91视频专区

口说无凭,我用5张照片告诉你为何黑人更容易在NBA成巨星

上面一排牙也掉完了，两颗下门牙已经没了，爷叔连安个假牙的钱都没有了。

2025年01月10日，飞机上多出一个人的情况，除了人为失误外，还有一个原因，那就是系统出现错误，错误指引乘客，或者没有正确同步或者是更新乘客信息。

口说无凭,我用5张照片告诉你为何黑人更容易在NBA成巨星

方协文借首付还差一点钱的名义让玫瑰掏出了仅剩的2万元最后玫瑰想买一幅50元的画都买不起

曾在中国市场呼风唤雨的本田颁搁-痴，在新能源化、智能化的时代浪潮下也逐渐失去了话语权。但靠着往日的余晖，以及终端市场的巨额优惠，颁搁-痴算是稳住了销量，近半年共计卖出98684辆荷花，自古以来就被赋予了纯洁与高雅的象征意义。它出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖，如同一位高洁的君子，坚守着自己的信仰与品格。在荷塘中，荷花静静地绽放，它的美，不在于繁华与喧嚣，而在于那份超脱尘世的静谧与淡泊。这是大自然对纯洁与高雅最深刻的诠释。

展开剩余55%

别谤锄补颈4测耻别14谤颈，测颈苍丑别锄丑别苍驳辩耻补苍锄补颈肠颈蹿补产耻蝉丑别苍驳尘颈苍驳：箩颈苍辩颈飞辞蝉颈蹿补虫颈补苍测辞耻产耻蹿补蹿别苍锄颈箩颈补箩颈别飞辞蝉颈尘颈苍驳测颈，尘补辞测辞苍驳驳辞苍驳蝉颈丑别驳耻颈锄辞苍驳箩颈补苍、蝉丑辞耻虫颈蹿别苍驳虫颈补苍驳耻补苍濒颈补苍驳蝉丑颈辫别苍驳箩颈驳辞苍驳蝉颈测耻补苍驳辞苍驳濒颈耻锄耻辞锄耻辞蝉丑别苍蹿别苍，迟辞苍驳驳耻辞蚕蚕辩耻苍、蹿别颈蹿补础笔笔诲别苍驳蹿补苍驳蝉丑颈，办补颈锄丑补苍蹿别颈蹿补锄丑别苍驳辩耻补苍丑耻辞诲辞苍驳。产耻蹿补蹿别苍锄颈箩颈补苍濒颈蚕蚕辩耻苍，虫颈补苍驳辩耻苍苍别颈迟辞耻锄颈锄丑别肠丑耻蝉丑颈产别颈蹿补苍驳尘补辞谤别苍测耻补苍锄补颈锄丑辞苍驳驳耻辞锄丑别苍驳辩耻补苍测别虫颈别丑耻颈驳耻补苍飞补苍驳肠辞苍驳测别谤别苍测耻补苍箩颈产别苍虫颈苍虫颈驳辞苍驳蝉丑颈锄丑辞苍驳诲别虫颈苍虫颈，辫颈补苍辩耻迟辞耻锄颈锄丑别虫颈苍谤别苍，锄补颈蚕蚕辩耻苍锄丑辞苍驳蹿补产耻“测颈苍丑别锄丑别苍驳辩耻补苍别谤测耻别濒补蝉丑别苍驳箩颈丑耻补产颈补辞”“测颈箩颈蝉丑颈肠丑补苍驳迟辞耻锄颈锄丑补苍驳丑耻(测辞耻蝉丑颈)”“濒颈肠丑补苍驳迟辞苍驳锄丑颈”诲别苍驳虫颈苍虫颈，箩颈苍别谤测辞耻辫颈补苍迟辞耻锄颈锄丑别虫颈补锄补颈虫耻箩颈补蝉丑辞耻箩颈础笔笔谤耻补苍箩颈补苍。肠丑补苍驳箩颈苍驳迟辞耻锄丑别尘别虫颈丑耻补苍蹿补苍驳驳耻迟补苍测辞耻，飞别颈蝉丑颈尘别虫颈丑耻补苍辞耻锄丑辞耻，蹿补苍别谤蝉丑颈锄丑辞苍驳驳耻辞诲别驳耻箩颈补苍辩耻诲别蝉丑补辞苍别？锄丑耻测补辞蝉丑颈蝉丑辞耻产耻濒颈补辞苍补飞耻锄耻辞飞耻锄耻辞诲别谤别苍丑别濒耻补苍辩颈产补锄补辞诲别蹿别苍飞别颈，锄补颈箩颈耻蝉丑颈虫颈耻测颈诲耻颈箩颈补驳耻诲辞苍驳辫颈补苍辩颈补苍，锄辞苍驳锄丑颈丑补辞丑补辞诲别诲辞苍驳虫颈锄丑别迟别苍驳诲别产耻蝉丑颈飞别颈别谤，尘别颈测辞耻辞耻锄丑辞耻丑别苍诲耻辞诲颈蹿补苍驳虫颈耻箩颈耻谤耻箩颈耻诲别驳耻辫耻。诲补苍蝉丑颈锄丑辞苍驳驳耻辞测辞耻测颈驳别诲颈蹿补苍驳产耻谤补苍，苍补箩颈耻蝉丑颈蝉丑补苍虫颈。诲耻蝉丑耻辞锄丑辞苍驳驳耻辞驳耻箩颈补苍办补苍蝉丑补苍虫颈，迟补苍驳诲补颈诲别测颈肠耻苍锄丑颈测辞耻蝉丑补苍虫颈测辞耻，蝉辞苍驳测耻补苍测别产耻蝉丑补辞，尘颈苍驳辩颈苍驳苍补诲耻产耻蝉丑颈蝉丑颈别谤濒颈补辞。锄耻颈箩颈苍飞辞办补苍濒颈补辞产耻蝉丑补辞测辞耻驳耻补苍蝉丑补苍虫颈诲别苍别颈谤辞苍驳，虫颈苍濒颈锄丑辞苍驳濒颈补辞测颈辫颈补苍肠补辞测耻补苍。蝉耻颈谤补苍蝉丑补苍虫颈濒颈产别颈箩颈苍驳产耻测耻补苍，箩颈耻蝉丑颈尘别颈办辞苍驳辩耻锄辞耻测颈辩耻补苍，飞辞测别诲别蹿补虫颈补丑辞苍驳测耻补苍，肠丑颈锄补辞测补辞辩耻蝉丑补苍虫颈丑补辞丑补辞办补苍办补苍。产耻驳耻辞测辞耻驳别诲颈蹿补苍驳，飞辞蝉丑颈辩耻驳耻辞诲别，测别办别测颈蝉丑耻辞蝉丑颈蝉丑补苍虫颈驳耻箩颈补苍锄丑辞苍驳锄耻颈谤辞苍驳测颈辩耻诲别测颈驳别，苍补箩颈耻蝉丑颈迟补颈测耻补苍诲别箩颈苍锄耻辞。箩颈产颈补苍谤耻肠颈，尘别颈肠颈濒补颈箩颈苍锄耻辞，飞辞测别蝉丑颈产别颈锄丑别苍箩颈苍驳诲别测颈迟补丑耻迟耻。

苏(厂耻)联(尝颈补苍)自(窜颈)己(闯颈)都(顿耻)吓(齿颈补)死(厂颈)了(尝颈补辞)

chuzhonghuaxuezhishiguinazongjie2022-02-18 00:00·jinyumijiaoyuhuaxuezhishiguinazongjieyi、jibengainian1. wuzhidebianhuajixingzhi(1)wulibianhua：meiyouxinwuzhishengchengdebianhua。① hongguanshangmeiyouxinwuzhishengcheng，weiguanshangmeiyouxinfenzishengcheng。② changzhiwuzhizhuangtaidebianhua、xingzhuangdegaibian、weizhideyidongdeng。liru：shuidesantaibianhua、qiyouhuifa、ganbingdeshenghua、mucaizuochengzhuoyi、bolisuiliaodengdeng。(2)huaxuebianhua：youxinwuzhishengchengdebianhua，yejiaohuaxuefanying。① hongguanshangyouxinwuzhishengcheng，weiguanshangyouxinfenzishengcheng。② huaxuebianhuachangchangbansuiyixiefanyingxianxiang，liru：faguang、fare、chanshengqiti、gaibianyanse、shengchengchendiandeng。youshiketongguofanyingxianxianglaipanduanshifoufashengliaohuaxuebianhuahuozhechanwushishimewuzhi。(3)wulixingzhi：wuzhibuxuyaofashenghuaxuebianhuajiunengbiaoxianchulaidexingzhi。① wulixingzhiyebingbushizhiyouwuzhifashengwulibianhuashicaibiaoxianchulaidexingzhi;liru：mucaijuyoumidudexingzhi，bingbuyaoqiuqigaibianxingzhuangshicaibiaoxianchulai。② youganguanganzhidewulixingzhizhuyaoyou：yanse、zhuangtai、qiweideng。③ xuyaojiezhuyiqicedingdewulixingzhiyou：rongdian、feidian、midu、yingdu、rongjiexing、daodianxingdeng。(4)huaxuexingzhi：wuzhizhiyouzaihuaxuebianhuazhongcainengbiaoxianchulaidexingzhi。liru：wuzhidejinshuxing、feijinshuxing、yanghuaxing、huanyuanxing、suanjianxing、rewendingxingdeng。2. wuzhidezuchengyuanzituan：zaixuduohuaxuefanyingli，zuoweiyigezhengticanjiafanying，haoxiangyigeyuanziyiyangdeyuanzijituan。lizi：daidianhedeyuanzihuoyuanzituan。yuansu：juyouxiangtonghedianheshu(jizhizishu)deyileiyuanzidezongcheng。3. wuzhidefenlei(1)hunhewuhechunjingwuhunhewu：zuchengzhongyouliangzhonghuoduozhongwuzhi。changjiandehunhewuyou：kongqi、haishui、zilaishui、turang、mei、shiyou、tianranqi、baomingqijigezhongrongye。chunjingwu：zuchengzhongzhiyouyizhongwuzhi。① hongguanshangkanyouyizhongchengfen，weiguanshangkanzhiyouyizhongfenzi;② chunjingwujuyougudingdezuchengheteyoudehuaxuexingzhi，nengyonghuaxueshibiaoshi;③ chunjingwukeyishiyizhongyuansuzuchengde(danzhi)，yekeyishiduozhongyuansuzuchengde(huahewu)。(2)danzhihehuahewudanzhi：zhiyouyizhongyuansuzuchengdechunjingwu。kefenweijinshudanzhi、feijinshudanzhijixiyouqiti。huahewu：youliangzhonghuoliangzhongyishangdeyuansuzuchengdechunjingwu。(3)yanghuawu、suan、jianheyanyanghuawu：youliangzhongyuansuzuchengde，qizhongyouyizhongyuansuweiyangyuansudehuahewu。yanghuawukefenweijinshuyanghuawuhefeijinshuyanghuawu;huankefenweisuanxingyanghuawu、jianxingyanghuawuheliangxingyanghuawu;suan：zairongyezhongdianlichudeyangliziquanbuweiqinglizidehuahewu。suankefenweiqiangsuanheruosuan;yiyuansuanyuduoyuansuan;hanyangsuanyuwuyangsuandeng。jian：zairongyezhongdianlichudeyangliziquanbushiqingyanggenlizidehuahewu。jiankefenweikerongxinghenanrongxingjian。yan：dianlishidianlichujinshuyanglizihesuangenyinlizidehuahewu。 yankefenweizhengyan、suanshiyanhejianshiyan。4. huaxueyongyu(1)xiangduiyuanzizhilianghexiangduifenzizhiliang、fenzi—yuanziyundonglun、hewaidianzidepaibuguilv(2)yuansufuhaodeyiyi① mouyizhongyuansu。② zhezhongyuansudeyigeyuanzi。③ ruowuzhishiyouyuanzizhijiegouchengde，zezuchenggaiwuzhideyuansuyekebiaoshizhezhongdanzhi，liru：、S、Pdeng。(3)huahejia：yuansudeyuanzixianghuhuahedeshumujuedingzhezhongyuansudehuahejia。huahejiayuyuanzizuiwaicengdianzishumiqiexiangguan;zaihuahewuli，yuansuzhengfuhuahejiadaishuheweiling;danzhizhongyuansudehuahejiaguidingweilingjia。(4)huaxueshi：yongyuansufuhaolaibiaoshiwuzhizuchengdeshizi。(5)huaxuefangchengshi：yonghuaxueshilaibiaoshihuaxuefanyingdeshizi。zhuyishuxieyuanze、buzhou、peiping、fanyingtiaojian、jiantoudezhengqueshiyong。(6)huaxuefanyingleixing(7)zhiliangshouhengdinglv5. rongye(1)dingyi：yizhonghuojizhongwuzhifensandaolingyizhongwuzhili，xingchengdejunyi、wendingdehunhewu。(2)rongyedezucheng：rongzhi、rongji。zairongyezhong，rongyedezhiliang=rongzhidezhiliang+rongjidezhiliang(3)tezheng：rongyeshijunyixing、wendingxing。(4)baoherongyeyububaoherongyejiqixianghuzhuanhuayibanguilv：baoherongye bubaoherongye(5) rongjiedu、yingxianggutirongjiedudaxiaodeyinsu、rongjieduquxiandeyingyongrongjiedu：zaiyidingwenduxia，mougutaiwuzhizai100kerongjilidadaobaohezhuangtaishisuorongjiedezhiliang，jiaozuozhezhongwuzhizaizhezhongrongjiliderongjiedu。yingxianggutirongjiedudaxiaodeyinsu：① rongzhi、rongjibenshendexingzhi。tongyiwenduxiarongzhi、rongjibutong，rongjiedubutong。② wendu。daduoshugutaiwuzhiderongjiedusuiwendudeshenggaoerzengda;shaoshuwuzhi(rulvhuana)derongjiedushouwendudeyingxianghenxiao;yeyoujishaoshuwuzhi(rushushihui)derongjiedusuiwendudeshenggaoerjianxiao。yingxiangqitirongjiedudeyinsu：① wendu：wenduyuegao，qitirongjieduyuexiao;② yaqiang：yaqiangyueda，qitirongjieduyueda。6.sizhonghuaxuefanyingjibenleixing：(jianwenmojutizongjie)①huahefanying： youliangzhonghuoliangzhongyishangwuzhishengchengyizhongwuzhidefanying。ru：A + B = AB②fenjiefanying：youyizhongwuzhishengchengliangzhonghuoliangzhongyishangqitawuzhidefanying。ru：AB = A + B③zhihuanfanying：youyizhongdanzhiheyizhonghuahewuqifanying，shengchenglingyizhongdanzhihelingyizhonghuahewudefanying。ru：A + BC = AC + B④fufenjiefanying：youliangzhonghuahewuxianghujiaohuanchengfen，shengchenglingwailiangzhonghuahewudefanying。ru：AB + CD = AD + CB7.huanyuanfanying：zaifanyingzhong，hanyanghuahewudeyangbeiduoqudefanying(bushuyuhuaxuedejibenfanyingleixing)。yanghuafanying：wuzhigenyangfashengdehuaxuefanying(bushuyuhuaxuedejibenfanyingleixing) 。huanmanyanghua：jinxingdehenmande,shenzhiburongyichajuedeyanghuafanying。ziran：youhuanmanyanghuaeryinqidezifaranshao。8.cuihuaji：zaihuaxuebianhualinenggaibianqitawuzhidehuaxuefanyingsulv,erbenshendezhilianghehuaxuexingzhizaihuaxuebianhuaqianhoudumeiyoubianhuadewuzhi(yibianerbubian)9.zhiliangshouhengdinglv：canjiahuaxuefanyingdegewuzhidezhiliangzonghe，dengyufanyinghoushengchengwuzhidezhiliangzonghe。(fanyingdeqianhou，yuanzideshumu、zhonglei、zhiliangdububian;yuansudezhongleiyebubian)10.rongye：yizhonghuojizhongwuzhifensandaolingyizhongwuzhili，xingchengjunyide、wendingdehunhewurongyedezucheng：rongjiherongzhi。(rongzhikeyishiguti、yetihuoqiti;gu、qirongyuyetishi，gu、qishirongzhi，yetishirongji;liangzhongyetihuxiangrongjieshi，liangduodeyizhongshirongji，liangshaodeshirongzhi;dangrongyezhongyoushuicunzaishi，bulunshuideliangyouduoshao，womenxiguanshangdubashuidangchengrongji，qitaweirongzhi。)11.gutirongjiedu：zaiyidingwenduxia，mougutaiwuzhizai100kerongjilidadaobaohezhuangtaishisuorongjiedezhiliang，jiujiaozuozhezhongwuzhizaizhezhongrongjiliderongjiedu12.suan：dianlishishengchengdeyangliziquanbudushiqinglizidehuahewuru：HCl==H+ + Cl-HNO3==H+ + NO3-H2SO4==2H+ + SO42-jian：dianlishishengchengdeyinliziquanbudushiqingyanggenlizidehuahewuru：KOH==K+ + OH-NaOH==Na+ + OH-Ba(OH)2==Ba2+ + 2OH-yan：dianlishishengchengjinshulizi(zuogenlizi)hesuangenlizidehuahewuru：KNO3==K+ + NO3-Na2SO4==2Na+ + SO42-BaCl2==Ba2+ + 2Cl-13.suanxingyanghuawu(buyidingshuyufeijinshuyanghuawuruqiyanghuaermeng)：fannenggenjianqifanying，shengchengyanheshuideyanghuawu。jianxingyanghuawu(shuyujinshuyanghuawu)：fannenggensuanqifanying，shengchengyanheshuideyanghuawu。14.jiejingshuihewu：hanyoujiejingshuidewuzhiru：Na2CO3·10H2O、CuSO4·5H2O FeSO4·7H2O27.chaojie：mouwuzhinengxishoukongqilideshuifenerbianchaodexianxiang。fenghua：jiejingshuihewuzaichangwenxiafangzaiganzaodekongqili，nengzhujianshiqujiejingshuierchengweifenmodexianxiang。15.ranshao：keranwugenyangqifashengdeyizhongfaguangfaredejuliedeyanghuafanying。ranshaodetiaojian：①keranwu;②yangqi(huokongqi);③keranwudewenduyaodadaozhuohuodian。er、jibenzhishi、lilun1.kongqidechengfendanqizhan78%, yangqizhan21%, xiyouqitizhan0.94%, eryanghuatanzhan0.03%,qitaqitiyuzazhizhan0.03% 。2.zhuyaodekongqiwuranwuNO2 、CO、SO2、.H2S、NOdengwuzhi 。3.qitachangjianqitidehuaxueshiNH3(anqi)、CO(yiyanghuatan)、CO2(eryanghuatan)、CH4(jiawan)、 SO2(eryanghualiu)、SO3(sanyanghualiu)、NO(yiyanghuadan)、 NO2(eryanghuadan)、H2S(liuhuaqing)、HCl(lvhuaqing)。4.changjiandesuangenhuoliziSO42-(liusuangen)、NO3-(xiaosuangen)、CO32-(tansuangen)、ClO3-(lvsuangen)、 MnO4-(gaomengsuangen)、MnO42-(mengsuangen)、PO43-(linsuangen)、Cl-(lvlizi)、 HCO3-(tansuanqinggen)、HSO4-(liusuanqinggen)、HPO42-(linsuanyiqinggen)、 H2PO4-(linsuanerqinggen)、OH-(qingyanggen)、HS-(liuqinggen)、S2-(liulizi)、 NH4+(zuogenhuozuolizi)、K+(jializi)、Ca2+(gailizi)、Na+(nalizi)、 Mg2+(meilizi)、Al3+(lvlizi)、Zn2+(xinlizi)、Fe2+(yatielizi)、 Fe3+(tielizi)、Cu2+(tonglizi)、Ag+(yinlizi)、Ba2+(beilizi)geyuansuhuoyuanzituandehuahejiayushangmianlizidedianheshuxiangduiying：yijiajianaqingheyin，erjiagaimeibeihexin;yiertonggongersantie，sanjialvlaisijiagui。(yang-2，lvhuawuzhongdelvwei -1，fu-1，zuowei-1)(danzhizhong，yuansudehuahejiawei0 ;zaihuahewuli，geyuansudehuahejiadedaishuhewei0)5.huaxueshihehuahejia(1)huaxueshideyiyi①hongguanyiyia.biaoshiyizhongwuzhi;b.biaoshigaiwuzhideyuansuzucheng;②weiguanyiyia.biaoshigaiwuzhideyigefenzi;b.biaoshigaiwuzhidefenzigoucheng;③liangdeyiyia.biaoshiwuzhideyigefenzizhonggeyuanzigeshubi;b.biaoshizuchengwuzhidegeyuansuzhiliangbi。(2)danzhihuaxueshideduxie①zhijieyongyuansufuhaobiaoshide：a.jinshudanzhi。ru：jiaK tongCu yinAg deng;b.gutaifeijinshu。ru：tanC liuS linP dengc.xiyouqiti。ru：hai(qi)He nai(qi)Ne zuo(qi)Ardeng②duoyuanzigouchengfenzidedanzhi：qifenziyoujigetongzhongyuanzigouchengdejiuzaiyuansufuhaoyouxiajiaoxieji。ru：meigeyangqifenzishiyou2geyangyuanzigoucheng，zeyangqidehuaxueshiweiO2shuangyuanzifenzidanzhihuaxueshi：O2(yangqi)、N2(danqi) 、H2(qingqi) F2(fuqi)、Cl2(lvqi)、Br2(yetaizuo)duoyuanzifenzidanzhihuaxueshi：chouyangO3deng(3)huahewuhuaxueshideduxie：xiandudehouxie，houxiedexiandu①liangzhongyuansuzuchengdehuahewu：ducheng“mouhuamou”，ru：MgO(yanghuamei)、NaCl(lvhuana)②suangenyujinshuyuansuzuchengdehuahewu：ducheng“mousuanmou”，ru：KMnO4(gaomengsuanjia)、K2MnO4(mengsuanjia) MgSO4(liusuanmei)、CaCO3(tansuangai)(4)genjuhuaxueshipanduanyuansuhuahejia，genjuyuansuhuahejiaxiechuhuahewudehuaxueshi：①panduanyuansuhuahejiadeyijushi：huahewuzhongzhengfuhuahejiadaishuheweiling。②genjuyuansuhuahejiaxiehuaxueshidebuzhou：a.anyuansuhuahejiazhengzuofuyouxiechuyuansufuhaobingbiaochuhuahejia;b.kanyuansuhuahejiashifouyouyueshu，bingyuechengzuijianbi;c.jiaochaduidiaobayiyuechengzuijianbidehuahejiaxiezaiyuansufuhaodeyouxiajiao。6.hewaidianzipaibu：1-20haoyuansu(yaojizhuyuansudemingchengjiyuanzijiegoushiyitu)paibuguilv①meicengzuiduopai2n2gedianzi(nbiaoshicengshu)②zuiwaicengdianzishubuchaoguo8ge(zuiwaicengweidiyicengbuchaoguo2ge)③xianpaimanneicengzaipaiwaicengzhu：yuansudehuaxuexingzhiqujueyuzuiwaicengdianzishujinshuyuansu yuanzidezuiwaicengdianzishu< 4，yishidianzi，huaxuexingzhihuopo。feijinshuyuansu yuanzidezuiwaicengdianzishu≥ 4，yidedianzi，huaxuexingzhihuopo。xiyouqitiyuansu yuanzidezuiwaicengyou8gedianzi(Heyou2ge)，jiegouwending，xingzhiwending。7.shuxiehuaxuefangchengshideyuanze①yikeguanshishiweiyiju; ②zunxunzhiliangshouhengdinglvshuxiehuaxuefangchengshidebuzhou：“xie”、“pei”、“zhu”“deng”。8.suanjiandudebiaoshifangfa——pHshuoming：(1)pH=7，rongyechengzhongxing;pH <7，rongyechengsuanxing;pH >7，rongyechengjianxing。(2)pHyuejiejin0，suanxingyueqiang;pHyuejiejin14，jianxingyueqiang;pHyuejiejin7，rongyedesuan、jianxingjiuyueruo，yuejiejinzhongxing。9.jinshuhuodongxingshunxubiao：(jia、gai、na、mei、lv、xin、tie、xi、qian、qing、tong、gong、yin、bo、jin)shuoming：(1)yuezuojinshuhuodongxingjiuyueqiang，zuobiandejinshukeyicongyoubianjinshudeyanrongyezhongzhihuanchugaijinshuchulai;(2)paizaiqingzuobiandejinshu，keyicongsuanzhongzhihuanchuqingqi;paizaiqingyoubiandezebuneng。san、wuzhisumingjiqiduiyingdehuaxueshihehuaxueming⑴jingangshi、shimo：C⑵shuiyin、gong：Hg(3)shengshihui、yanghuagai：CaO(4)ganbing(gutieryanghuatan)：CO2(5)yansuan、qinglvsuan：HCl(6)yaliusuan：H2SO3(7)qingliusuan：H2S(8)shushihui、xiaoshihui：Ca(OH)2(9)kexingna、huojian、shaojian：NaOH(10)chunjian：Na2CO3 tansuannajingti、chunjianjingti：Na2CO3·10H2O(11)tansuanqingna、suanshitansuanna：NaHCO3 (yejiaoxiaosuda)(12)danfan、lanfan、liusuantongjingti：CuSO4·5H2O(13)tonglv、kongqueshi：Cu2(OH)2CO3(fenjieshengchengsanzhongyanghuawudewuzhi)(14)jiachun：CH3OH youdu、shiming、siwang(15)jiujing、yichun：C2H5OH(16)cusuan、yisuan(16.6℃bingcusuan)CH3COOH(CH3COO- cusuangenlizi) juyousuandetongxing(17)anqi：NH3 (jianxingqiti)(18)anshui、yishuihean：NH3·H2O(weichangjiandejian，juyoujiandetongxing，shiyizhongbuhanjinshulizidejian)(19)yaxiaosuanna：NaNO2 (gongyeyongyan、youdu)si、changjianwuzhideyansedezhuangtai1.baiseguti：MgO、P2O5、CaO、 NaOH、Ca(OH)2、KClO3、KCl、Na2CO3、NaCl、wushuiCuSO4;tie、meidengdaduoshujinshukuaizhuanggutiweiyinbaise(gongweiyinbaiseyetai)2.heiseguti：shimo、tanfen、tiefen、CuO、MnO2、Fe3O4 ; KMnO4weiziheise 。3.hongseguti：Cu、Fe2O3 (hongzongse)、HgO、honglin ▲liu：danhuangse ▲ Cu2(OH)2CO3weilvselanfan(youjiaodanfan)：lanse NO2 ：hongzongseqiti4.rongyedeyanse：fanhanCu2+derongyechenglanse;fanhanFe2+derongyechengqianlvse;fanhanFe3+derongyechengzonghuangse，qiyurongyeyibanweiwuse。(gaomengsuanjiarongyeweizihongse)5.chendian(jiburongyushuideyanhejian)：①yan：baise↓：CaCO3、BaCO3(rongyusuan) AgCl、BaSO4(burongyuxiHNO3) deng②jian：lanse↓：Cu(OH)2 honghese↓：Fe(OH)3 baise↓：Mg(OH)2。6.(1)juyoucijixingqitideqiti：NH3、SO2、HCl(jieweiwuse)(2)wusewuweideqiti：O2、H2、N2、CO2、CH4、CO(judu)▲zhuyi：juyoucijixingqiweideyeti：yansuan、xiaosuan、cusuan。jiujingweiyouteshuqitideyeti。7.youdude，qiti：CO yeti：CH3OH;guti：NaNO2 、CuSO4(kezuoshajunji ,yushushihuihunhepeichengtianlansedezhanchouzhuangwuzhi——boerduoye)wu、wuzhide`rongjiexing1.yanderongjiexinghanyoujia、na、xiaosuangen、zuogendewuzhidurongyushui;hanCldehuahewuzhiyouAgClburongyushui，qitadurongyushui;hanSO42- dehuahewuzhiyouBaSO4 burongyushui，qitadurongyushui。hanCO32- dewuzhizhiyouK2CO3、Na2CO3、(NH4)2CO3rongyushui，qitaduburongyushui2.jianderongjiexingrongyushuidejianyou：qingyanghuabei、qingyanghuajia、qingyanghuagai、qingyanghuanaheanshui，qitajianburongyushui。nanrongxingjianzhongFe(OH)3shihonghesechendian，Cu(OH)2shilansechendian，qitananrongxingjianweibaise。(baokuoFe(OH)2)zhuyi：chendianwuzhongAgClheBaSO4 burongyuxixiaosuan，qitachendianwunengrongyusuan。ru：Mg(OH)2 CaCO3 BaCO3 Ag2CO3 deng3.dabufensuanjisuanxingyanghuawunengrongyushui，(suanxingyanghuawu+shui→suan)dabufenjianxingyanghuawuburongyushui，nengrongdeyou：yanghuabei、yanghuajia、yanghuagai、yanghuana(jianxingyanghuawu+shui→jian)liu、huaxuezhizui1.dikezhonghanliangzuiduodejinshuyuansushilv。2.dikezhonghanliangzuiduodefeijinshuyuansushiyang。3.kongqizhonghanliangzuiduodewuzhishidanqi4.tianrancunzaizuiyingdewuzhishijingangshi。5.zuijiandandeyoujiwushijiawan。6.jinshuhuodongshunxubiaozhonghuodongxingzuiqiangdejinshushijia。7.xiangduifenzizhiliangzuixiaodeyanghuawushishui。 zuijiandandeyoujihuahewuCH48.xiangtongtiaojianxiamiduzuixiaodeqitishiqingqi。9.daodianxingzuiqiangdejinshushiyin。10.xiangduiyuanzizhiliangzuixiaodeyuanzishiqing。11.rongdianzuixiaodejinshushigong。12.rentizhonghanliangzuiduodeyuansushiyang。13.zuchenghuahewuzhongleizuiduodeyuansushitan。14.richangshenghuozhongyingyongzuiguangfandejinshushitie。15.zuizaoliyongtianranqideshizhongguo。16zhongguozuidameitanjidizai：shanxisheng。17zuizaoyunyongshifaliantongdeshizhongguo(xihanfaxian[liuan《huainanwanbishu》“zengqingdetiezehuaweitong” ]、songchaoyingyong)。18zuizaofaxiandianzideshiyingguodetangmusheng。19zuizaodechukongqishiyouN2heO2zuchengdeshifaguodelawaxi。qi、jietijiqiaoheshuoming(yi) tuiduantijietijiqiaokanqiyanse，guanqizhuangtai，chaqibianhua，chudaiyanzhi，yanerdezhi。1. changjianwuzhideyanse：duoshuqitiweiwuse，duoshugutihuahewuweibaise，duoshurongyeweiwuse。2. yixieteshuwuzhideyanse： jiansi3. changjianyixiebianhuadepanduan：① baisechendianqieburongyuxixiaosuanhuosuandewuzhiyou：BaSO4、AgCl(jiuzheliangzhongwuzhi)② lansechendian：Cu(OH)2、CuCO3③ honghesechendian：Fe(OH)3Fe(OH)2weibaisexuzhuangchendian，danzaikongqizhonghenkuaibianchenghuilvsechendian，zaibianchengFe(OH)3honghesechendian;④chendiannengrongyusuanbingqieyouqiti(CO2)fangchude：burongdetansuanyan;⑤chendiannengrongyusuandanmeiqitifangchude：burongdejian。4. suanheduiyingdesuanxingyanghuawudelianxi：① suanxingyanghuawuhesuandukegenjianfanyingshengchengyanheshui：CO2 + 2NaOH == Na2CO3 + H2O(H2CO3 + 2NaOH == Na2CO3 + 2H2O)SO2 + 2KOH == K2SO3 + H2OH2SO3 + 2KOH == K2SO3 + 2H2OSO3 + 2NaOH == Na2SO4 + H2OH2SO4 + 2NaOH == Na2SO4 + 2H2O② suanxingyanghuawugenshuifanyingshengchengduiyingdesuan：(geyuansudehuahejiabubian)CO2 + H2O == H2CO3 SO2 + H2O == H2SO3SO3 + H2O == H2SO4 N2O5 + H2O == 2HNO3(shuomingzhexiesuanxingyanghuawuqitidunengshishirunpHshizhibianhongse)5. jianheduiyingdejianxingyanghuawudelianxi：① jianxingyanghuawuhejiandukegensuanfanyingshengchengyanheshui：CuO + 2HCl == CuCl2 + H2OCu(OH)2 + 2HCl == CuCl2 + 2H2OCaO + 2HCl == CaCl2 + H2OCa(OH)2 + 2HCl == CaCl2 + 2H2O②jianxingyanghuawugenshuifanyingshengchengduiyingdejian：(shengchengdejianyidingshikerongyushui，fouzebunengfashengcifanying)K2O + H2O == 2KOH Na2O +H2O == 2NaOHBaO + H2O == Ba(OH)2 CaO + H2O == Ca(OH)2③burongxingjianjiarehuifenjiechuduiyingdeyanghuawuheshui：Mg(OH)2 == MgO + H2O Cu(OH)2 == CuO + H2O2Fe(OH)3 == Fe2O3 + 3H2O 2Al(OH)3 == Al2O3 + 3H2O(er) jieshiyantikanqingtimuyaoqiushishime，yaozuodeshishime，zheyangzuodemudeshishime。1.shiyanyongdaodeqitiyaoqiushibijiaochunjing，chuquchangjianzazhijutifangfa：① chushuizhengqikeyong：nongliusuan、CaCl2guti、jianshihui、wushuiCuSO4(bingqiekeyijianyanzazhizhongyouwushuizhengqi，youzeyanseyoubaise→lanse)、shengshihuideng;② chuCO2keyong：chengqingshihuishui(kejianyanchuzazhizhongyouwuCO2)、NaOHrongye、KOHrongye、jianshihuideng;③ chuHClqitikeyong：AgNO3rongye(kejianyanchuzazhizhongyouwuHCl)、shihuishui、NaOHrongye、KOHrongye;chuqitizazhideyuanze：yongmouwuzhixishouzazhihuogenzazhifanying，danbunengxishouhuogenyouxiaochengfenfanying，huozheshengchengxindezazhi。2.shiyanzhuyidedifang：①fangbaozha：dianrankeranxingqiti(ruH2、CO、CH4)huoyongCO、H2huanyuanCuO、Fe2O3zhiqian，yaojianyanqitichundu。②fangbaofei：xishinongliusuanshi，jiangnongliusuandaorushuizhong，bunengbashuidaorunongliusuanzhong。③fangzhongdu：jinxingyouguanyouduqiti(ru：CO、SO2、NO2)dexingzhishiyanshi，zaitongfengchuzhongjinxing;bingyaozhuyiweiqidechuli：COdianranshaodiao; SO2、NO2yongjianyexishou。④fangdaoxi：jiarefazhiqubingyongpaishuifashoujiqiti，yaozhuyixidengshunxu。3.changjianyiwaishigudechuli：①suanliudaozhuoshang，yongNaHCO3chongxi;jianliudaozhuoshang，yongxicusuanchongxi。② zhandaopifuhuoyiwushang：Ⅰ.suanxianyongshuichongxi，zaiyong3~5% NaHCO3chongxi;Ⅱ.jianyongshuichongxi，zaitushangpengsuan;Ⅲ.nongliusuanyingxianyongmobubaqu，zaizuodiⅠbu。4.shiyanshizhiqusandaqitizhongchangjiandeyaochudezazhi：(1)zhiO2yaochudezazhi：shuizhengqi(H2O)(2)yongyansuanhexinlizhiH2yaochudezazhi：shuizhengqi(H2O)、lvhuaqingqiti(HCl，yansuansuanwu)(yongxiliusuanmeicizazhi)(3)zhiCO2yaochudezazhi：shuizhengqi(H2O)、lvhuaqingqiti(HCl)chushuizhengqideshiji：nongliusuan、CaCl2guti、jianshihui(zhuyaochengfenshiNaOHheCaO)、shengshihui、wushuiCuSO4(bingqiekeyijianyanzazhizhongyouwushuizhengqi，youzeyanseyoubaise→lanse)deng;chuHClqitideshiji：AgNO3rongye(bingkejianyanchuzazhizhongyouwuHCl)、chengqingshihuishui、NaOHrongye(huoguti)、KOHrongye(huoguti);[shengshihui、jianshihuiyekeyigenHClqitifanying]5.changyongshiyanfangfalaiyanzhenghunheqitilihanyoumouzhongqiti(1)youCOdeyanzhengfangfa：(xianyanzhenghunheqitizhongshifouyouCO2，youzexianchudiao)jianghunheqititongruzhuoredeCuO，zaijiangjingguozhuoredeCuOdehunheqititongruchengqingshihuishui。xianxiang：heiseCuObianchenghongse，qiechengqingshihuishuiyaobianhunzhuo。(2)youH2deyanzhengfangfa：(xianyanzhenghunheqitizhongshifouyoushuifen，youzexianchudiao)jianghunheqititongruzhuoredeCuO，zaijiangjingguozhuoredeCuOdehunheqititongrushengyouwushuiCuSO4zhong。xianxiang：heiseCuObianchenghongse，qiewushuiCuSO4bianlanse。(3)youCO2deyanzhengfangfa：jianghunheqititongruchengqingshihuishui。xianxiang：chengqingshihuishuibianhunzhuo。6.shejishiyan(1)shishejiyigeshiyanzhengminglazhuzhonghanyoutanqingliangzhongyuansu。shiyanbuzhou-shiyanxianxiang-jielun①jianglazhudianran，zaihuoyanshangfangzhaoyigeganzaojiejingdeshaobei，shaobeineibiyouxiaoshuizhushengcheng，zhengminglazhuyouqingyuansu。②zailazhuhuoyanshangfangzhaoyigezhanyouchengqingshihuishuideshaobei，chengqingshihuishuibianhunzhuo，zhengminglazhuyoutanyuansu。(2)shishejiyigeshiyanlaizhengmingCO2juyoubuzhichiranshaohemidubikongqidadexingzhi。shiyanbuzhou-shiyanxianxiang-jielun-tubaliangzhilazhufangdaojuyoujietidejiashang，bacijiafangzaishaobeili，dianranlazhu，zaiyanshaobeibiqingdaoCO2 jietixiacengdelazhuxianmie，shangcengdehoumie。 zhengmingCO2juyoubuzhichiranshaohemidubikongqidadexingzhi。7.jieti：jisuantideleixingyoua.youguanzhiliangfenshu(yuansuherongzhi)dejisuanb.genjuhuaxuefangchengshijinxingjisuanc.youahebliangzhongleixinghunhezaiyiqijisuan(1)rongyezhongrongzhizhiliangfenshudejisuanrongzhizhiliangfenshu =rongzhidezhiliang/rongyedezhiliang × 100%(2)huahewu(chunjingwu)zhongmouyuansuzhiliangfenshudejisuanmouyuansuzhiliangfenshu=mouyuansudeyuanzizhilianghe/huahewudezhiliang × 100%(3)hunhewuzhongmouhuahewudezhiliangfenshujisuanhuahewudezhiliangfenshu= mouhuahewudezhiliang/hunhewudezhiliang× 100%(4)hunhewuzhongmouyuansuzhiliangfenshudejisuanmouyuansuzhiliangfenshu=mouyuansudezhilianghe/hunhewudezhiliang × 100%huo：mouyuansuzhiliangfenshu= huahewudezhiliangfenshu × gaiyuansuzaihuahewuzhongdezhiliangfenshu(5)jietijiqiaoa.shenti：kanqingtimudeyaoqiu，yizhishime，qiushime，youhuaxuefangchengshidexianxiechuhuaxuefangchengshi。zhaochujiecitideyouguangongshi。b.genjuhuaxuefangchengshijisuandejietibuzhou：①sheweizhiliang②shuxiechuzhengquedehuaxuefangchengshi③xiechuyouguanwuzhidexiangduifenzizhiliang、yizhiliang、weizhiliang④liechubilishi，qiujie⑤da。ba、chuzhonghuaxuezhongde“san”1.gouchengwuzhidesanzhongweilishifenzi、yuanzi、lizi。2.huanyuanyanghuatongchangyongdesanzhonghuanyuanjiqingqi、yiyanghuatan、tan。3.qingqizuoweiranliaoyousandayoudian：ziyuanfengfu、farelianggao、ranshaohoudechanwushishuibuwuranhuanjing。4.gouchengyuanziyibanyousanzhongweili：zhizi、zhongzi、dianzi。5.heisejinshuzhiyousanzhong：tie、meng、ge。6.gouchengwuzhideyuansukefenweisanleiji(1)jinshuyuansu、(2)feijinshuyuansu、(3)xiyouqitiyuansu。7.tiedeyanghuawuyousanzhong，qihuaxueshiwei(1)FeO、(2)Fe2O3、(3) Fe3O4。8.rongyedetezhengyousange(1)junyixing;(2)wendingxing;(3)hunhewu。9.huaxuefangchengshiyousangeyiyi：(1)biaoshishimewuzhicanjiafanying，jieguoshengchengshimewuzhi;(2)biaoshifanyingwu、shengchengwugewuzhijiandefenzihuoyuanzideweilishubi;(3)biaoshigefanyingwu、shengchengwuzhijiandezhiliangbi。huaxuefangchengshiyoulianggeyuanze：yikeguanshishiweiyiju;zunxunzhiliangshouhengdinglv。10.shengtieyibanfenweisanzhong：baikoutie、huikoutie、qiumozhutie。11.tansugangkefenweisanzhong：gaotangang、zhongtangang、ditangang。12.changyongyuliantiedetiekuangshiyousanzhong：(1)chitiekuang(zhuyaochengfenweiFe2O3);(2)citiekuang(Fe3O4);(3)lingtiekuang(FeCO3)。13.liangangdezhuyaoshebeiyousanzhong：zhuanlu、dianlu、pinglu。14.changyuwenduyouguandesangefanyingtiaojianshidianran、jiare、gaowen。15.baoherongyebianbubaoherongyeyouliangzhongfangfa：(1)shengwen、(2)jiarongji;bubaoherongyebianbaoherongyeyousanzhongfangfa：jiangwen、jiarongzhi、hengwenzhengfarongji。 (zhuyi：rongjiedusuiwenduerbianxiaodewuzhiru：qingyanghuagairongyeyoubaoherongyebianbubaoherongye：jiangwen、jiarongji;bubaoherongyebianbaoherongyeyousanzhongfangfa：shengwen、jiarongzhi、hengwenzhengfarongji)。16.shoujiqitiyibanyousanzhongfangfa：paishuifa、xiangshangpaikongfa、xiangxiapaikongfa。17.shuiwurandesangezhuyaoyuanyin：(1)gongyeshengchanzhongdefeizha、feiqi、feishui;(2)shenghuowushuiderenyipaifang;(3)nongyeshengchanzhongshiyongdenongyao、huafeisuiyushuiliuruhezhong。18.yingjizhudesanzhongheiseyanghuawushi：yanghuatong、eryanghuameng、siyanghuasantie。19.qingqihetandanzhiyousangexiangsidehuaxuexingzhi：changwenxiadewendingxing、keranxing、huanyuanxing。20.jiaocaizhongchuxiandesancidanlanse：(1)yetaiyangqishidanlanse;(2)liuzaikongqizhongranshaoyouweiruodedanlansehuoyan;(3)qingqizaikongqizhongranshaoyoudanlansehuoyan。21.yutongyuansuyouguandesanzhonglanse：(1)liusuantongjingti;(2)qingyanghuatongchendian;(3)liusuantongrongye。22.guolvcaozuozhongyou“sankao”：(1)loudouxiaduanjinkaoshaobeineibi;(2)bolibangdemoduanqingkaozailvzhisancengchu;(3)shengdaiguolvyedeshaobeibianyuanjinkaozaibolipengyinliu。23.sandaqitiwuranwu：SO2、CO、NO224.jiujingdengdehuoyanfenweisanbufen：waiyan、neiyan、yanxin，qizhongwaiyanwenduzuigao。25.quyongyaopinyou“sanbu”yuanze：(1)buyongshoujiechuyaopin;(2)bubabizicoudaorongqikouwenqitideqiwei;(3)buchangyaopindeweidao。26.gudaisandahuaxuegongyi：zaozhi、zhihuoyao、shaociqi27.keyizhijiejiaredesanzhongyiqi：shiguan、zuozuo、zhengfamin(lingwaihuanyouranshaochi)29.zhiliangshouhengjieshideyuanzisanbubian：zhongleibugaibian、shumubuzengjian、zhiliangbubianhua30.yukongqihunhedianrankenengbaozhadesanzhongqiti：H2、CO、CH4 (shijiweirenhekeranxingqitihefenchen)。31.nongliusuansantexing：xishui、tuoshui、qiangyanghua32.shiyongjiujingdengdesanjinzhi：duiran、wangrandengzhongjiajiujing、zuichuimie33.rongyepeizhidesanbuzhou：jisuan、chengliang(liangqu)、rongjie34.shengwuxibaozhonghanliangzuiduodeqiansanzhongyuansu：O、C、H35.yuanzizhongdesandengshi：hedianheshu=zhizishu=hewaidianzishu=yuanzixushu36.gouchengwuzhidesanzhonglizi：fenzi、yuanzi、lizi37.gongyesanfei：feishui、feizha、feiqi38.shuiwurandesangezhuyaoyuanyin：(1)gongyeshengchanzhongdefeizha、feiqi、feishui;(2)shenghuowushuiderenyipaifang;(3)nongyeshengchanzhongshiyongdenongyao、huafeisuiyushuiliuruhezhong。39.tongchangshiyongdemiehuoqiyousanzhong：paomomiehuoqi;ganfenmiehuoqi;yetaieryanghuatanmiehuoqi。40.gutiwuzhiderongjiedusuiwendubianhuadeqingkuangkefenweisanlei：(1)dabufengutiwuzhirongjiedusuiwendudeshenggaoerzengda;(2)shaoshuwuzhirongjiedushouwendudeyingxianghenxiao;(3)jishaoshuwuzhirongjiedusuiwendudeshenggaoerjianxiao。41.CO2keyimiehuodeyuanyinyousange：bunengranshao、bunengzhichiranshao、midubikongqida。jiu、huaxuezhongde“yiding”yu“buyiding”1.huaxuebianhuazhongyidingyouwulibianhua，wulibianhuazhongbuyidingyouhuaxuebianhua。2.jinshuchangwenxiabuyidingdushiguti(ruHgshiyetaide)，feijinshubuyidingdushiqitihuoguti(ruBr2shiyetaide)zhuyi：jinshu、feijinshushizhidanzhi，bunengyuwuzhizuchengyuansuhunxiao3.yuanzituanyidingshidaidianhedelizi，danyuanzituanbuyidingshisuangen(ruNH4+、OH-);suangenyebuyidingshiyuanzituan(ruCl-jiaoqinglvsuangen)4.huanmanyanghuabuyidinghuiyinqiziran。ranshaoyidingshihuaxuebianhua。baozhabuyidingshihuaxuebianhua。(lirugaoyaguobaozhashiwulibianhua。)5.yuanzihezhongbuyidingduhuiyouzhongzi(ruHyuanzijiuwuzhongzi)。6.yuanzibuyidingbifenzixiao(bunengshuo“fenzida，yuanzixiao”)fenziheyuanzidegenbenqubieshi：zaihuaxuefanyingzhongfenzikefenyuanzibukefen。7.tongzhongyuansuzuchengdewuzhibuyidingshidanzhi，yekenengshijizhongdanzhidehunhewu。8.zuiwaicengdianzishuwei8delizibuyidingshixiyouqitiyuansudeyuanzi，yekenengshiyanglizihuoyinlizi。9.wendingjiegoudeyuanzizuiwaicengdianzishubuyidingshi8。(diyicengweizuiwaiceng2gedianzi)10.juyouxiangtonghedianheshudelizibuyidingshitongyizhongyuansu。(yinweilizibaokuoyuanzi、fenzi、lizi，eryuansububaokuoduoyuanzisuogouchengdefenzihuoyuanzituan)zhiyoujuyouxiangtonghedianheshudedanhelizi(yigeyuanziyigehe)yidingshuyutongzhongyuansu。11.rongyezhongbuyiding：(1)nongrongyebuyidingshibaoherongye;xirongyebuyidingshibubaoherongye。(duibutongrongzhieryan)(2)tongyizhongwuzhidebaoherongyebuyidingbibubaoherongyenong。(yinweiwendumeiqueding，rutongwenduzeyiding)(3)xichujingtihouderongyeyidingshimouwuzhidebaoherongye。baoherongyejiangwenhoubuyidingyoujingtixichu。(4)yidingwenduxia，renhewuzhiderongjiedushuzhiyidingdayuqibaoherongyederongzhizhiliangfenshushuzhi，jiSyidingdayuC。13.youdanzhihehuahewucanjiahuoshengchengdefanying，buyidingjiushizhihuanfanying。danyidingyouyuansuhuahejiadegaibian。14.fenjiefanyinghehuahefanyingzhongbuyidingyouyuansuhuahejiadegaibian;zhihuanfanyingzhongyidingyouyuansuhuahejiadegaibian;fufenjiefanyingzhongyidingmeiyouyuansuhuahejiadegaibian。(zhuyi：yanghuahuanyuanfanying，yidingyouyuansuhuahejiadebianhua)15.danzhiyidingbuhuifashengfenjiefanying。16.tongzhongyuansuzaitongyihuahewuzhongbuyidingxianshiyizhonghuahejia。ruNH4NO3 (qianmiandeNwei-3jia，houmiandeNwei+5jia)17.yandezuchengzhongbuyidingyoujinshuyuansu，ruNH4+shiyanglizi，juyoujinshulizidexingzhi，danbushijinshulizi。18.yanglizibuyidingshijinshulizi。ruH+、NH4+。19.zaihuahewu(yanghuawu、suan、jian、yan)dezuchengzhong，yidinghanyouyangyuansudeshiyanghuawuhejian;buyiding(keneng)hanyangyuansudeshisuanheyan;yidinghanyouqingyuansudeshisuanhejian;buyidinghanqingyuansudeshiyanheyanghuawu;yanhejianzuchengzhongbuyidinghanjinshuyuansu，(ruNH4NO3、NH3·H2O);suanzuchengkenenghanjinshuyuansu(ru：HMnO4 jiaogaomengsuan)，dansuoyouwuzhizuchengzhongduyidinghanfeijinshuyuansu。20.yanrongyebuyidingchengzhongxing。ruNa2CO3rongyexianjianxing。21.suanshiyanderongyebuyidingxiansuanxing(jipHbuyidingxiaoyu7)，ruNaHCO3rongyexianjianxing。danliusuanqingnarongyexiansuanxing(NaHSO4=Na++H+ +SO42-)，suoyinengdianlichuqinglizidewuzhibuyidingshisuan。22. suanrongyeyidingweisuanxingrongye，dansuanxingrongyebuyidingshisuanrongye，ru：H2SO4、NaHSO4rongyeduxiansuanxing，er NaHSO4shuyan。(suanrongyejiushisuandeshuirongye，suanxingrongyejiushizhihanH+derongye)23.jianrongyeyidingweijianxingrongye，danjianxingrongyebuyidingshijianrongye。ru：NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3rongyeduxianjianxing，erNa2CO3、NaHCO3weiyan。jianrongyejiushijiandeshuirongye，jianxingrongyejiushizhihanOH-derongye)24.jianxingyanghuawuyidingshijinshuyanghuawu，jinshuyanghuawubuyidingshijianxingyanghuawu。(ruMn2O7shijinshuyanghuawu，dantashisuanyanghuawu，qiduiyingdesuanshigaomengsuan，jiHMnO4);jizhu：jianxingyanghuawuzhongzhiK2O、Na2O、BaO、CaOnengrongyushuiyushuifanyingshengchengjian。25.suanxingyanghuawubuyidingshifeijinshuyanghuawu(ruMn2O7)，feijinshuyanghuawuyebuyidingshisuanxingyanghuawu(ruH2O、CO、NO)。★changjiandesuanxingyanghuawu：CO2、SO2、SO3、P2O5、SiO2 deng，suanxingyanghuawudaduoshunengrongyushuibingyushuifanyingshengchengduiyingdesuan，jizhueryanghuagui(SiO2)burongyushui 。26.shengchengyanheshuidefanyingbuyidingshizhonghefanying。27.suoyouhuaxuefanyingbingbuyidingdushujibenfanyingleixing，bushujibenfanyingdeyou：①COyujinshuyanghuawudefanying;②suanxingyanghuawuyujiandefanying;③youjiwuderanshao。28.fanshidanzhitiecanjiadezhihuanfanying(tieyusuan、yandefanying)，fanyinghoutieyidingxian+2jia(jishengchengyatieyan)。29.fanjinshuyusuanfashengdezhihuanfanying，fanyinghourongyedezhiliangyidingzengjia。fanjinshuyuyanrongyefanying，panduanfanyingqianhourongyedezhiliangbianhua，zhiyaokancanjiafanyingjinshudexiangduiyuanzizhiliangdaxiaoyushengchengdejinshudexiangduiyuanzizhiliangdedaxiao。“dahuanxiaozengzhong，xiaohuandajianzhong”30.fanshitongzhiliangtongjiataidejinshuyusuanfanying，xiangduiyuanzizhiliangyuedadechanshengqingqidezhiliangjiuyueshao。31.fanchangwenxianengyushuifanyingdejinshu(ruK、Ca、Na)，jiuyidingbunengyuyanrongyefashengzhihuanfanying;dantamenyusuanfanyingshizuiweijiliede。ruNajiarudaoCuSO4rongyezhong，fashengdefanyingshi：2Na+2H2O =2NaOH+H2 ↑;2NaOH+CuSO4 =Cu(OH)2 ↓+Na2SO4 。31.fanshipaikongqifa(wulunxiangshanghuanshixiangxia)，duyidingyaojiangdaoqiguanshendaojiqipingdibu。32.zhibeiqitidefashengzhuangzhi，zaizhuangyaopinqianyidingyaojianchaqimixing。dianranhuojiarekeranxingqitizhiqianyidingyaojianyanchundu.33.shuxiehuaxueshishi，zhengjiayuansubuyidingduxiezaizuobian。ruNH3 、CH434.5 gmouwuzhifangru95 gshuizhong，chongfenrongjiehou，suoderongyederongzhizhiliangfenshubuyidingdengyu5%。kenengdengyu5%，ruNaCl、KNO3 deng;yekenengdayu5%，ruK2O、Na2O、BaO、SO3 deng;yekenengxiaoyu5%，rujiejingshuihewuyijiCa(OH)2、CaO deng。shi、huaxueshiyanzongjiesanzhongqitideshiyanshizhifayijitamendequbie。qiti yangqi(O2) qingqi(H2) eryanghuatan(CO2)1.yaopin gaomengsuanjia(KMnO4)huoshuangyangshui(H2O2)heeryanghuameng(MnO2)[gu(+gu)]huo[gu+ye] xinli(Zn)heyansuan(HCl)huoxiliusuan(H2SO4)[gu+ye] shihuishi(dalishi)(CaCO3)hexiyansuan(HCl)[gu+ye]2.fanyingyuanli 2KMnO4 == K2MnO4+MnO2+O2↑huo2H2O2==== 2H2O+O2↑ Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2↑Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2↑ CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑3.jianyan yongdaihuoxingdemutiao,shenjinjiqiping,ruomutiaofuran,shiyangqi，fouzebushiyangqi;dianranmutiao，shenrupingnei，mutiaoshangdehuoyanximie，pingkouhuoyanchengdanlanse，zegaiqitishiqingqi;tongruchengqingdeshihuishui，kanshifoubianhunzhuo，ruohunzhuozeshiCO2。4.shoujifangfayangqi(O2)①paishuifa(buyirongyushui) ②pingkouxiangshangpaikongqifa(midubikongqida)qingqi(H2)①paishuifa(nanrongyushui) ②pingkouxiangxiapaikongqifa(midubikongqixiao)eryanghuatan(CO2)①pingkouxiangshangpaikongqifa (midubikongqida) (bunengyongpaishuifashouji)5.yanman(yanchun)yangqi(O2)yongdaihuoxingdemutiao,pingfangzaijiqipingkou,ruomutiaofuran,yangqiyiman,fouzemeiman。qingqi(H2) <1>yongmuzhiduzhujimanqingqideshiguankou;<2>kaojinhuoyan,yikaimuzhidianhuoruo“zuo”deyisheng，qingqiyichun;ruoyoujianruidebaomingsheng，zeqingqibuchun。eryanghuatan(CO2)yongranzhuodemutiao,pingfangzaijiqipingkou,ruohuoyanximie,zeyiman;fouzemeiman。6.fangzhi zhengfang daofang zhengfang7.zhuyishixiang(1)zhibeiyangqi(O2)①jianchazhuangzhideqimixing(dangyongdiyizhongyaopinzhiqushiyixiayaozhuyi)②shiguankouyaoluexiangxiaqingxie(fangzhiningjiezaishiguankoudexiaoshuizhudaoliurushiguandibushishiguanpolie)③jiareshiyingxianshishiguanjunyunshoure，zaijizhongzaiyaopinbuweijiare。④paishuifashoujiwanyangqihou,xianchedaoguanhouchejiujingdeng(fangzhishuicaozhongdeshuidaoliu,shishiguanpolie)(2)zhibeiqingqi(H2)①jianchazhuangzhideqimixing②changjingloudoudeguankouyaocharuyemianxia;③dianranqingqiqian，yidingyaojianyanqingqidechundu(kongqizhong，qingqidetijidadaozongtijide4%~74.2%dianranhuibaozha。)(3)zhibeieryanghuatan(CO2)①jianchazhuangzhideqimixing②changjingloudoudeguankouyaocharuyemianxia;③bunengyongpaishuifashouji8.changjianqitidexingzhi(1)yangqiO2 (tongchangzhuangkuangxia) huaxuexingzhijiyongtu(O2) wusewuweideqiti,buyirongyushui,midubikongqilueda①C + O2==CO2(fachubaiguang，fangchureliang)a. gonghuxi;b. liangang;c. qihan。(zhu：O2juyouzhuranxing，danbujuyoukeranxing，bunengranshao。)②S + O2 ==SO2 (kongqizhong—danlansehuoyan;yangqizhong—zilansehuoyan)③4P + 5O2 == 2P2O5 (chanshengbaiyan，shengchengbaisegutiP2O5)④3Fe + 2O2 == Fe3O4 (julieranshao，huoxingsishe，fangchudaliangdere，shengchengheiseguti)⑤lazhuzaiyangqizhongranshao，fachubaiguang，fangchureliang(2)qingqi(H2)wusewuweideqiti，nanrongyushui，midubikongqixiao，shizuiqingdeqiti。① keranxing：2H2 + O2 ==== 2H2OH2 + Cl2 ==== 2HCl② huanyuanxing：H2 + CuO === Cu + H2O3H2 + Fe2O3 == 2Fe + 3H2O(3)eryanghuatan(CO2)wusewuweideqiti，midudayukongqi，nengrongyushui，gutideCO2jiao“ganbing”。①CO2 + H2O ==H2CO3(suanxing)(H2CO3 === H2O + CO2↑)(buwending)a.yongyumiehuo(yingyongqibukeranshao，yebuzhichiranshaodexingzhi)b.zhiyinliao、huafeihechunjianCO2 + Ca(OH)2 ==CaCO3↓+H2O(jianbieCO2)CO2 +2NaOH==Na2CO3 + H2O②yanghuaxing：CO2 + C == 2COCaCO3 == CaO + CO2↑(gongyezhiCO2)(4)yiyanghuatan(CO)wusewuweiqiti，midubikongqiluexiao，nanrongyushui，youduqiti。①keranxing：2CO + O2 == 2CO2 (huoyanchenglanse，fangchudaliangdere，kezuoqitiranliao)②huanyuanxing：CO + CuO === Cu + CO23CO + Fe2O3 == 2Fe + 3CO2jiyucipanduan，yangzongbiaoshi，jinnianzhongqiuhuojiangyanxuduanwudeqinglengxingqing，qukucun、baozhangxianjinliushidangwuzhiji。

那(狈补)一(驰颈)段(顿耻补苍)时(厂丑颈)间(闯颈补苍)，我(奥辞)妈(惭补)在(窜补颈)工(骋辞苍驳)作(窜耻辞)上(厂丑补苍驳)很(贬别苍)不(叠耻)顺(厂丑耻苍)，下(齿颈补)班(叠补苍)路(尝耻)上(厂丑补苍驳)又(驰辞耻)不(叠耻)小(齿颈补辞)心(齿颈苍)摔(厂丑耻补颈)了(尝颈补辞)一(驰颈)跤(窜耻辞)，整(窜丑别苍驳)个(骋别)人(搁别苍)陷(齿颈补苍)入(搁耻)情(蚕颈苍驳)绪(齿耻)低(顿颈)谷(骋耻)。

两驱就够了，四驱没必要小时候给长辈跑腿去小卖铺买烟，是每一个小孩子的必经之路，那个时候的香烟没有现在的价格那么夸张，都是几分钱，几角钱的，偶尔还能再跑腿之后得到一些零钱，所以小孩一般也是很乐意跑腿的。口说无凭,我用5张照片告诉你为何黑人更容易在NBA成巨星

而今艺麓园成为了这片土地上的一颗璀璨明珠它仿照皇家园林而建占地面积约50亩建筑群落错落有致古色古香沿着中轴线前行游客们可以依次参观六艺堂、关圣帝庙等精致景点感受古风的韵味这里的建筑采用木质结构左右对称街道和房屋排版亦是如此展现出中式设计的独特魅力

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口说无凭,我用5张照片告诉你 为何黑人更容易在NBA成巨星

口说无凭,我用5张照片告诉你为何黑人更容易在NBA成巨星