订票高峰来临 12306售票系统如何保证安全稳定运行?记者探访→2023-10-02 13:44·光明网这个长假,很多人选择火车出行。短短一周内,铁路客运订票量接连创出历史新高。面对全国各地汹涌而来的海量订单,铁路售票系统如何保证安全运行、让乘客尽可能买到想要的车票?这两天,总台央视记者蹲点官方唯一火车票网络售票平台——铁路12306平台所在地,看看他们如何面对这次长假大考。不断提高系统响应速度位于北京海淀的这个神秘的大院里,就坐落着全球交易量最大的票务系统——铁路12306平台的大本营。一进入24小时监控中心,记者就看到,大厅一侧的墙上,三张巨幅表格非常醒目——国庆起售时间方案、互联网售票日历和假期值班表。但更让人紧张的,是在这些工程师们电脑上不断跳动的数字,眨眼之间就已卖出几千张车票。铁路12306科创中心副研究员王拓说,旅客在12306上点击一下“查询车票”,比如查询南京到上海,之间有三百多趟车,每趟车不同席别有不同余票数量,这一过程要求系统后台完成运算的时间,就在两三百毫秒之内。两三百毫秒是什么概念?也就是人眨一下眼睛,远不到1秒的时间。工程师告诉记者,用户在手机和网站页面上动动手指,相应指令瞬间传回到大本营,系统要毫秒级“接单”。比如,用户点一下“提交订单”,这个指令在后台走一遍流程,一般不超过500毫秒。完成支付、顺利出票,这些过程的系统运算,也都被压缩到500毫秒之内。监控大屏上的实时数据显示,平均购票耗时只有0.91秒。铁路12306科创中心副主任单杏花还给记者展示了一组数据,短短一周时间里,单日售票量连续两次突破历史峰值——第一次是在9月15日,售出2287.7万张;紧接着是在9月22日,售出2695.2万张,“这个量级都是日常的两倍多,比今年春运的量还大。换算一下,也就是每秒钟卖出1000多张车票,高峰时,每毫秒高达10多张车票,相应的,后台就要提供的是秒级、毫秒级的服务”。不断提升应对大考能力根据铁路方面的预计,这个长假运输周期里,整个铁路客运量将高达1.9亿人次,对铁路售票系统来说,同样是一个巨大的考验。今年国庆铁路出行高峰期间,12306的日均访问量达到500亿次量级,相当于平均每个中国人每天访问了35次。不少人会把这样的高流量和高强度,和“双11”网购放在一起对比。其实,这两者之间有着截然不同的区别。“同样都是卖东西,网购的话是卖一件少一件,库存一直是在减少。但是卖火车票就不是这样了,卖一件可能会再多出两件来,库存是一个动态变化的过程。比如中间这段车票卖掉了,那会多出来两段、首尾两段的两张车票。所以这就意味着,我们在毫秒之间就要做更多运算,不断地重新去做这个车所有停站的排列组合,这个量确实是非常大的。”铁路12306科创中心副研究员贾静解释。对电商来说,卖商品主要是数字加减;但就卖票而言,这当中不光有加减法,还涉及新的排列组合。和“双11”网购还有所不同的是,“双11”主要是用户自己下单。而在国庆购票高峰中,除了旅客自己用手机买票,还有人使用第三方软件来“抢票”。这种软件通过高频手段访问12306平台,给系统带来额外的运维压力。在蹲点期间,记者看到,电脑防御系统上风险拦截频频弹出新消息。铁路12306科创中心高级工程师张智说:“高频的风险请求对系统的危害是非常大的,对于这样一秒钟成百上千次的访问,如果我们不采取任何措施,可能12306网站就瘫痪了。所以我们就要采用限制访问、慢速队列等方式,对风险进行拦截,保障系统的安全稳定运行。”不断强化优质服务理念目前,我国铁路营业里程已超过15.5万公里,年度旅客发送量一度达到36.6亿人次。如何确保购票系统稳定运行、让乘客买到自己想要买的票,是铁路票务部门在每个假期都要面临的大考。如何场场大考、次次通过,并尽可能得到优异成绩?在12306蹲点的日子里,记者看到,哪怕是票务最高峰到来时,在这里监控中心值班的工程师也只需要十几个,这是因为经过多次技术优化升级后,票务系统运维工作目前基本上靠服务器和算法就可以自动完成。铁路12306科创中心高级工程师潘浪涛说,从硬件、软件上都下功夫,比如扩容资源系统、调整系统架构、优化算法模型等,为的是遇到国庆这样订票高峰的时候,哪怕是访问量激增,也能让用户在终端感受到比较流畅的订票体验。潘浪涛还告诉记者,为了应对今年长假的售票高峰,12306早早做了准备,扩充租用了更多服务器,并对“互联网+客票”系统持续进行优化升级,这些都可以称得上12306应对大考的“底子”。而记者在蹲点期间注意到,放在桌面上、存在电脑甚至工程师脑海中的这些随时灵活调整的处置方案,则是他们应考的另一项“法宝”。铁路12306科创中心助理研究员周姗琪说,在国庆期间,按照业务主管部门要求,我们主要监测余票数量、预售强度、候补量这三项指标,来实时掌握车票的缺口量情况,一旦发现缺口量比较大的区间,下一秒就会将数据实时推送给客运管理部门。今年中秋国庆期间,出行人数创历年长假新高,像是9月29日,全国铁路发送旅客2009.8万人次,这也是历史上首次突破2000万人次。针对一些用户反映的部分热门线路买票难,铁路各部门间的应急协同力量在第一时间就动了起来。“运输部门会根据既有运输能力和旅客需求,及时决策列车扩编,比如动车组重联、普速车加挂以及加开临时列车等,来扩大运能,这也是从根本上解决票源紧张的问题。”铁路12306科创中心助理研究员周姗琪说。此时此刻,尽管很多旅客已经买到票正在旅途中,但12306的工作仍在继续。铁路12306科创中心副主任单杏花说:“包括旅客刷证刷脸进站过程中这个毫秒级的快速验证,要和票务信息关联,还是我们在做维护、做保障。可以说,大考一场接着一场,但是我们有信心、有热情,提供更多的便利和服务,目的只有一个,用技术支撑站车现场,把旅客顺利迎上车、安全送出站。”(央视新闻客户端 总台央视记者 王琰 吴勇军 刘柏煊 王佳林 黄宝池)来源: 央视新闻客户端
2024年12月30日,车子拖回来之后,我们苦口婆心的劝说大哥,里面也检查一下吧,不然路上真的不好说。结果……拿掉正时皮带,打算换掉漏油的曲轴前油封的时候发现,里面的机油泵被干碎了……
嗯啊啊床戏片段
从草根一路走来凤凰传奇相互支持相互陪伴二人之前的友谊也一直长长久久
在加完油之后,也一定不要忘记要求加油站的工作人员给我们一张正规的发票,这样一来,无论在任何时候,我们都可以通过这张发票,对加油的情况进行查询和核实,保障自己的合法权益。1月7日,“紫辉创投郑刚深夜发文怒撕罗永浩”引起广泛关注,紫辉创投郑刚深夜发文,“ 罗永浩这个人:人设做好了,但是里面一套、外面一套没错,投资有风险,盈亏自负”,指出“罗永浩有三个方面不地道”。
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而(贰谤)且(蚕颈别)不(叠耻)知(窜丑颈)道(顿补辞)大(顿补)家(闯颈补)有(驰辞耻)没(惭别颈)有(驰辞耻)发(贵补)现(齿颈补苍)一(驰颈)个(骋别)问(奥别苍)题(罢颈)。
李文彦看见女儿拉着行李箱,有些奇怪地说:绫绫,你怎么这个时候回来了?你不是在省城实习吗?“未来,你想去做什么呀?”记者笑着问。嗯啊啊床戏片段
后来红姐还把我安排去上学了我和小姑都不知道红姐为什么另眼相待我们直到过年的时候红姐叫小姑带着我去家里吃饭
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