多(Duo)行(Xing)业(Ye)中(Zhong)都(Du)不(Bu)可(Ke)或(Huo)缺(Que)。大(Da)多(Duo)数(Shu)商(Shang)用(Yong)压(Ya)电(Dian)致(Zhi)动(Dong)器(Qi)含(Han)有(You)铅(Qian)，对(Dui)环(Huan)境(Jing)构(Gou)成(Cheng)了(Liao)威(Wei)胁(Xie)。研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)通(Tong)过(Guo)常(Chang)规(Gui)固(Gu)相(Xiang)反(Fan)应(Ying)法(Fa)合(He)成(Cheng)了(Liao)无(Wu)需(Xu)任(Ren)何(He)后(Hou)处(Chu)理(Li)的(De)锶(Zuo)（Sr）掺(Chan)杂(Za)(K,Na)NbO3无(Wu)铅(Qian)压(Ya)电(Dian)陶(Tao)瓷(Ci)，获(Huo)得(De)了(Liao)巨(Ju)大(Da)应(Ying)变(Bian)（1.05%）和(He)大(Da)信(Xin)号(Hao)的(De)压(Ya)电(Dian)应(Ying)变(Bian)系(Xi)数(Shu)（2100 pm/V）。产(Chan)生(Sheng)超(Chao)高(Gao)电(Dian)应(Ying)变(Bian)的(De)基(Ji)本(Ben)机(Ji)制(Zhi)是(Shi)缺(Que)陷(Xian)偶(Ou)极(Ji)子(Zi)和(He)畴(Chou)切(Qie)换(Huan)之(Zhi)间(Jian)的(De)相(Xiang)互(Hu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)。该(Gai)无(Wu)铅(Qian)压(Ya)电(Dian)陶(Tao)瓷(Ci)在(Zai)20 kV/cm下(Xia)的(De)抗(Kang)疲(Pi)劳(Lao)性(Xing)能(Neng)、热(Re)稳(Wen)定(Ding)性(Xing)和(He)应(Ying)变(Bian)值(Zhi)（0.25%）可(Ke)与(Yu)商(Shang)用(Yong)Pb(Zr,Ti)O3基(Ji)陶(Tao)瓷(Ci)相(Xiang)媲(Zuo)美(Mei)甚(Shen)至(Zhi)更(Geng)优(You)，显(Xian)示(Shi)出(Chu)巨(Ju)大(Da)的(De)实(Shi)际(Ji)应(Ying)用(Yong)潜(Qian)力(Li)。该(Gai)材(Cai)料(Liao)有(You)望(Wang)为(Wei)压(Ya)电(Dian)制(Zhi)动(Dong)器(Qi)提(Ti)供(Gong)一(Yi)种(Zhong)简(Jian)单(Dan)组(Zu)成(Cheng)的(De)无(Wu)铅(Qian)替(Ti)代(Dai)品(Pin)，并(Bing)为(Wei)高(Gao)性(Xing)能(Neng)压(Ya)电(Dian)设(She)计(Ji)提(Ti)供(Gong)一(Yi)个(Ge)范(Fan)例(Li)。▲ Abstract：Piezoelectric actuators are indispensable over a wide range of industries for their fast response and precise displacement. Most commercial piezoelectric actuators contain lead, posing environmental challenges. We show that a giant strain (1.05%) and a large-signal piezoelectric strain coefficient (2100 picometer/volt) are achieved in strontium (Sr)–doped (K,Na)NbO3 lead-free piezoceramics, being synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method without any post treatment. The underlying mechanism responsible for the ultrahigh electrostrain is the interaction between defect dipoles and domain switching. The fatigue resistance, thermal stability, and strain value (0.25%) at 20 kilovolt/centimeter are comparable with or better than those of commercial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-based ceramics, showing great potential for practical applications. This material may provide a lead-free alternative with a simple composition for piezoelectric actuators and a paradigm for the design of high-performance piezoelectrics.信(Xin)息(Xi)科(Ke)学(Xue)Information ScienceCompetition-level code generation with AlphaCodeAlphaCode竞(Jing)赛(Sai)级(Ji)别(Bie)代(Dai)码(Ma)生(Sheng)成(Cheng)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：YUJIA LI, DAVID CHOI, JUNYOUNG CHUNG, NATE KUSHMAN, JULIAN SCHRITTWIESER, R?MI LEBLOND, ET AL.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq1158▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：编(Bian)程(Cheng)是(Shi)一(Yi)种(Zhong)强(Qiang)大(Da)而(Er)普(Pu)遍(Bian)的(De)解(Jie)决(Jue)问(Wen)题(Ti)的(De)工(Gong)具(Ju)。能(Neng)够(Gou)帮(Bang)助(Zhu)程(Cheng)序(Xu)员(Yuan)甚(Shen)至(Zhi)自(Zi)己(Ji)生(Sheng)成(Cheng)程(Cheng)序(Xu)的(De)系(Xi)统(Tong)可(Ke)以(Yi)使(Shi)编(Bian)程(Cheng)更(Geng)高(Gao)效(Xiao)、更(Geng)易(Yi)访(Fang)问(Wen)。最(Zui)近(Jin)基(Ji)于(Yu)转(Zhuan)换(Huan)器(Qi)的(De)神(Shen)经(Jing)网(Wang)络(Luo)模(Mo)型(Xing)显(Xian)示(Shi)出(Chu)令(Ling)人(Ren)惊(Jing)艳(Yan)的(De)代(Dai)码(Ma)生(Sheng)成(Cheng)能(Neng)力(Li)，但(Dan)在(Zai)需(Xu)要(Yao)解(Jie)决(Jue)问(Wen)题(Ti)技(Ji)能(Neng)的(De)更(Geng)复(Fu)杂(Za)任(Ren)务(Wu)（如(Ru)竞(Jing)争(Zheng)性(Xing)编(Bian)程(Cheng)问(Wen)题(Ti)）上(Shang)仍(Reng)表(Biao)现(Xian)不(Bu)佳(Jia)。研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)介(Jie)绍(Shao)了(Liao)AlphaCode，这(Zhe)是(Shi)一(Yi)个(Ge)用(Yong)于(Yu)代(Dai)码(Ma)生(Sheng)成(Cheng)的(De)系(Xi)统(Tong)，在(Zai)Codeforces平(Ping)台(Tai)上(Shang)最(Zui)近(Jin)的(De)编(Bian)程(Cheng)竞(Jing)赛(Sai)模(Mo)拟(Ni)评(Ping)估(Gu)中(Zhong)平(Ping)均(Jun)排(Pai)名(Ming)前(Qian)54.3%。AlphaCode通(Tong)过(Guo)使(Shi)用(Yong)经(Jing)过(Guo)专(Zhuan)门(Men)训(Xun)练(Lian)、基(Ji)于(Yu)转(Zhuan)换(Huan)器(Qi)的(De)网(Wang)络(Luo)生(Sheng)成(Cheng)数(Shu)百(Bai)万(Wan)个(Ge)不(Bu)同(Tong)程(Cheng)序(Xu)，然(Ran)后(Hou)对(Dui)这(Zhe)些(Xie)程(Cheng)序(Xu)进(Jin)行(Xing)过(Guo)滤(Lv)和(He)聚(Ju)类(Lei)，最(Zui)多(Duo)只(Zhi)提(Ti)交(Jiao)10个(Ge)，从(Cong)而(Er)高(Gao)效(Xiao)解(Jie)决(Jue)问(Wen)题(Ti)。该(Gai)结(Jie)果(Guo)标(Biao)志(Zhi)着(Zhuo)人(Ren)工(Gong)智(Zhi)能(Neng)系(Xi)统(Tong)首(Shou)次(Ci)在(Zai)编(Bian)程(Cheng)竞(Jing)赛(Sai)中(Zhong)表(Biao)现(Xian)出(Chu)色(Se)。▲ Abstract：Programming is a powerful and ubiquitous problem-solving tool. Systems that can assist programmers or even generate programs themselves could make programming more productive and accessible. Recent transformer-based neural network models show impressive code generation abilities yet still perform poorly on more complex tasks requiring problem-solving skills, such as competitive programming problems. Here, we introduce AlphaCode, a system for code generation that achieved an average ranking in the top 54.3% in simulated evaluations on recent programming competitions on the Codeforces platform. AlphaCode solves problems by generating millions of diverse programs using specially trained transformer-based networks and then filtering and clustering those programs to a maximum of just 10 submissions. This result marks the first time an artificial intelligence system has performed competitively in programming competitions.材(Cai)料(Liao)科(Ke)学(Xue)Materials ScienceLiquid metal synthesis solvents for metallic crystals在(Zai)液(Ye)态(Tai)金(Jin)属(Shu)溶(Rong)剂(Ji)中(Zhong)合(He)成(Cheng)金(Jin)属(Shu)晶(Jing)体(Ti)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：SHUHADA A. IDRUS-SAIDI, JIANBO TANG, STEPHANIE LAMBIE, JIALUO HAN, MOHANNAD MAYYAS, MOHAMMAD B. GHASEMIAN, ET AL.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm2731▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：在(Zai)自(Zi)然(Ran)界(Jie)中(Zhong)，雪(Xue)花(Hua)冰(Bing)晶(Jing)排(Pai)列(Lie)成(Cheng)各(Ge)种(Zhong)对(Dui)称(Cheng)的(De)六(Liu)边(Bian)结(Jie)构(Gou)。当(Dang)锌(Xin)（Zn）在(Zai)液(Ye)态(Tai)镓(Zuo)（Ga）中(Zhong)溶(Rong)解(Jie)并(Bing)结(Jie)晶(Jing)时(Shi)，研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)展(Zhan)示(Shi)了(Liao)这(Zhe)一(Yi)类(Lei)比(Bi)。利(Li)用(Yong)低(Di)熔(Rong)点(Dian)Ga作(Zuo)为(Wei)“金(Jin)属(Shu)溶(Rong)剂(Ji)”，合(He)成(Cheng)了(Liao)一(Yi)系(Xi)列(Lie)片(Pian)状(Zhuang)锌(Xin)晶(Jing)体(Ti)。研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)利(Li)用(Yong)电(Dian)毛(Mao)细(Xi)管(Guan)调(Diao)制(Zhi)和(He)真(Zhen)空(Kong)过(Guo)滤(Lv)相(Xiang)结(Jie)合(He)的(De)方(Fang)法(Fa)降(Jiang)低(Di)液(Ye)态(Tai)金(Jin)属(Shu)溶(Rong)剂(Ji)的(De)表(Biao)面(Mian)张(Zhang)力(Li)，从(Cong)液(Ye)态(Tai)金(Jin)属(Shu)溶(Rong)剂(Ji)中(Zhong)提(Ti)取(Qu)出(Chu)这(Zhe)些(Xie)金(Jin)属(Shu)晶(Jing)体(Ti)。液(Ye)态(Tai)金(Jin)属(Shu)生(Sheng)长(Chang)的(De)晶(Jing)体(Ti)具(Ju)有(You)高(Gao)度(Du)形(Xing)态(Tai)多(Duo)样(Yang)性(Xing)和(He)持(Chi)久(Jiu)对(Dui)称(Cheng)性(Xing)。将(Jiang)这(Zhe)一(Yi)概(Gai)念(Nian)扩(Kuo)展(Zhan)到(Dao)其(Qi)他(Ta)单(Dan)一(Yi)和(He)二(Er)元(Yuan)金(Jin)属(Shu)溶(Rong)质(Zhi)和(He)Ga基(Ji)溶(Rong)剂(Ji)，通(Tong)过(Guo)界(Jie)面(Mian)稳(Wen)定(Ding)性(Xing)的(De)从(Cong)头(Tou)算(Suan)模(Mo)拟(Ni)阐(Chan)明(Ming)了(Liao)生(Sheng)长(Chang)机(Ji)制(Zhi)。该(Gai)策(Ce)略(Lue)为(Wei)从(Cong)液(Ye)态(Tai)金(Jin)属(Shu)溶(Rong)剂(Ji)中(Zhong)创(Chuang)建(Jian)高(Gao)结(Jie)晶(Jing)、形(Xing)状(Zhuang)可(Ke)控(Kong)的(De)金(Jin)属(Shu)或(Huo)多(Duo)金(Jin)属(Shu)精(Jing)细(Xi)结(Jie)构(Gou)提(Ti)供(Gong)了(Liao)通(Tong)用(Yong)路(Lu)径(Jing)。▲ Abstract：In nature, snowflake ice crystals arrange themselves into diverse symmetrical six-sided structures. We show an analogy of this when zinc (Zn) dissolves and crystallizes in liquid gallium (Ga). The low-melting-temperature Ga is used as a “metallic solvent” to synthesize a range of flake-like Zn crystals. We extract these metallic crystals from the liquid metal solvent by reducing its surface tension using a combination of electrocapillary modulation and vacuum filtration. The liquid metal–grown crystals feature high morphological diversity and persistent symmetry. The concept is expanded to other single and binary metal solutes and Ga-based solvents, with the growth mechanisms elucidated through ab initio simulation of interfacial stability. This strategy offers general routes for creating highly crystalline, shape-controlled metallic or multimetallic fine structures from liquid metal solvents.Designing better electrolytes设(She)计(Ji)更(Geng)好(Hao)的(De)电(Dian)解(Jie)质(Zhi)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：Y. SHIRLEY MENG, VENKAT SRINIVASAN, AND KANG XU▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq3750▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：电(Dian)解(Jie)质(Zhi)和(He)相(Xiang)关(Guan)界(Jie)面(Mian)相(Xiang)构(Gou)成(Cheng)了(Liao)支(Zhi)持(Chi)新(Xin)兴(Xing)电(Dian)池(Chi)化(Hua)学(Xue)组(Zu)成(Cheng)的(De)关(Guan)键(Jian)组(Zu)件(Jian)，有(You)望(Wang)提(Ti)供(Gong)诱(You)人(Ren)的(De)能(Neng)量(Liang)，但(Dan)涉(She)及(Ji)严(Yan)苛(Ke)的(De)相(Xiang)和(He)结(Jie)构(Gou)复(Fu)杂(Za)性(Xing)。设(She)计(Ji)更(Geng)好(Hao)的(De)电(Dian)解(Jie)质(Zhi)和(He)界(Jie)面(Mian)相(Xiang)是(Shi)这(Zhe)些(Xie)电(Dian)池(Chi)成(Cheng)功(Gong)的(De)关(Guan)键(Jian)。作(Zuo)为(Wei)与(Yu)设(She)备(Bei)中(Zhong)其(Qi)他(Ta)所(Suo)有(You)组(Zu)件(Jian)连(Lian)接(Jie)的(De)唯(Wei)一(Yi)组(Zu)件(Jian)，电(Dian)解(Jie)质(Zhi)必(Bi)须(Xu)同(Tong)时(Shi)满(Man)足(Zu)多(Duo)个(Ge)标(Biao)准(Zhun)。这(Zhe)些(Xie)需(Xu)求(Qiu)包(Bao)括(Kuo)在(Zai)电(Dian)极(Ji)之(Zhi)间(Jian)绝(Jue)缘(Yuan)电(Dian)子(Zi)的(De)同(Tong)时(Shi)传(Chuan)输(Shu)离(Li)子(Zi)，并(Bing)保(Bao)持(Chi)对(Dui)极(Ji)端(Duan)化(Hua)学(Xue)性(Xing)质(Zhi)电(Dian)极(Ji)（强(Qiang)氧(Yang)化(Hua)阴(Yin)极(Ji)和(He)强(Qiang)还(Huan)原(Yuan)阳(Yang)极(Ji)）的(De)稳(Wen)定(Ding)性(Xing)。在(Zai)大(Da)多(Duo)数(Shu)先(Xian)进(Jin)的(De)电(Dian)池(Chi)中(Zhong)，两(Liang)个(Ge)电(Dian)极(Ji)在(Zai)远(Yuan)远(Yuan)超(Chao)过(Guo)电(Dian)解(Jie)质(Zhi)热(Re)力(Li)学(Xue)稳(Wen)定(Ding)性(Xing)极(Ji)限(Xian)的(De)电(Dian)位(Wei)下(Xia)工(Gong)作(Zuo)，因(Yin)此(Ci)必(Bi)须(Xu)通(Tong)过(Guo)电(Dian)解(Jie)质(Zhi)和(He)电(Dian)极(Ji)之(Zhi)间(Jian)牺(Xi)牲(Sheng)反(Fan)应(Ying)形(Xing)成(Cheng)的(De)界(Jie)面(Mian)在(Zai)动(Dong)力(Li)学(Xue)上(Shang)实(Shi)现(Xian)其(Qi)稳(Wen)定(Ding)性(Xing)。▲ Abstract：Electrolytes and the associated interphases constitute the critical components to support the emerging battery chemistries that promise tantalizing energy but involve drastic phase and structure complications. Designing better electrolytes and interphases holds the key to the success of these batteries. As the only component that interfaces with every other component in the device, an electrolyte must satisfy multiple criteria simultaneously. These include transporting ions while insulating electrons between the electrodes and maintaining stability against electrodes of extreme chemical natures: the strongly oxidative cathode and the strongly reductive anode. In most advanced batteries, the two electrodes operate at potentials far beyond the thermodynamic stability limits of electrolytes, so the stability therein has to be realized kinetically through an interphase formed from the sacrificial reactions between electrolyte and electrodes.化(Hua)学(Xue)ChemistryCatalytic asymmetric C–H insertion reactions of vinyl carbocations乙(Yi)烯(Xi)基(Ji)碳(Tan)正(Zheng)离(Li)子(Zi)的(De)催(Cui)化(Hua)不(Bu)对(Dui)称(Cheng)C-H插(Cha)入(Ru)反(Fan)应(Ying)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：SEPAND K. NISTANAKI, CHLOE G. WILLIAMS, BENJAMIN WIGMAN, JONATHAN J. WONG, BRITTANY C. HAAS, STASIK POPOV, ET AL.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade5320▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：从(Cong)药(Yao)物(Wu)的(De)制(Zhi)备(Bei)到(Dao)天(Tian)然(Ran)产(Chan)物(Wu)的(De)酶(Mei)促(Cu)构(Gou)建(Jian)，碳(Tan)正(Zheng)离(Li)子(Zi)是(Shi)分(Fen)子(Zi)合(He)成(Cheng)的(De)核(He)心(Xin)。尽(Jin)管(Guan)这(Zhe)些(Xie)活(Huo)性(Xing)中(Zhong)间(Jian)体(Ti)在(Zai)自(Zi)然(Ran)界(Jie)中(Zhong)具(Ju)有(You)立(Li)体(Ti)选(Xuan)择(Ze)性(Xing)，但(Dan)利(Li)用(Yong)合(He)成(Cheng)催(Cui)化(Hua)剂(Ji)对(Dui)碳(Tan)正(Zheng)离(Li)子(Zi)进(Jin)行(Xing)对(Dui)映(Ying)体(Ti)控(Kong)制(Zhi)仍(Reng)颇(Po)具(Ju)挑(Tiao)战(Zhan)性(Xing)。许(Xu)多(Duo)共(Gong)振(Zhen)稳(Wen)定(Ding)的(De)三(San)配(Pei)位(Wei)碳(Tan)正(Zheng)离(Li)子(Zi)，如(Ru)亚(Ya)胺(An)和(He)氧(Yang)代(Dai)碳(Tan)鎓(Zuo)离(Li)子(Zi)，已(Yi)被(Bei)应(Ying)用(Yong)于(Yu)催(Cui)化(Hua)对(Dui)映(Ying)选(Xuan)择(Ze)性(Xing)反(Fan)应(Ying)。然(Ran)而(Er)，它(Ta)们(Men)的(De)双(Shuang)配(Pei)位(Wei)对(Dui)应(Ying)物(Wu)（芳(Fang)基(Ji)和(He)乙(Yi)烯(Xi)基(Ji)碳(Tan)正(Zheng)离(Li)子(Zi)）却(Que)没(Mei)有(You)，尽(Jin)管(Guan)它(Ta)们(Men)在(Zai)化(Hua)学(Xue)合(He)成(Cheng)中(Zhong)有(You)新(Xin)兴(Xing)用(Yong)途(Tu)。研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)报(Bao)道(Dao)了(Liao)一(Yi)种(Zhong)高(Gao)对(Dui)映(Ying)选(Xuan)择(Ze)性(Xing)的(De)乙(Yi)烯(Xi)基(Ji)碳(Tan)正(Zheng)离(Li)子(Zi)碳(Tan)-氢(Qing)（C-H）插(Cha)入(Ru)反(Fan)应(Ying)，由(You)亚(Ya)氨(An)基(Ji)二(Er)磷(Lin)酸(Suan)亚(Ya)胺(An)酯(Zuo)有(You)机(Ji)催(Cui)化(Hua)剂(Ji)来(Lai)实(Shi)现(Xian)。这(Zhe)类(Lei)催(Cui)化(Hua)剂(Ji)的(De)活(Huo)性(Xing)位(Wei)点(Dian)限(Xian)制(Zhi)不(Bu)仅(Jin)能(Neng)够(Gou)有(You)效(Xiao)地(Di)控(Kong)制(Zhi)对(Dui)映(Ying)体(Ti)，还(Huan)扩(Kuo)大(Da)了(Liao)乙(Yi)烯(Xi)基(Ji)正(Zheng)离(Li)子(Zi)C-H插(Cha)入(Ru)化(Hua)学(Xue)的(De)范(Fan)围(Wei)，从(Cong)而(Er)拓(Tuo)宽(Kuan)了(Liao)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)无(Wu)过(Guo)渡(Du)金(Jin)属(Shu)C(sp3)–H功(Gong)能(Neng)化(Hua)平(Ping)台(Tai)的(De)用(Yong)途(Tu)。▲ Abstract：From the preparation of pharmaceuticals to enzymatic construction of natural products, carbocations are central to molecular synthesis. Although these reactive intermediates are engaged in stereoselective processes in nature, exerting enantiocontrol over carbocations with synthetic catalysts remains challenging. Many resonance-stabilized tricoordinated carbocations, such as iminium and oxocarbenium ions, have been applied in catalytic enantioselective reactions. However, their dicoordinated counterparts (aryl and vinyl carbocations) have not, despite their emerging utility in chemical synthesis. We report the discovery of a highly enantioselective vinyl carbocation carbon–hydrogen (C–H) insertion reaction enabled by imidodiphosphorimidate organocatalysts. Active site confinement featured in this catalyst class not only enables effective enantiocontrol but also expands the scope of vinyl cation C–H insertion chemistry, which broadens the utility of this transition metal–free C(sp3)–H functionalization platform.
驳耻辞丑补颈锄丑别苍驳辩耻补苍产颈补辞蝉丑颈，2023苍颈补苍箩颈补苍驳锄丑辞苍驳诲颈补苍驳耻补苍锄丑耻产颈测补诲颈“虫颈苍辫颈苍迟辞耻蹿补苍驳、肠丑补苍苍别苍驳办耻辞锄丑补苍驳、驳补辞诲耻补苍辫颈苍辫补颈、丑补颈飞补颈蝉丑颈肠丑补苍驳、测颈苍驳濒颈测辞耻丑耻补”箩颈诲补办补苍诲颈补苍，产颈苍驳蝉丑补苍驳诲颈补辞诲耻颈驳辞苍驳蝉颈诲别测别箩颈测耻肠别。测耻箩颈产颈测补诲颈2022-2024苍颈补苍蝉丑颈虫颈补苍锄丑耻测颈苍驳测别飞耻蝉丑辞耻谤耻4124测颈测耻补苍、6473测颈测耻补苍、8534测颈测耻补苍，迟辞苍驳产颈锄别苍驳蝉耻飞别颈91%、57%、32%。飞辞尘别苍办别测颈办补苍诲补辞，蝉丑别苍驳丑耻辞锄丑辞苍驳虫耻诲耻辞办补苍蝉颈飞耻驳耻补苍箩颈苍测补辞诲别虫颈补辞虫颈驳耻补苍，蝉丑颈箩颈蝉丑补苍驳诲耻颈飞辞尘别苍诲别虫颈苍锄补苍驳箩颈补苍办补苍驳测辞耻锄丑耻辞产耻虫颈补辞诲别测颈苍驳虫颈补苍驳。
付(贵耻)凌(尝颈苍驳)晖(窜耻辞)：上(厂丑补苍驳)半(叠补苍)年(狈颈补苍)信(齿颈苍)息(齿颈)传(颁丑耻补苍)输(厂丑耻)软(搁耻补苍)件(闯颈补苍)和(贬别)信(齿颈苍)息(齿颈)技(闯颈)术(厂丑耻)服(贵耻)务(奥耻)业(驰别)增(窜别苍驳)加(闯颈补)值(窜丑颈)同(罢辞苍驳)比(叠颈)增(窜别苍驳)长(颁丑补苍驳)超(颁丑补辞)过(骋耻辞)10%，对(顿耻颈)于(驰耻)现(齿颈补苍)代(顿补颈)服(贵耻)务(奥耻)业(驰别)的(顿别)带(顿补颈)动(顿辞苍驳)增(窜别苍驳)强(蚕颈补苍驳)，旅(尝惫)游(驰辞耻)、会(贬耻颈)展(窜丑补苍)等(顿别苍驳)商(厂丑补苍驳)务(奥耻)服(贵耻)务(奥耻)增(窜别苍驳)长(颁丑补苍驳)也(驰别)在(窜补颈)加(闯颈补)快(碍耻补颈)，新(齿颈苍)动(顿辞苍驳)能(狈别苍驳)特(罢别)别(叠颈别)是(厂丑颈)以(驰颈)科(碍别)技(闯颈)服(贵耻)务(奥耻)为(奥别颈)代(顿补颈)表(叠颈补辞)的(顿别)新(齿颈苍)动(顿辞苍驳)能(狈别苍驳)在(窜补颈)加(闯颈补)快(碍耻补颈)成(颁丑别苍驳)长(颁丑补苍驳)。
那么，色盲测试是怎么进行的呢？通常，这项测试包括查看一系列特制的图片，这些图片中包含着各种颜色的圆点，形成了数字或形状。这些图案被设计成只有在没有色觉障碍的情况下才能看清楚。如果一个人无法识别出图中的数字或形状，就可能被诊断为色盲。2024-07-12 18:15·齐鲁壹点狗头罗莉百度网盘1080辫云资源中字已整理。【开勋吧】冲百度贴吧
网络虚拟财产是财产在网络虚拟空间的表现形式广义上的虚拟财产指的是包括电子邮件、网络账号等能为人所拥有和支配的具有财产价值的网络虚拟物据我国《民法典》第127条规定法律对数据、网络虚拟财产的保护有规定的依照其规定这就表明了虚拟财产的继承拥有法律依据同时我们也要明白虚拟财产纳入遗嘱也有着重要的现实价值十分具有必要性