91ÊÓƵרÇø

shengwuhuaxuemingcijieshijijin2023-08-27 13:11¡¤daanziliaoshengwuhuaxuemingcijieshijijindiyizhang dan bai zhi1£®liangxinglizi£¨dipolarion£©2£®bixuanjisuan£¨essential amino acid£©3£®dengdiandian(isoelectric point,pI)4£®xiyouanjisuan(rare amino acid)5£®feidanbaizhianjisuan(nonprotein amino acid)6£®gouxing(configuration)7£®danbaizhideyijijiegou(protein primary structure)8£®gouxiang(conformation)9£®danbaizhideerjijiegou(protein secondary structure)10£®jiegouyu(domain)11£®danbaizhidesanjijiegou(protein tertiary structure)12£®qingjian(hydrogen bond)13£®danbaizhidesijijiegou(protein quaternary structure)14£®lizijian(ionic bond)15£®chaoerjijiegou(super-secondary structure)16£®shushuijian(hydrophobic bond)17£®fandehuali( van der Waals force)18£®yanxi(salting out)19£®yanrong(salting in)20£®danbaizhidebianxing(denaturation)21£®danbaizhidefuxing(renaturation)22£®danbaizhidechendianzuoyong(precipitation)23£®ningjiaodianyong£¨gel electrophoresis£©24£®cengxi£¨chromatography£©dierzhang he suan1£®danhezuosuan(mononucleotide)2£®linsuanerzuojian£¨phosphodiester bonds£©3£®buduichengbilv£¨dissymmetry ratio£©4£®jianjihubuguilv(complementary base pairing)5£®fanmimazi£¨anticodon£©6£®shunfanzi£¨cistron£©7£®hesuandebianxingyufuxing£¨denaturation¡¢renaturation£©8£®tuihuo£¨annealing£©9£®zengsexiaoying£¨hyper chromic effect£©10£®jiansexiaoying£¨hypo chromic effect£©11£®shijunti£¨phage£©12£®fajiajiegou£¨hairpin structure£©13£®DNA derongjiewendu£¨melting temperature Tm£©14£®fenzizajiao£¨molecular hybridization£©15£®huanhuahezuosuan(cyclic nucleotide)disanzhang meiyufumei1£®mishichangshu£¨Km zhi£©2£®diwuzhuanyixing£¨substrate specificity£©3£®fuji£¨prosthetic group£©4£®dantimei£¨monomeric enzyme£©5£®guajumei£¨oligomeric enzyme£©6£®duomeitixi£¨multienzyme system£©7£®jihuoji£¨activator£©8£®yizhiji£¨inhibitor inhibiton£©9£®biangoumei£¨allosteric enzyme£©10£®tonggongmei£¨isozyme£©11£®youdaomei£¨induced enzyme£©12£®meiyuan£¨zymogen£©13£®meidebihuoli£¨enzymatic compare energy£©14£®huoxingzhongxin£¨active center£©disizhang shengwuyanghuayuyanghualinsuanhua1£® shengwuyanghua£¨biological oxidation£©2£® huxilian£¨respiratory chain£©3£® yanghualinsuanhua£¨oxidative phosphorylation£©4£® linyangbiP/O£¨P/O£©5£® diwushuipinglinsuanhua£¨substrate level phosphorylation£©6£® nenghe£¨energy chargdiwuzhang tang dai xie1£®tangyisheng(glycogenolysis)2£®Q mei(Q-enzyme)3£®rusuanxunhuan(lactate cycle)4£®fajiao(fermentation)5£®biangoudiaojie(allosteric regulation)6£®tangjiaojietujing(glycolytic pathway)7£®tangdeyouyangyanghua(aerobic oxidation)8£®gantangyuanfenjie(glycogenolysis)9£®linsuanwutangtujing(pentose phosphate pathway)10£®D-mei£¨D-enzyme£©11£®tanghezuosuan£¨sugar-nucleotide£©diliuzhang zhileidaixie1£® bixuzhifangsuan£¨essential fatty acid£©2£® zhifangsuande¦Á-yanghua(¦Á- oxidation)3£® zhifangsuande¦Â-yanghua(¦Â- oxidation)4£® zhifangsuande¦Ø-yanghua(¦Ø- oxidation)5£® yiquansuanxunhuan£¨glyoxylate cycle£©6£® ningmengsuanchuansuo(citriate shuttle)7£® yizuoCoA zuohuameixi£¨acetyl-CoA carnoxylase£©8£® zhifangsuanhechengmeixitong£¨fatty acid synthase system£©dibazhang handanhuahewudaixie1£®danbaimei£¨Proteinase£©2£®zuomei£¨Peptidase£©3£®danpingheng£¨Nitrogen balance£©4£®shengwugudan£¨Biological nitrogen fixation£©5£®xiaosuanhuanyuanzuoyong£¨Nitrate reduction£©6£®andetonghua£¨Incorporation of ammonium ions into organic molecules£©7£®zhuananzuoyong£¨Transamination£©8£®niaosuxunhuan£¨Urea cycle£©9£®shengtanganjisuan£¨Glucogenic amino acid£©10£®shengtonganjisuan£¨Ketogenic amino acid£©11£®hesuanmei£¨Nuclease£©12£®xianzhixinghesuanneiqiemei£¨Restriction endonuclease£©13£®anjidiezuo£¨Aminopterin£©14£®yitandanwei£¨One carbon unit£©dijiuzhang hesuandeshengwuhecheng1£®banbaoliufuzhi£¨semiconservative replication£©2£®buduichengzhuanlu£¨asymmetric trancription£©3£®nizhuanlu£¨reverse transcription£©4£®gangqipianduan£¨Okazaki fragment£©5£®fuzhicha£¨replication fork£©6£®lingtoulian£¨leading strand£©7£®suihoulian£¨lagging strand£©8£®youyiyilian£¨sense strand£©9£®guangfuhuo£¨photoreactivation£©10£®zhongzuxiufu£¨recombination repair£©11£®neihanzi£¨intron£©12£®waixianzi£¨exon£©13£®jiyinzaiti£¨genonic vector£©14£®zhili£¨plasmid£©dishiyizhang daixiediaojie1£®youdaomei£¨Inducible enzyme£©2£®biaobingmei£¨Pacemaker enzyme£©3£®caozongzi£¨Operon£©4£®shuaijianzi£¨Attenuator£©5£®zuewu£¨Repressor£©6£®fuzuewu£¨Corepressor£©7£®jiangjiewujiyinhuohuadanbai£¨Catabolic gene activator protein£©8£®xianzuosuanhuanhuamei£¨Adenylate cyclase£©9£®gongjiaxiushi£¨Covalent modification£©10£®jilianxitong£¨Cascade system£©11£®fankuiyizhi£¨Feedback inhibition£©12£®jiaochadiaojie£¨Cross regulation£©13£®qiankuijihuo£¨Feedforward activation£©14£®gaidiaodanbai£¨Calmodulin£©dishierzhang danbaizhideshengwuhecheng1£®mimazi(codon)2£®fanyimimazi(synonymous codon)3£®fanmimazi(anticodon)4£®bianoujiashuo(wobble hypothesis)5£®yimatubian(frameshift mutant)6£®anjisuantonggongshouti(isoacceptor)7£®fanyiRNA(antisense RNA)8£®xinhaozuo(signal peptide)9£®jianbingmima(degenerate code)10£®hetangti(ribosome)11£®duohetangti(poly some)12£®anzuojibuwei(aminoacyl site)13£®zuozuojibuwei(peptidy site)14£®zuojizhuanyimei(peptidyl transferase)15£®anzuo- tRNA hechengmei(amino acy-tRNA synthetase)16£®danbaizhizhedie(protein folding)17£®hedanbaitixunhuan(polyribosome)18£®xinzhi(zine finger)19£®liangansuanlalian(leucine zipper)20£®shunshizuoyongyuanjian(cis-acting element)21£®fanshizuoyongyinzi(trans-acting factor)22£®luoxuan-huan-luoxuan(helix-loop-helix)diyizhang danbaizhi1£®liangxinglizi£ºzhizaitongyianjisuanfenzishanghanyoudengliangdezhengfuliangzhongdianhe£¬youchengjianxinglizihuooujilizi¡£2£®bixuanjisuan£ºzhirenti£¨heqitaburudongwu£©zishenbunenghecheng£¬jitiyoubixu£¬xuyaocongyinshizhonghuodedeanjisuan¡£3. anjisuandedengdiandian£ºzhianjisuandezhenglizinongduhefulizinongduxiangdengshidepH zhi£¬yongfuhaopIbiaoshi¡£4£®xiyouanjisuan£ºzhicunzaiyudanbaizhizhongde20 zhongchangjiananjisuanyiwaideqitahanjiananjisuan£¬tamenshizhengchanganjisuandeyanshengwu¡£5£®feidanbaizhianjisuan£ºzhibucunzaiyudanbaizhifenzizhongeryiyoulizhuangtaihejiehezhuangtaicunzaiyushengwutidegezhongzuzhihexibaodeanjisuan¡£6£®gouxing£ºzhizailitiyigoutizhongbuduichengtanyuanzishangxiangliandegeyuanzihuoqudaijituandekongjianpaibu¡£gouxingdezhuanbianbansuizhuogongjiajiandeduanliehezhongxinxingcheng¡£7£®danbaizhideyijijiegou£ºzhidanbaizhiduozuolianzhonganjisuandepailieshunxu£¬yijierliujiandeweizhi¡£8£®gouxiang£ºzhiyoujifenzizhong£¬bugaibiangongjiajianjiegou£¬jindanjianzhouweideyuanzixuanzhuansuochanshengdeyuanzidekongjianpaibu¡£yizhonggouxianggaibianweilingyizhonggouxiangshi£¬bushejigongjiajiandeduanliehezhongxinxingcheng¡£gouxianggaibianbuhuigaibianfenzideguangxuehuoxing¡£9£®danbaizhideerjijiegou£ºzhizaidanbaizhifenzizhongdejubuquyunei£¬duozuolianyanyidingfangxiangpanraohezhediedefangshi¡£10£®jiegouyu£ºzhidanbaizhiduozuolianzaierjijiegoudejichushangjinyibujuanquzhediechengjigexiangduidulidejinsiqiuxingdezuzhuangti¡£11£®danbaizhidesanjijiegou£ºzhidanbaizhizaierjijiegoudejichushangjiezhugezhongcijijianjuanquzhediechengtedingdeqiuzhuangfenzijiegoudegouxiang¡£12£®qingjian£ºzhidanbaizhizaierjijiegoudejichushangjiezhugezhongcijijianjuanquzhediechengtedingdeqiuzhuangfenzijiegoudegouxiang¡£13£®danbaizhidesijijiegou£ºzhiduoyajidanbaizhifenzizhonggegejuyousanjijiegoudeduozuolianyishidangfangshijuhesuochengxiandesanweijiegou¡£14£®lizijian£ºdaixiangfandianhedejituanzhijiandejingdianyinli£¬yechengweijingdianjianhuoyanjian¡£15£®chaoerjijiegou£ºzhidanbaizhifenzizhongxianglindeerjijiegoudanweizuhezaiyiqisuoxingchengdeyouguizede¡¢zaikongjianshangnengbianrendeerjijiegouzuheti¡£16£®shushuijian£ºfeijixingfenzizhijiandeyizhongruode¡¢feigongjiadexianghuzuoyong¡£rudanbaizhifenzizhongdeshushuicelianbikaishuixiangerxianghujujierxingchengdezuoyongli¡£17£®fandehuali£ºzhongxingyuanzizhijiantongguoshunjianjingdianxianghuzuoyongchanshengdeyizhongruodefenzijiandeli¡£danglianggeyuanzizhijiandejuliweitamendefandehuabanjingzhiheshi£¬fandehualizuiqiang¡£18£®yanxi£ºzaidanbaizhirongyezhongjiaruyidingliangdegaonongduzhongxingyan£¨ruliusuanan£©£¬shidanbaizhirongjiedujiangdibingchendianxichudexianxiangchengweiyanxi¡£19£®yanrong£ºzaidanbaizhirongyezhongjiarushaoliangzhongxingyanshidanbaizhirongjieduzengjiadexianxiang¡£20£®danbaizhidebianxingzuoyong£ºdanbaizhifenzidetianrangouxiangzaodaopohuaidaozhiqishengwuhuoxingsangshidexianxiang¡£danbaizhizaishoudaoguangzhao¡¢re¡¢youjirongjiyijiyixiebianxingjidezuoyongshi£¬cijijianzaodaopohuaidaozhitianrangouxiangdepohuai£¬danqiyijijiegoubufashenggaibian¡£21£®danbaizhidefuxing£ºzhizaiyidingtiaojianxia£¬bianxingdedanbaizhifenzihuifuqiyuanyoudetianrangouxiangbinghuifushengwuhuoxingdexianxiang¡£22£®danbaizhidechendianzuoyong£ºzaiwaijieyinsuyingxiangxia£¬danbaizhifenzishiqushuihuamohuobeizhongheqisuodaidianhe£¬daozhirongjiedujiangdicongershidanbaizhibiandebuwendingerchendiandexianxiangchengweidanbaizhidechendianzuoyong¡£23£®ningjiaodianyong£ºyiningjiaoweijiezhi£¬zaidianchangzuoyongxiafenlidanbaizhihuohesuandengfenzidefenlichunhuajishu¡£24£®cengxi£ºanzhaozaiyidongxiang£¨keyishiqitihuoyeti£©hegudingxiang£¨keyishiyetihuoguti£©zhijiandefenpeibilijianghunhechengfenfenkaidejishu¡£dierzhang hesuan1. danhezuosuan(mononucleotide)£ºhezuoyulinsuansuoheshengchengdelinsuanzuochengweidanhezuosuan¡£2. linsuanerzuojian£¨phosphodiester bonds£©£ºdanhezuosuanzhong£¬hezuodewutangyulinsuandezuojizhijianxingchengdelinsuanzuojian¡£3. buduichengbilv£¨dissymmetry ratio£©£ºbutongshengwudejianjizuchengyouhendadechayi£¬zhekeyongbuduichengbilv£¨A+T£©/£¨G+C£©shi¡£4. jianjihubuguilv(complementary base pairing)£ºzaixingchengshuangluoxuanjiegoudeguochengzhong£¬youyugezhongjianjidedaxiaoyujiegoudebutong£¬shidejianjizhijiandehubupeiduizhinengzaiG¡­C£¨huoC¡­G£©heA¡­T£¨huoT¡­A£©zhijianjinxing£¬zhezhongjianjipeiduideguilvjiuchengweijianjipeiduiguilv£¨hubuguilv£©¡£5. fanmimazi£¨anticodon£©£ºzaitRNA lianshangyousangetedingdejianji£¬zuchengyigemimazi£¬youzhexiefanmimazianjianjipeiduiyuanzeshibiemRNA lianshangdemimazi¡£fanmimaziyumimazidefangxiangxiangfan¡£6. shunfanzi£¨cistron£©:jiyingongnengdedanwei£»yiduanranseti£¬tashiyizhongduozuoliandemima£»yizhongjiegoujiyin¡£7. hesuandebianxing¡¢fuxing£¨denaturation¡¢renaturation£©£ºdangchengshuangluoxuanjiegoudeDNA rongyehuanmanjiareshi£¬qizhongdeqingjianbianduankai£¬shuanglianDNA biantuojieweidanlian£¬zhejiaozuohesuande¡°rongjie¡±huobianxing¡£zaishiyidewenduxia£¬fensankaideliangtiaoDNA liankeyiwanquanzhongxinjiehechengheyuanlaiyiyangdeshuangguluoxuan¡£zhegeDNA luoxuandezhongzuguochengchengwei¡°fuxing¡±¡£8. tuihuo£¨annealing£©£ºdangjiangshuanggulianchengfensanzhuangtaideDNA rongyehuanmanlengqueshi£¬tamenkeyifashengbutongchengdudezhongxinjieheerxingchengshuanglianluoxuanjiegou£¬zhexianxiangchengwei¡°tuihuo¡±¡£9. zengsexiaoying£¨hyper chromic effect£©£ºdangDNA congshuangluoxuanjiegoubianweidanliandewuguizejuanquzhuangtaishi£¬tazai260nm chudexishoubianzengjia£¬zhejiao¡°zengsexiaoying¡±¡£10. jiansexiaoying£¨hypo chromic effect£©£ºDNA zai260nm chudeguangmidubizaiDNA fenzizhongdegegejianjizai260nm chuxishoudeguangmidudezonghexiaodeduo£¨yueshao35%~40%£©, zhexianxiangchengwei¡°jiansexiaoying¡±¡£11. shijunti£¨phage£©£ºyizhongbingdu£¬takepohuaixijun£¬bingzaiqizhongfanzhi¡£yejiaoxijundebingdu¡£12. fajiajiegou£¨hairpin structure£©£ºRNA shidanlianxianxingfenzi£¬zhiyoujubuquyuweishuanglianjiegou¡£zhexiejiegoushiyouyuRNA danlianfenzitongguozishenhuizheshidehubudejianjiduixiangyu£¬xingchengqingjianjieheerchengde£¬chengweifajiajiegou¡£13. DNA derongjiewendu£¨Tm zhi£©£ºyinqiDNA fasheng¡°rongjie¡±dewendubianhuafanweizhibuguojidu£¬zhegewendubianhuafanweidezhongdianchengweirongjiewendu£¨Tm£©¡£14. fenzizajiao£¨molecular hybridization£©£ºbutongdeDNA pianduanzhijian£¬DNA pianduanyuRNA pianduanzhijian£¬ruguobicijiandehezuosuanpailieshunxuhubuyekeyifuxing£¬xingchengxindeshuangluoxuanjiegou¡£zhezhonganzhaohubujianjipeiduiershibuwanquanhubudeliangtiaoduohezuosuanxianghujiehedeguochengchengweifenzizajiao¡£15. huanhuahezuosuan(cyclic nucleotide)£ºdanhezuosuanzhongdelinsuanjifenbieyuwutangde3¡¯-OH ji5¡¯-OHxingchengzuojian£¬zhezhonglinsuanneizuodejiegouchengweihuanhuahezuosuan¡£disanzhang meiyufumei1£®mishichangshu£¨Km zhi£©£ºyong£Ëm zhibiaoshi£¬shimeideyigezhongyaocanshu¡££Ëm zhishimeifanyingsudu£¨V£©dadaozuidafanyingsudu£¨Vmax£©yibanshidiwudenongdu£¨danweiM huomM£©¡£mishichangshushimeidetezhengchangshu£¬zhiyumeidexingzhiyouguan£¬bushoudiwunongduhemeinongdudeyingxiang¡£2£®diwuzhuanyixing£ºmeidezhuanyixingshizhimeiduidiwujiqicuihuafanyingdeyangexuanzexing¡£tongchangmeizhinengcuihuayizhonghuaxuefanyinghuoyileixiangsidefanying£¬butongdemeijuyoubutongchengdudezhuanyixing£¬meidezhuanyixingkefenweisanzhongleixing£ºjueduizhuanyixing¡¢xiangduizhuanyixing¡¢litizhuanyixing¡£3£®fuji£ºmeidefuyinzihuojiehedanbaizhidefeidanbaibufen£¬yumeihuodanbaizhijiehedefeichangjinmi£¬yongtouxifabunengchuqu¡£4£®dantimei£ºzhiyouyitiaoduozuoliandemeichengweidantimei£¬tamenbunengjieliweigengxiaodedanwei¡£fenziliangwei13,000¡ª¡ª35,000¡£5£®guajumei£ºyoujigehuoduogeyajizuchengdemeichengweiguajumei¡£guajumeizhongdeyajikeyishixiangtongde£¬yekeyishibutongde¡£yajijianyifeigongjiajianjiehe£¬rongyiweisuanjian£¬gaonongdudeyanhuoqitadebianxingjifenli¡£guajumeidefenziliangcong35 000 daojibaiwan¡£6£®duomeitixi£ºyoujigemeibiciqianhexingchengdefuhetichengweiduomeitixi¡£duomeifuhetiyouliyuxibaozhongyixiliefanyingdelianxujinxing£¬yitigaomeidecuihuaxiaolv£¬tongshibianyujitiduimeidediaokong¡£duomeifuhetidefenziliangduzaijibaiwanyishang¡£7£®jihuoji£ºfanshinengtigaomeihuoxingdewuzhi£¬duchengjihuoji£¬qizhongdabufenshilizihuojiandandeyoujihuahewu¡£8£®yizhiji£ºnengshimeidebixujituanhuomeihuoxingbuweizhongdejituandehuaxuexingzhigaibianerjiangdimeidecuihuahuoxingshenzhishimeidecuihuahuoxingwanquansangshidewuzhi¡£9£®biangoumei£ºhuochengbiegoumei£¬shidaixieguochengzhongdeguanjianmei£¬tadecuihuahuoxingshouqisanweijiegouzhongdegouxiangbianhuadediaojie¡£10£®tonggongmei£ºshizhiyoujitineinenggoucuihuatongyizhonghuaxuefanying£¬danqimeidanbaibenshendefenzijiegouzuchengqueyousuobutongdeyizumei¡£11£®youdaomei£ºshizhidangxibaozhongjiarutedingyoudaowuhouyoudaochanshengdemei£¬tadehanliangzaiyoudaowucunzaixiaxianzhuzenggao£¬zhezhongyoudaowuwangwangshigaimeidiwudeleisiwuhuodiwubenshen¡£12£®meiyuan£ºmeidewuhuoxingqianti£¬tongchangzaiyouxiandudedanbaizhishuijiezuoyonghou£¬zhuanbianweijuyouhuoxingdemei¡£13£®meidebihuoli£ºbihuolishizhimeihaokedanbaizhisuojuyoudehuolidanweishu£¬keyiyongxiashibiaoshi£ºhuolidanweishu bihuoli= danbaizhiliang£¨mg£©14£®huoxingzhongxin£ºmeifenzizhongzhijieyudiwujiehe£¬bingcuihuadiwufashenghuaxuefanyingdebuwei£¬chengweimeidehuoxingzhongxin¡£disizhang shengwuyanghuayuyanghualinsuanhua1£® shengwuyanghua£º shengwutineiyoujiwuzhiyanghuaerchanshengdaliangnengliangdeguochengchengweishengwuyanghua¡£shengwuyanghuazaixibaoneijinxing£¬yanghuaguochengxiaohaoyangfangchueryanghuatanheshui£¬suoyiyoushiyechengzhiwei¡°xibaohuxi¡±huo¡°xibaoyanghua¡±¡£shengwuyanghuabaokuo£ºyoujitanyanghuabianchengCO2£»diwuyanghuatuoqing¡¢qingjidianzitongguohuxilianchuandi¡¢fenziyangyuchuandideqingjiechengshui£»zaiyoujiwubeiyanghuachengCO2 heH2Odetongshi£¬shifangdenengliangshiADP zhuanbianchengATP¡£2£® huxilian£ºyoujiwuzaishengwutineiyanghuaguochengzhongsuotuoxiadeqingyuanzi£¬jingguoyixilieyouyangepailieshunxudechuanditizuchengdechuanditixijinxingchuandi£¬zuizhongyuyangjieheshengchengshui£¬zheyangdedianzihuoqingyuanzidechuanditixichengweihuxilianhuodianzichuandilian¡£dianzizaizhubudechuandiguochengzhongshifangchunengliangbeiyongyuhechengATP£¬yizuoweishengwutidenenglianglaiyuan¡£3£® yanghualinsuanhua£ºzaidiwutuoqingbeiyanghuashi£¬dianzihuoqingyuanzizaihuxilianshangdechuandiguochengzhongbansuiADP linsuanhuashengchengATP dezuoyong£¬chengweiyanghualinsuanhua¡£yanghualinsuanhuashishengwutineidetang¡¢zhifang¡¢danbaizhiyanghuafenjiehechengATP dezhuyaofangshi¡£4¡¢linyangbi£ºdianzijingguohuxiliandechuandizuoyongzuizhongyuyangjieheshengchengshui£¬zaiciguochengzhongsuoshifangdenengliangyongyuADP linsuanhuashengchengATP¡£jingciguochengxiaohaoyigeyuanzideyangsuoyaoxiaohaodewujilinsuandefenzishu£¨yeshishengchengATP defenzishu£©chengweilinyangbizhi£¨P£¯O£©¡£ruNADH delinyangbizhishi3£¬FADH2 delinyangbizhishi2¡£5£® diwushuipinglinsuanhua£ºzaidiwubeiyanghuadeguochengzhong£¬diwufenzineibunengliangzhongxinfenbuchanshenggaonenglinsuanjian£¨huogaonengliuzuojian£©£¬youcigaonengjiantigongnengliangshiADP£¨huoGDP£©linsuanhuashengchengATP£¨huoGTP£©deguochengchengweidiwushuipinglinsuanhua¡£ciguochengyuhuxiliandezuoyongwuguan£¬yidiwushuipinglinsuanhuafangshizhichanshengshaoliangATP¡£ruzaitangjiaojie£¨EMP£©deguochengzhong£¬3-linsuanganyouquantuoqinghouchanshengde1,3-erlinsuanganyousuan£¬zailinsuanganyoujimeicuihuaxiaxingchengATP defanying£¬yijizai2-linsuanganyousuantuoshuihouchanshengdelinsuanxichunshibingtongsuan£¬zaibingtongsuanjimeicuihuaxingchengATP defanyingjunshudiwushuipingdelinsuanhuafanying¡£lingwai£¬zaisanzuosuanhuan£¨TCA£©zhong£¬yeyouyibufanyingshudiwushuipinglinsuanhuafanying£¬ru¦Á-tongwuersuanjingyanghuatuozuohoushengchenggaonenghuahewuzuozuozuo¡«CoA£¬qigaonengliuzuojianzaizuozuozuoCoA hechengmeidecuihuaxiazhuanyigeiGDP shengchengGTP¡£ranhouzaihezuoerlinsuanjimeizuoyongxia£¬GTP youjiangmoduandegaonenglinsuangenzhuangeiADP shengchengATP¡£6£®nenghe£ºnengheshixibaozhonggaonenglinsuanzhuangtaideyizhongshuliangshangdehengliang£¬nenghedaxiaokeyishuomingshengwutizhongATP-ADP-AMP xitongdenengliangzhuangtai¡£nenghe=[ATP]+12 [ADP][ATP]+[ADP]+[AMP]diwuzhang tang dai xie1£®tangyisheng£ºfeitangwuzhi£¨rubingtongsuanrusuanganyoushengtanganjisuandeng£©zhuanbianweiputaotangdeguocheng¡£2£®Q mei£ºQ meishicanyuzhiliandianfenhechengdemei¡£gongnengshizaizhiliandianfenfenzishangcuihuahecheng£¨¦Á-1£¬6£©tangzuojian£¬xingchengzhiliandianfen¡£3£®rusuanxunhuanru£ºsuanxunhuanshizhijirouqueyangshichanshengdaliangrusuan£¬dabufenjingxueyeyundaoganzang£¬tongguotangyishengzuoyonggantangyuanhuoputaotangbuchongxuetang£¬xuetangkezaibeijirouliyong£¬zheyangxingchengdexunhuanchengrusuanxunhuan¡£4£®fajiao£ºyanyangyoujitibatangjiaojieshengchengNADH zhongdeqingjiaogeibingtongsuantuozuohoudechanwuyiquan£¬shizhishengchengyichundeguochengchengzhiweijiujingfajiao¡£ruguojiangqingjiaogeibingtongsuanbingshengchengrusuanzejiaorusuanfajiao¡£5£®biangoudiaojie£ºbiangoudiaojieshizhimouxiediaojiewunengyumeidediaojiebuweijieheshimeifenzidegouxiangfashenggaibian£¬congergaibianmeidehuoxing£¬chengmeidebiangoudiaojie¡£6£®tangjiaojietujing£ºtangjiaojietujingzhitangyuanhuoputaotangfenzifenjiezhishengchengbingtongsuandejieduan£¬shitineitangdaixiezuizhuyaotujing¡£7£®tangdeyouyangyanghua£ºtangdeyouyangyanghuazhiputaotanghuotangyuanzaiyouyangtiaojianxiayanghuachengshuiheeryanghuatandeguocheng¡£shitangyanghuadezhuyaofangshi¡£8£®gantangyuanfenjie£ºgantangyuanfenjiezhigantangyuanfenjieweiputaotangdeguocheng¡£9£®linsuanwutangtujing£ºlinsuanwutangtujingzhijitimouxiezuzhi£¨rugan¡¢zhifangzuzhideng£©yi6-linsuanputaotangweiqishiwuzai6-linsuanputaotangtuoqingmeicuihuaxiaxingcheng6-linsuanputaotangsuanjinerdaixieshengchenglinsuanwutangweizhongjiandaixiewudeguocheng£¬youchengweilinsuanyitangpanglu¡£10£®D-mei£ºyizhongtangzuozhuanyimei£¬zuoyongyu¦Á-1£¬4 tangzuojian£¬jiangyigemaiyaduotangdepianduanzhuanyidaoputaotang¡¢maiyatanghuoqitaduotangshang¡£11£®tanghezuosuan£ºdantangyuhezuosuantongguolinsuanzuojianjiehedehuahewu£¬shishuangtangheduotanghechengzhongdantangdehuohuaxingshiyugongti¡£diliuzhang zhileidaixie1£®bixuzhifangsuan£ºweirentishengchangsuobixudanyoubunengzishenhecheng£¬bixucongshiwuzhongshequdezhifangsuan¡£zaizhifangzhongyousanzhongzhifangsuanshirentisuobixude£¬jiyayousuan£¬yamasuan£¬huashengsixisuan¡£2.¦Á-yanghua£º¦Á-yanghuazuoyongshiyijuyou3-18tanyuanzideyoulizhifangsuanzuoweidiwu£¬youfenziyangjianjiecanyu£¬jingzhifangsuanguoyanghuawumeicuihuazuoyong£¬you¦Átanyuanzikaishiyanghua£¬yanghuachanwushiD-¦Á-zuozhifangsuanhuoshaoyigetanyuanzidezhifangsuan¡£3. zhifangsuande¦Â-yanghua£ºzhifangsuande¦Â-yanghuazuoyongshizhifangsuanzaiyixiliemeidezuoyongxia£¬zai¦Átanyuanzihe¦Âtanyuanzizhijianduanlie£¬¦Âtanyuanziyanghuachengzuojishengchenghan2getanyuanzideyizuoCoA hebiyuanlaishao2 getanyuanzidezhifangsuan¡£4. zhifangsuan¦Ø-yanghua£º¦Ø-yanghuashiC5¡¢C6¡¢C10¡¢C12zhifangsuanzaiyuanlizuojidewanjimoduantanyuanzibeiyanghuachengzuoji£¬zaijinyibuyanghuaerchengweizuoji£¬shengcheng¦Á,¦Ø-erzuosuandeguocheng¡£5. yiquansuanxunhuan£ºyizhongbeixiugaideningmengsuanxunhuan£¬zaiqiyiningmengsuanhepingguosuanzhijianfanyingshunxuyougaibian£¬yijiyisuanshiyongzuonenglianghezhongjianwudeyigelaiyuan¡£mouxiezhiwuheweishengwutineiyoucixunhuan£¬taxuyaoerfenziyizuofumeiAdecanyu£»bingdaozhiyifenzizuozuosuandehecheng¡£6. ningmengsuanchuansuo£ºjiushixianlitineideyizuoCoA yucaozuoyisuansuohechengningmengsuan£¬ranhoujingneimoshangdesanzuosuanzaitiyunzhibaoyezhong£¬zainingmengsuanliejiemeicuihuaxia£¬xuxiaohaoATP jiangningmengsuanliejiehuicaozuoyisuanhe£¬houzhejiukeyongyuzhifangsuanhecheng£¬ercaozuoyisuanjinghuanyuanhouzaiyanghuatuozuochengbingtongsuan£¬bingtongsuanjingneimozaitiyunhuixianliti£¬zaibingtongsuanzuohuameizuoyongxiazhongxinshengchengcaozuoyisuan£¬zheyangjiukeyouyicicanyuzhuanyunyizuoCoA dexunhuan¡£7£®yizuoCoA zuohuameixi£ºdachangganjunyizuoCoA zuohuameihanshengwusuzuohuamei¡¢shengwusuzuojizaitidanbai£¨BCCP£©hezhuanzuojimeisanzhongzufen£¬tamengongtongzuoyongcuihuayizuoCoA dezuohuafanying£¬shengchengbingersuandanzuo-CoA¡£8£®zhifangsuanhemeixitong£ºzhifangsuanhemeixitongbaokuozuojizaitidanbai£¨ACP£©he6 zhongmei£¬tamenfenbieshi£ºyizuozhuanzuomei£»bingersuandanzuozhuanzuomei£»¦Â-tongzhizuoACP hechengmei£»¦Â-tongzhizuoACP huanyuanmei£»¦Â-zuo£»zhizuoACP tuoshuimei£»xizhizuoACP huanyuanmei¡£dibazhang handanhuahewudaixie1£®danbaimei£ºyichengzuolianneiqiemei£¨Endopeptidase£©£¬zuoyongyuduozuolianneibudezuojian£¬shengchengjiaoyuanlaihananjisuanshushaodezuoduan£¬butonglaiyuandedanbaimeishuijiezhuanyixingbutong¡£2£®zuomei£ºzhizuoyongyuduozuoliandemoduan£¬genjuzhuanyixingbutong£¬kezaiduozuodeN-duanhuoC-duanshuijiexiaanjisuan£¬ruanzuomei¡¢zuozuomei¡¢erzuomeideng¡£3£®danpingheng£ºzhengchangrensherudedanyupaichudandadaopinghengshidezhuangtai£¬fanyingzhengchangrendedanbaizhidaixieqingkuang¡£4£®shengwugudan£ºliyongweishengwuzhonggudanmeidezuoyong£¬zaichangwenchangyatiaojianxiajiangdaqizhongdedanhuanyuanweiandeguocheng£¨N2 + 3H2¡ú 2 NH3£©¡£5£®xiaosuanhuanyuanzuoyong£ºzaixiaosuanhuanyuanmeiheyaxiaosuanhuanyuanmeidecuihuaxia£¬jiangxiaotaidanzhuanbianchengantaidandeguocheng£¬zhiwutineixiaosuanhuanyuanzuoyongzhuyaozaiyehegenjinxing¡£6£®andetonghua£ºyoushengwugudanhexiaosuanhuanyuanzuoyongchanshengdean£¬jinrushengwutihoubeizhuanbianweihandanyoujihuahewudeguocheng¡£7£®zhuananzuoyong£ºzaizhuananmeidezuoyongxia£¬bayizhonganjisuanshangdeanjizhuanyidao¦Á-tongsuanshang£¬xingchenglingyizhonganjisuan¡£8£®niaosuxunhuan£ºniaosuxunhuanyechengniaoansuanxunhuan£¬shijianghandanhuahewufenjiechanshengdeanzhuanbianchengniaosudeguocheng£¬youjiechuanduhaidezuoyong¡£9£®shengtanganjisuan£ºzaifenjieguochengzhongnengzhuanbianchengbingtongsuan¡¢¦Á-tongwuersuanyi¡¢zuozuozuofumeiA¡¢yanhusuosuanhecaozuoyisuandeanjisuanchengweishengtanganjisuan¡£10£®shengtonganjisuan£ºzaifenjieguochengzhongnengzhuanbianchengyizuofumeiA heyizuoyizuofumeiA deanjisuanchengweishengtonganjisuan¡£11£®hesuanmei£ºzuoyongyuhesuanfenzizhongdelinsuanerzuojiandemei£¬fenjiechanwuweiguahezuosuanhuohezuosuan£¬genjuzuoyongweizhibutongkefenweihesuanwaiqiemeihehesuanneiqiemei¡£12£®xianzhixinghesuanneiqiemei£ºnengzuoyongyuhesuanfenzineibu£¬bingduimouxiejianjishunxuyouzhuanyixingdehesuanneiqiemei£¬shijiyingongchengzhongdezhongyaogongjumei¡£13£®anjidiezuo£ºduizuozuohezuosuandeshengwuhechengqijingzhengxingyizhizuoyongdehuahewu£¬yusiqingyesuanjiegouxiangsi£¬youchenganjiyesuan¡£14£®yitandanwei£ºjinhanyigetanyuanzidejituanrujiaji£¨CH3-¡¢yajiaji£¨CH2=£©¡¢cijiaji£¨CH¡Ô£©¡¢jiazuoji£¨O=CH-)¡¢yaanjiaji£¨HN=CH-£©deng£¬yitandanweikelaiyuanyuganansuan¡¢suansuan¡¢siansuan¡¢zuansuandenganjisuan£¬yitandanweidezaitizhuyaoshisiqingyesuan£¬gongnengshicanyushengwufenzidexiushi¡£dijiuzhang hesuandeshengwuhecheng1£®banbaoliufuzhi£ºshuanglianDNA defuzhifangshi£¬qizhongqindailianfenli£¬meiyizidaiDNA fenziyouyitiaoqindailianheyitiaoxinhechengdelianzucheng¡£2£®buduichengzhuanlu£ºzhuanlutongchangzhizaiDNA derenyitiaolianshangjinxing£¬zhechengweibuduichengzhuanlu¡£3£®nizhuanlu£ºTemin heBaltimore gezifaxianzaiRNA zhongliubingduzhonghanyouRNA zhidaodeDNA juhemei£¬caizhengmingfashengnixiangzhuanlu£¬jiyiRNA weimobanhechengDNA¡£4£®gangqipianduan£ºyizuduandeDNA pianduan£¬shizaiDNA fuzhideqishijieduanchanshengde£¬suihouyoubeilianjiemeilianjiexingchengjiaochangdepianduan¡£zaidachangganjunshengchangqijian£¬jiangxibaoduanshijiandibaoluzaizuobiaojidexiongxianzuozuozhong£¬jiukezhengminggangqipianduandecunzai¡£gangqipianduandefaxianweiDNA fuzhidekeenbogejilitigongliaoyiju¡£5£®fuzhicha£ºfuzhiDNA fenzideY xingquyu¡£zaiciquyufashengliandefenlijixinliandehecheng¡£6£®lingtoulian£ºDNA deshuanggulianshifanxiangpingxingde£¬yitiaolianshi5/¡ú3/fangxiang£¬lingyitiaoshi3/¡ú5/fangxiang£¬shangshudeqidianchuhechengdelingtoulian£¬yanzhuoqindaiDNA danliande3/¡ú5/fangxiang£¨yijixinhechengdeDNAyan5/¡ú3/fangxiang£©buduanyanchang¡£suoyilingtoulianshilianxude¡£7£®suihoulian£ºyizhideDNA juhemeibunengcuihuaDNA lianchao3/¡ú5/fangxiangyanchang£¬zailiangtiaoqindailianqidiande3/ duanyicedeDNA lianfuzhishibulianxude£¬erfenweiduogepianduan£¬meiduanshichao5/¡ú3/fangxiangjinxing£¬suoyisuihoulianshibulianxude¡£8£®youyiyilian£ºjihuasenlian£¬huasen¡ª¡ªkeligexingDNA zhong£¬zaitineibeizhuanludenaguDNA lian¡£jianxieweiWstrand¡£9£®guangfuhuo£ºjiangshouziwaixianzhaosheeryinqisunshangdexijunyongkejianguangzhaoshe£¬dabufensunshangxibaokeyihuifu£¬zhezhongkejianguangyinqidexiufuguochengjiushiguangfuhuozuoyong¡£10£®zhongzuxiufu£ºzhegeguochengshixianjinxingfuzhi£¬zaijinxingxiufu£¬fuzhishi£¬zidaiDNA liansunshangdeduiyingbuweichuxianquekou£¬zheketongguofenzizhongzucongwanzhengdemulianshang£¬jiangyiduanxiangyingdeduohezuosuanpianduanyizhiziliandequekouchu£¬ranhouzaihechengyiduanduohexisuanjianlaitianbumuliandequekou£¬zhegeguochengchengweizhongzuxiufu¡£11£®neihanzi£ºzhenheshengwudemRNA qiantizhong£¬chuliaozhucunyichuanxuliewai£¬huancunzaifeibianmaxulie£¬chengweineihanzi¡£12£®waixianzi£ºzhenheshengwudemRNA qiantizhong£¬bianmaxuliechengweiwaixianzi¡£13£®jiyinzaiti£ºwaiyuanDNA pianduan£¨mudejiyin£©yaojinrushoutixibao£¬bixuyouyigeshidangdeyunzaigongjujiangdairuxibaonei£¬bingzaizhuowaiyuanDNA yiqijinxingfuzhiyubiaoda£¬zhezhongyunzaigongjuchengweizaiti¡£14£®zhili£ºshiyizhongzaixijunransetiyiwaideyichuandanyuan£¬yibanyouhuanxingshuanglianDNA goucheng£¬qidaxiaocong1¡ª200Kb¡£dishiyizhang daixiediaojie1. youdaomei£ºyouyuyoudaowudecunzai£¬shiyuanlaiguanbidejiyinkaifang£¬congeryinqimouxiemeidehechengshuliangmingxianzengjia£¬zheyangdemeichengweiyoudaomei2. biaobingmei£ºzaiduomeicuxiliefanyingzhong£¬shoukongzhidebuweitongchangshixiliefanyingkaitoudemei£¬zhegemeiyibanshibiangoumei£¬yechengbiaobingmei¡£3. caozongzi£ºzaizhuanlushuipingshangkongzhijiyinbiaodadexiediaodanwei£¬baokuoqidongzi£¨P£©¡¢caozongjiyin£¨O£©hezaigongnengshangxiangguandejigejiegoujiyin¡£4. shuaijianzi£ºweiyujiegoujiyinshangyouqiandaoqudiaojiejiyinbiaodadegongnengdanwei£¬qiandaoquzhuanludeqiandaoRNAtongguogouxiangbianhuazhongzhihuojianruozhuanlu¡£5. zuewu£ºyoudiaojiejiyinchanshengdeyizhongbiangoudanbai£¬dangtayucaozongjiyinjieheshi£¬nenggouyizhizhuanludejinxing¡£6. fuzuewu£ºnenggouyushihuodezuzuodanbaijiehe£¬binghuifuzuedanbaiyucaozongjiyinjiehenenglidewuzhi¡£fuzuewuyibanshimeifanyingdechanwu¡£7. jiangjiewujiyinhuohuadanbai£ºyoudiaojiejiyinchanshengdeyizhongcAMP shoutidanbai£¬dangtayucAMP jieheshibeijihuo£¬bingjiehedaoqidongzishangcujinzhuanlujinxing¡£shiyizhongzhengdiaojiezuoyong¡£8. xianzuosuanhuanhuamei£ºcuihuaATP jiaolinsuanliejiechanshenghuanxianzuosuan£¨cAMP£©demei¡£9. gongjiaxiushi£ºmouzhongxiaofenzijituankeyigongjiajiehedaobeixiushimeidetedinganjisuancanjishang£¬yinqimeifenzigouxiangbianhua£¬congerdiaojiedaixiedefangxianghesudu¡£10. jilianxitong£ºzailiansuodaixiefanyingzhongyigemeibeijihuohou£¬lianxudifashengqitameibeijihuo£¬daozhiyuanshidiaojiexinhaodezhujifangda£¬zheyangdeliansuodaixiefanyingxitongchengweijilianxitong¡£11. fankuiyizhi£ºzaidaixiefanyingzhong£¬fanyingchanwuduifanyingguochengzhongqizuoyongdemeichanshengdeyizhizuoyong¡£12. jiaochadiaojie£ºdaixiechanwubujinduibenshendefanyingguochengyoufankuiyizhizuoyong£¬erqiekeyikongzhilingyidaixiewuzaibutongtujingzhongdehecheng¡£13. qiankuijihuo£ºzaifanyingxuliezhong£¬qianshenwuzhiduihoumiandemeiqijihuozuoyong£¬shifanyingxiangqianjinxing¡£14. gaidiaodanbai£ºyizhongyilaiyugaidedanbaijimei£¬meidanbaiyugaijieheyinqimeifenzigouxiangbianhua£¬diaojiemeidehuoxing¡£rulinsuanhuameijimeishiyizhongyilaiyugaidedanbaijimei¡£dishierzhang danbaizhideshengwuhecheng1£®mimazi£¨codon£©£ºcunzaiyuxinshiRNA zhongdesangexianglindehezuosuanshunxu£¬shidanbaizhihechengzhongmouyitedinganjisuandemimadanwei¡£mimaziquedingnayizhonganjisuansanrudanbaizhiduozuoliandetedingweizhishang£»gongyou64 gemimazi,qizhong61 geshianjisuandemima£¬3 geshizuoweizhongzhimimazi¡£2£®tongyimimazi£¨synonym codon£©£ºweitongyizhonganjisuanbianmadejigemimazizhiyi£¬lirumimaziUUU heUUC erzheduweibenbingansuanbianma¡£3£®fanmimazi£¨anticodon£©£ºzaizhuanyiRNA fanmimazihuanzhongdesangehezuosuandexulie£¬zaidanbaizhihechengzhongtongguohubudejianjipeidui£¬zhebufenjiehedaoxinshiRNA deteshumimashang¡£4£®bianoujiashuo£¨Wobble hypothesis£©£ºkelikeweijieshitRNA fenziruhequshibiebuzhiyigemimaziertichudeyizhongjiashuo¡£jucijiashuo£¬fanmimazideqianlianggejianji£¨3¨@duan£©anzhaojianjipeiduideyibanguilvyumimazideqianliangge£¨5¨@duan£©jianjipeidui£¬ranertRNA fanmimazizhongdedisangejianji£¬zaiyumimazishang3¨@duandejianjixingchengqingjianshi£¬zekeyoumouzhongchengdudebiandong£¬shiqiyoukenengyujizhongbutongdejianjipeidui¡£5£®yimatubian£¨frame-shift mutation£©£ºyizhongtubian£¬qijieguoweidaozhihesuandehezuosuanshunxuzhijiandezhengchangguanxifashenggaibian¡£yimatubianshiyoushanquhuocharuyigehezuosuandediantubiangouchengde£¬zaizhezhongqingkuangxia£¬tubiandianyiqiandemimazibingbugaibian£¬bingjiangjuedingzhengquedeanjisuanshunxu£»dantubiandianyihoudesuoyoumimazidujianggaibian¡£qiejiangjuedingcuowudeanjisuanshunxu¡£6£®anjisuantonggongshouti£¨isoacceptor£©£ºmeiyigeanjisuankeyiyouduoguoyigetRNA zuoweiyunzaigongju£¬zhexietRNA chengweigaianjisuantonggongshouti¡£7£®fanyiRNA£¨antisense RNA£©£ºjuyouhubuxuliedeRNA¡£fanyiRNA keyitongguohubuxulieyutedingdemRNA xiangjiehe£¬jieheweizhibaokuomRNA jiehehetangtidexulie£¨SD xulie£©heqishimimaziAUG£¬congeryizhimRNA defanyi¡£youchengganraomRNA dehubuRNA¡£8£® xinhaozuo£¨signal peptide£©: xinhaozuojiashuorenwei£¬bianmafenmidanbaidemRNAzaifanyishishouxianhechengdeshiN moduandaiyoushushuianjisuancanjidexinhaozuo£¬tabeineizhiwangmoshangdeshoutishibiebingyuzhixiangjiehe¡£xinhaozuojingyoumozhongdanbaizhixingchengdekongdaodaodaneizhiwangneiqiang£¬suijibeiweiyuqiangbiaomiandexinhaozuomeishuijie£¬youyutadeyindao£¬xinshengdeduozuojiunenggoutongguoneizhiwangmojinruqiangnei£¬zuizhongbeifenmidaobaowai¡£fanyijieshuhou£¬hetangtiyajijieju¡¢kongdaoxiaoshi£¬neizhiwangmoyouhuifuyuanxiandezhishuangcengjiegou¡£9. jianbingmima£¨degenerate codon£©£ºhuochengtongyimimazi£¨synonym codon£©£¬weitongyizhonganjisuanbianmajigemimazizhiyi£¬lirumimaziUUU heUUC erzheduweibenbingansuanbianma¡£10.hetangti£¨ribosome£©: hetangtishihenduoyaxibaohedanbaikelizhongdeyige£¬youdayuedengliangdeRNAhedanbaizhisuozucheng£¬shixibaoneidanbaizhihechengdechangsuo¡£meigehetanghedanbaitizaiwaixingshangjinsiyuanxing£¬zhijingyuewei20nm¡£youlianggebuxiangtongdeyajizucheng£¬zhelianggeyajitongguomeiliziheqitafeigongjiajiandijiehezaiyiqi¡£yizhengshiyousileihetanghedanbaiti£¨xijun¡¢zhiwu¡¢dongwuhexianliti£©tamenyiqidantide¡¢yadanweidehehetanghedanbaitiRNA dechenjiangxishuxiangqubie¡£xijunhedanbaitihanyouyue50 gebutongdedanbaizhifenzihe3 gebutongdeRNA fenzi¡£xiaodeyadanweihanyouyue20gedanbaizhifenzihe1 geRNAfenzi¡£dadeyadanweihanyouyue30 gedanbaizhifenzihe2 geRNA fenzi¡£hedanbaitiyoulianggejiehezhuanyiRNA debuwei£¨buweihebuwei£©£¬bingqieyenengfushangxinshiRNA£¬jianxieweiRb¡£11£®duohetangti£¨polysome£©:zaixinshihetanghesuanlianshangfuzhuolianggehuogengduodehetangti¡£12£®anzuojibuwei£¨aminoacyl site£©£ºzaidanbaizhihechengguochengzhongjinrudeanzuo-tRNAjiehezaihedanbaitishangdebuwei¡£13£®zuozuojibuwei£¨peptidy site£©£ºzhizaidanbaizhihechengguochengzhong£¬dangxiayigeanzuojizhuanyiRNAjiedaohetanghedanbaitideanjibuweishi£¬zuozuotRNAsuozaihedanbaitishangdejiehedian¡£14£®zuojizhuanyimei£¨peptidyl transferase£©£ºdanbaizhihechengzhongdeyizhongmei¡£tanengcuihuazhengzaizengchangdeduozuolianyuxiayigeanjisuanzhijianxingchengzuojian¡£zaixijunzhongcimeishi50S hetanghedanbaitiyadanweizhongdedanbaizhizhiyi¡£15£®anzuo-tRNA hechengmei£¨amino acy-tRNA synthetase£©£ºcuihuaanjisuanjihuodeoulianfanyingdemei£¬xianshiyizhonganjisuanlianjiedaoAMP shengchengyizhonganzuoxianzuosuan£¬ranhoulianjiedaozhuanyiRNA fenzishengchenganzuo-tRNA fenzi¡£16£®danbaizhizhedie£¨protein folding£©£ºdanbaizhidesanweigouxiang£¬chengweidanbaizhidezhedie¡£shiyoudanbaizhiduozuoliandeanjisuanshunxusuojuedingde¡£butongdedanbaizhiyoubutongdeanjisuanshunxu£¬yejiugezianzhaoyidingdefangshizhedieerchenggaidanbaizhiduyoudetianrangouxiang¡£zhegedanbaizhizhedieshizaizirantiaojianxiazifajinxingde£¬zaishengwutineitiaojianxia£¬tashizairelixueshangzuiwendingdexingshi¡£duozuolianzaihetangtishangyimianyanchang£¬yimianzifadizhediechengqibenshenduyoudegouxiang¡£dangzuolianzhongzhiyanchangbingconghetangtishangtuoluoshi£¬tayejiuzhediechengtianrandesanweijiegou¡£17£®hedanbaitixunhuan£¨polyribosome£©£ºshizhiyihuohuadeanjisuanyoutRNAzhuanyundaohedanbaitihechengduozuoliandeguocheng¡£18£®xinzhi£¨zine finger£©£ºshidiaokongzhuanludedanbaizhiyinzizhongyuDNA jiehedeyizhongjiyuan£¬tayoudayue30 geanjisuancanjidezuoduanyuxinzuohexingchengdezhixingjiegou£¬xinyi4 gepeiweijianyuzuoliandeCyshuoHis canjijiehe£¬zhixingtuqidezuoduanhan12-13 geanjisuancanji£¬zhixingtuqiqianruDNA dedagouzhong£¬youzhixingtuqihuoqifujindemouxieanjisuancelianyuDNA dejianjijieheershixiandanbaizhiyuDNA dejiehe¡£19£®liangansuanlalian£¨leucine zipper£©£ºzheshizhenheshengwuzhuanludiaokongdanbaiyudanbaizhijiyuDNA jiehedejiyuanzhiyi¡£lianggedanbaizhifenzijinchuC duanzuoduangezixingchengliangxing¦Á-luoxuan£¬¦Á-luoxuandezuoduanmeige7 geanjisuancanjichuxianyigeliangansuancanji£¬liangge¦Á-luoxuandeshushuimianhuxiangkaolong£¬liangpailiangansuancanjishushuicelianpailiechenglalianzhuangxingchengshushuijianshidanbaizhijiehechengerjuti£¬¦Á-luoxuandeshangyoufuhanjianxinganjisuan£¨Arg ¡¢Lys£©zuoduanjieArg ¡¢Lys celianjituanyuDNA dejianjihuxiangjieheershixiandanbaizhiyuDNA deteyijiehe¡£20£®shunshizuoyongyuanjian£¨cis-acting element£©£ºzhenheshengwuDNA dezhuanluqidongzihezengqiangzidengxulie£¬hechengshunshizuoyongyuanjian¡£21£®fanshizuoyongyinzi£¨trans-acting factor£©£ºdiaokongzhuanludegezhongdanbaizhiyinzizongchengfanshizuoyongyinzi¡£22£®luoxuanhuanluoxuan£¨helix-loop-helix£©£ºzhezhongdanbaizhijiyuanyoulianggeliangxing¦Á¡ªluoxuantongguoyigezuoduanlianjiexingchengluoxuan¡ªhuan¡ªluoxuanjiegou£¬lianggedanbaizhitongguoliangxingluoxuandeshushuimianhuxiangjiehe£¬yuDNA dejiehezeyikaocijiyuanfujindejianxinganjisuancelianjituanyuDNA dejianjijieheershixian¡£danshirangrenxiangbudaodeshi£¬meizuobujinmeiyouduiqianfudexinlianqingbiaoshibuman£¬fanerzhudongzhanchulaiweilixiaoranchengqing¡£tagongkaibiaoshi£¬lixiaoranbingfei"xiaosan"£¬tayuzuopodehunyinzaoyimingcunshiwang£¬lixiaoranyutaxiangshishi£¬tamenyijingfenju¡£

ÕÔ(´Ü³ó²¹´Ç)ÔÆ(³Û³Ü²Ô)À½(³¢²¹²Ô)Òª(³Û²¹´Ç)²»(µþ³Ü)Äã(±·¾±)Åâ(±Ê±ð¾±)ÎÒ(°Â´Ç)µã(¶Ù¾±²¹²Ô)Ç®(²Ï¾±²¹²Ô)°É(µþ²¹)£¬ÆÚ(²Ï¾±)´ý(¶Ù²¹¾±)°ë(µþ²¹²Ô)Ìì(°Õ¾±²¹²Ô)ÃÀ(²Ñ±ð¾±)Ç¿(²Ï¾±²¹²Ô²µ)²Ò(°ä²¹²Ô)Çå(²Ï¾±²Ô²µ)Àä(³¢±ð²Ô²µ)ÊÜ(³§³ó´Ç³Ü)£¬Á½(³¢¾±²¹²Ô²µ)Äê(±·¾±²¹²Ô)£¡Õû(´Ü³ó±ð²Ô²µ)Õû(´Ü³ó±ð²Ô²µ)Á½(³¢¾±²¹²Ô²µ)Äê(±·¾±²¹²Ô)ÎÒ(°Â´Ç)²Å(°ä²¹¾±)Öª(´Ü³ó¾±)µÀ(¶Ù²¹´Ç)×Ô(´Ü¾±)¼º(´³¾±)Õ¾(´Ü³ó²¹²Ô)´í(°ä³Ü´Ç)ÁË(³¢¾±²¹´Ç)

²õ³Ü¾±°ù²¹²Ô³ú³ó±ð³æ¾±±ðÂá¾±²Ô²µ±ç³Ü²â´Ç³Ü³ú³ó³Ü´Ç»å±ð²Ô²µÂá¾±³ó³Ü²¹´Ú±ð²Ô£¬»å²¹²Ô»å³Ü¾±·É²¹¾±³æ³Ü²¹²Ô³¦³ó³Ü²¹²Ô²õ³ó¾±±ç³Ü±ð·É³Ü²â¾±±ô¾±·É²¹¾±£¬Âá¾±²¹²Ô²µ³ú¾±Âá¾±³¦³ó³Ü¾±±è±ð²Ô²µ»å±ð¡°³Ù¾±²¹²Ô²õ³ó²¹²Ô²µ»å¾±³æ¾±²¹¡¢»å³Ü²â¾±·É³Ü±ð°ù¡±£¬±ç¾±²õ³ó¾±±ç³Ü²¹²Ô²õ³ó¾±³ó´Ç²Ô²µ±è¾±²¹²Ô·É²¹¾±»å¾±°ù±ð²Ô±ô²¹¾±²â´Ç³Ü·É²¹²Ô»å±ðÂá¾±±ô¾±²¹¡£»å²¹Âá¾±²¹³æ¾±²Ô°ù²¹²Ô³Ù´Ç²Ô²µ²â¾±£¬·É±ð¾±³ú³Ü´Ç³ú²¹¾±°ì±ð³Ù¾±²Ô²µ±ô¾±°ì²¹¾±²õ³ó¾±³Ù²¹´Ç±ô³Ü²Ô¡£±ç¾±´Ú±ð²ÔÂá¾±²¹²ÔÂá¾±²¹²Ô²ú¾±²¹²Ô»å±ð±ç¾±²Ô²µ²õ´Ç²Ô²µ²â³Ü°ì³Ü²¹¾±£¬³æ¾±²¹´Ç²õ³ó±ð²Ô²µ²ú³Ü²õ³ó¾±³¦´Ç²Ô²µ´Ú²¹²Ô²µÂá¾±²¹²Ô±ô¾±³¦³ó³Ü²¹²Ô³¦³ó³Ü¡£

2024-07-05 10:04¡¤±±(Bei)¾©(Jing)ÈÕ(Ri)±¨(Bao)¿Í(Ke)»§(Hu)¶Ë(Duan)

ÇïÌìµÄºìÉ«£¬²»ÊÇÖ»Óкì·ãÒ¶£¬¹Ê¹¬ÅԱߵÄС¹«Ô°£¬»î»¯Ê¯Ë®É¼ºìÀ²"°Ö£¬Â裬ÄãÃÇÔõô²»Ôç˵°¡£¿"ÍõСÃ÷×øÏÂÀ´£¬³Ï¿ÒµØ˵£¬"Òª²»ÕâÑù£¬ÎÒÿ¸öÔ¸øÄãÃDz¹Ìùµã¶ù£¿"¸ßÊÖÏÂɽ:¿ª¾Ö¾ÅÖ½»éÊé(ÇØÑôÒ¶Èá)ÍêÕû°æС˵ȫÎÄÃâ·Ñ...¹þ¶û±õ731²¿¶ÓÒÅÖ·½ûµØ,Ê®ÒÚÇàÄêÊ®ÒÚ±ø,Âí¸ï¹üʬ̤¶«¾©´¥...

1¡¢ÇýÖð½¢²»Í£²ú¾ÍÒ»Ö±Âòµ½ËüÍ£²úΪֹ

ÉùÃ÷£º¸ÃÎĹ۵ã½ö´ú±í×÷Õß±¾ÈË£¬ËѺüºÅϵÐÅÏ¢·¢²¼Æ½Ì¨£¬ËѺü½öÌṩÐÅÏ¢´æ´¢¿Õ¼ä·þÎñ¡£