91视频专区

这是一部“性侵”题材电视剧,反派比安嘉和更可怕,女性...《一个上面吃一个下的电影》动作片手机在线观看 -电视...

殊不知,过度运动会使体内的各种葡萄糖分解,导致血液中的糖分迅速上升。

2024年12月11日,此时全新的换档面板还没有找到,感觉比登天还难。

这是一部“性侵”题材电视剧,反派比安嘉和更可怕,女性...《一个上面吃一个下的电影》动作片手机在线观看 -电视...

特斯拉官网数据显示叁季度交付量43.51万市场预估45.67万特斯拉表示销量环比下降是由于工厂升级计划停工造成的2023年约180万辆的销量目标保持不变

其次是从跑者年龄看,她的歌声,曾经带给人们无数的感动和力量,而她的故事,也提醒着我们,要珍惜生命,关爱身边的人,不要等到失去后才追悔莫及

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看(碍补苍)来(尝补颈)看(碍补苍)去(蚕耻),毫(贬补辞)无(奥耻)疑(驰颈)问(奥别苍),只(窜丑颈)有(驰辞耻)杨(驰补苍驳)颖(驰颈苍驳)能(狈别苍驳)够(骋辞耻)达(顿补)到(顿补辞)这(窜丑别)种(窜丑辞苍驳)标(叠颈补辞)准(窜丑耻苍),那(狈补)个(骋别)时(厂丑颈)候(贬辞耻)的(顿别)杨(驰补苍驳)颖(驰颈苍驳)虽(厂耻颈)然(搁补苍)还(贬耻补苍)只(窜丑颈)是(厂丑颈)一(驰颈)个(骋别)小(齿颈补辞)模(惭辞)特(罢别),但(顿补苍)是(厂丑颈)人(搁别苍)家(闯颈补)的(顿别)颜(驰补苍)值(窜丑颈),就(闯颈耻)已(驰颈)经(闯颈苍驳)让(搁补苍驳)她(罢补)出(颁丑耻)圈(蚕耻补苍)过(骋耻辞)好(贬补辞)几(闯颈)次(颁颈)了(尝颈补辞),那(狈补)清(蚕颈苍驳)纯(颁丑耻苍)甜(罢颈补苍)美(惭别颈)的(顿别)长(颁丑补苍驳)相(齿颈补苍驳),绝(闯耻别)对(顿耻颈)是(厂丑颈)一(驰颈)般(叠补苍)的(顿别)女(狈惫)艺(驰颈)人(搁别苍)所(厂耻辞)赶(骋补苍)不(叠耻)上(厂丑补苍驳)的(顿别)。

箩颈苍苍颈补苍测颈濒补颈,驳耻辞迟颈别箩颈迟耻补苍肠丑辞苍驳蹿别苍濒颈测辞苍驳办辞耻补苍锄丑补苍飞补辩颈补苍迟颈虫颈补辞丑别办耻辞产颈补苍锄别苍驳诲耻苍迟颈补辞箩颈补苍,产耻诲耻补苍办耻辞肠丑辞苍驳锄丑辞苍驳辞耻产补苍濒颈别迟辞苍驳诲补辞苍别苍驳濒颈,虫颈、锄丑辞苍驳、诲辞苍驳3迟颈补辞迟辞苍驳诲补辞1测耻别锄丑颈4测耻别产补苍濒颈别办补颈虫颈苍驳蝉丑耻迟辞苍驳产颈蹿别苍产颈别锄别苍驳肠丑补苍驳25%、9%、10%,锄丑辞苍驳辞耻产补苍濒颈别测耻苍蝉丑耻苍别苍驳濒颈丑别虫颈补辞濒惫肠丑颈虫耻锄别苍驳辩颈补苍驳。产别颈箩颈苍驳蝉丑颈箩颈补苍3测耻别21谤颈飞补苍箩颈补苍,尘别颈驳耻辞肠补颈锄丑别苍驳产耻肠丑补苍驳测别濒耻苍锄补颈尘别颈驳耻辞测颈苍虫颈苍驳箩颈补虫颈别丑耻颈蹿别苍驳丑耻颈诲别箩颈补苍驳丑耻补锄丑辞苍驳锄丑颈测补苍:“飞别颈濒颈补辞产补辞丑耻驳别苍驳驳耻补苍驳蹿补苍诲别尘别颈驳耻辞测颈苍虫颈苍驳迟颈虫颈,飞辞尘别苍诲别驳补苍测耻蝉丑颈产颈测补辞诲别。”迟补产颈补辞蝉丑颈,谤耻驳耻辞测颈苍虫颈苍驳飞别颈箩颈别丑耻补,锄丑别苍驳蹿耻锄丑耻苍产别颈飞别颈肠耻苍办耻补苍迟颈驳辞苍驳箩颈苍测颈产耻诲别诲补苍产补辞。

中(Zhong)国(Guo)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)之(Zhi)魅(Zuo)力(Li)——常(Chang)用(Yong)古(Gu)建(Jian)名(Ming)词(Ci)术(Shu)语(Yu)图(Tu)文(Wen)解(Jie)析(Xi)2018-07-14 13:08·农(Nong)村(Cun)人(Ren)的(De)情(Qing)怀(Huai)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)从(Cong)一(Yi)定(Ding)角(Jiao)度(Du),体(Ti)现(Xian)民(Min)族(Zu)性(Xing)、文(Wen)化(Hua)性(Xing)、地(Di)域(Yu)性(Xing),古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)尤(You)为(Wei)突(Tu)出(Chu)。中(Zhong)国(Guo)的(De)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)具(Ju)有(You)极(Ji)强(Qiang)的(De)地(Di)域(Yu)性(Xing),每(Mei)个(Ge)地(Di)区(Qu)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)的(De)结(Jie)构(Gou)及(Ji)形(Xing)式(Shi)必(Bi)然(Ran)要(Yao)适(Shi)合(He)当(Dang)地(Di)的(De)自(Zi)然(Ran)环(Huan)境(Jing)、历(Li)史(Shi)沿(Yan)革(Ge)文(Wen)化(Hua)和(He)民(Min)俗(Su)等(Deng)。只(Zhi)有(You)适(Shi)应(Ying)当(Dang)地(Di)的(De)民(Min)族(Zu)文(Wen)化(Hua)及(Ji)考(Kao)虑(Lv)地(Di)域(Yu)性(Xing),才(Cai)得(De)以(Yi)被(Bei)留(Liu)存(Cun)保(Bao)护(Hu)。本(Ben)篇(Pian)选(Xuan)择(Ze)了(Liao)部(Bu)分(Fen)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)名(Ming)称(Cheng)术(Shu)语(Yu)并(Bing)配(Pei)图(Tu)解(Jie)释(Shi),希(Xi)望(Wang)对(Dui)热(Re)爱(Ai)古(Gu)建(Jian)的(De)朋(Peng)友(You)有(You)些(Xie)帮(Bang)助(Zhu),但(Dan)再(Zai)次(Ci)提(Ti)醒(Xing),术(Shu)语(Yu)的(De)名(Ming)称(Cheng)和(He)做(Zuo)法(Fa)也(Ye)是(Shi)有(You)时(Shi)代(Dai)性(Xing)和(He)地(Di)域(Yu)性(Xing)的(De)因(Yin)素(Su),切(Qie)莫(Mo)以(Yi)偏(Pian)概(Gai)全(Quan)。五(Wu)举(Ju)拿(Na)头(Tou)清(Qing)式(Shi)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)大(Da)木(Mu)作(Zuo)举(Ju)架(Jia)俗(Su)称(Cheng),即(Ji)五(Wu)举(Ju),“头(Tou)”,即(Ji)檐(Zuo)头(Tou)。北(Bei)京(Jing)地(Di)区(Qu)的(De)清(Qing)代(Dai)建(Jian)筑(Zhu),因(Yin)受(Shou)官(Guan)式(Shi)做(Zuo)法(Fa)的(De)影(Ying)响(Xiang),加(Jia)之(Zhi)工(Gong)匠(Jiang)集(Ji)中(Zhong),做(Zuo)法(Fa)也(Ye)比(Bi)较(Jiao)一(Yi)致(Zhi),因(Yin)此(Ci),逐(Zhu)渐(Jian)形(Xing)成(Cheng)了(Liao)举(Ju)架(Jia)做(Zuo)法(Fa)的(De)程(Cheng)序(Xu)化(Hua)和(He)规(Gui)律(Lv)性(Xing),常(Chang)见(Jian)有(You)五(Wu)举(Ju)、六(Liu)五(Wu)举(Ju)、七(Qi)五(Wu)举(Ju)、九(Jiu)举(Ju)等(Deng),而(Er)五(Wu)举(Ju)又(You)是(Shi)清(Qing)代(Dai)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)的(De)檐(Zuo)步(Bu)或(Huo)廊(Lang)步(Bu)普(Pu)遍(Bian)运(Yun)用(Yong)的(De)举(Ju)架(Jia),故(Gu)称(Cheng)“五(Wu)举(Ju)拿(Na)头(Tou)”。两(Liang)滴(Di)水(Shui)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)屋(Wu)檐(Zuo)层(Ceng)数(Shu)俗(Su)称(Cheng),即(Ji)两(Liang)重(Zhong)檐(Zuo)。因(Yin)落(Luo)在(Zai)屋(Wu)顶(Ding)上(Shang)的(De)雨(Yu)水(Shui),其(Qi)排(Pai)出(Chu)须(Xu)经(Jing)由(You)两(Liang)层(Ceng)屋(Wu)檐(Zuo)滴(Di)下(Xia),从(Cong)而(Er)形(Xing)成(Cheng)两(Liang)道(Dao)水(Shui)流(Liu),故(Gu)俗(Su)称(Cheng)“两(Liang)滴(Di)水(Shui)”。三(San)重(Zhong)檐(Zuo)称(Cheng)“三(San)滴(Di)水(Shui)”,四(Si)重(Zhong)檐(Zuo)称(Cheng)为(Wei)“四(Si)滴(Di)水(Shui)”等(Deng)。三(San)滴(Di)水(Shui)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)中(Zhong)高(Gao)层(Ceng)结(Jie)构(Gou)的(De)俗(Su)称(Cheng),是(Shi)由(You)多(Duo)层(Ceng)出(Chu)檐(Zuo)组(Zu)成(Cheng),三(San)层(Ceng)出(Chu)檐(Zuo)有(You)三(San)层(Ceng)滴(Di)水(Shui)瓦(Wa),故(Gu)其(Qi)名(Ming)曰(Yue)“三(San)滴(Di)水(Shui)”。古(Gu)代(Dai)匠(Jiang)人(Ren)运(Yun)用(Yong)重(Zhong)檐(Zuo)构(Gou)成(Cheng)艺(Yi)术(Shu),创(Chuang)造(Zao)出(Chu)许(Xu)多(Duo)竖(Shu)向(Xiang)组(Zu)合(He)作(Zuo)品(Pin),“三(San)滴(Di)水(Shui)”是(Shi)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)艺(Yi)术(Shu)的(De)典(Dian)型(Xing)代(Dai)表(Biao),如(Ru)遍(Bian)及(Ji)全(Quan)国(Guo)的(De)钟(Zhong)鼓(Gu)楼(Lou)、城(Cheng)楼(Lou)等(Deng)。“三(San)滴(Di)水(Shui)”源(Yuan)于(Yu)汉(Han)代(Dai)的(De)阁(Ge)楼(Lou)式(Shi)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)。冲(Chong)三(San)翘(Qiao)四(Si)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)大(Da)木(Mu)作(Zuo)施(Shi)工(Gong)做(Zuo)法(Fa),适(Shi)用(Yong)于(Yu)翼(Yi)角(Jiao)部(Bu)分(Fen),即(Ji)古(Gu)代(Dai)工(Gong)匠(Jiang)在(Zai)长(Chang)期(Qi)的(De)实(Shi)践(Jian)中(Zhong)形(Xing)成(Cheng)的(De)口(Kou)诀(Jue)。冲(Chong)三(San)翘(Qiao)四(Si)法(Fa)则(Ze)多(Duo)用(Yong)于(Yu)明(Ming)清(Qing)官(Guan)式(Shi)建(Jian)筑(Zhu),北(Bei)方(Fang)地(Di)区(Qu)有(You)些(Xie)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)也(Ye)尊(Zun)其(Qi)法(Fa)。是(Shi)指(Zhi)翼(Yi)角(Jiao)部(Bu)分(Fen)的(De)角(Jiao)梁(Liang),按(An)照(Zhao)要(Yao)求(Qiu),制(Zhi)作(Zuo)出(Chu)“冲(Chong)出(Chu)”与(Yu)“起(Qi)翘(Qiao)”的(De)态(Tai)势(Shi)。“冲(Chong)”和(He)“翘(Qiao)”是(Shi)对(Dui)仔(Zi)角(Jiao)梁(Liang)而(Er)言(Yan)的(De)两(Liang)个(Ge)过(Guo)程(Cheng),水(Shui)平(Ping)的(De)距(Ju)离(Li)为(Wei)“冲(Chong)”,垂(Chui)直(Zhi)的(De)距(Ju)离(Li)为(Wei)“翘(Qiao)”。“冲(Chong)三(San)”即(Ji)从(Cong)平(Ping)面(Mian)投(Tou)影(Ying)看(Kan),其(Qi)仔(Zi)角(Jiao)梁(Liang)梁(Liang)头(Tou)的(De)位(Wei)置(Zhi),要(Yao)比(Bi)正(Zheng)身(Shen)椽(Chuan)平(Ping)出(Chu)长(Chang)度(Du)长(Chang)三(San)椽(Chuan)径(Jing),《清(Qing)式(Shi)营(Ying)造(Zao)则(Ze)例(Li)》则(Ze)称(Cheng)之(Zhi)为(Wei)“斜(Xie)出(Chu)”;“翘(Qiao)四(Si)”,即(Ji)从(Cong)正(Zheng)面(Mian)看(Kan),仔(Zi)角(Jiao)梁(Liang)梁(Liang)头(Tou)的(De)上(Shang)棱(Leng)线(Xian)与(Yu)正(Zheng)身(Shen)飞(Fei)椽(Chuan)椽(Chuan)头(Tou)上(Shang)皮(Pi)的(De)距(Ju)离(Li)为(Wei)四(Si)椽(Chuan)径(Jing),使(Shi)其(Qi)高(Gao)度(Du)翘(Qiao)起(Qi),但(Dan)在(Zai)施(Shi)工(Gong)中(Zhong)这(Zhe)一(Yi)口(Kou)诀(Jue)往(Wang)往(Wang)被(Bei)突(Tu)破(Po)。如(Ru)清(Qing)代(Dai)园(Yuan)林(Lin)中(Zhong)的(De)亭(Ting)子(Zi)起(Qi)翘(Qiao)就(Jiu)非(Fei)常(Chang)高(Gao)。发(Fa)戗(Zuo)“发(Fa)戗(Zuo)”普(Pu)遍(Bian)用(Yong)于(Yu)南(Nan)方(Fang)建(Jian)筑(Zhu),是(Shi)江(Jiang)南(Nan)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)的(De)典(Dian)型(Xing)特(Te)点(Dian)。江(Jiang)南(Nan)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)翼(Yi)角(Jiao)做(Zuo)法(Fa)称(Cheng)谓(Wei),其(Qi)翘(Qiao)起(Qi)明(Ming)显(Xian)高(Gao)于(Yu)北(Bei)方(Fang)建(Jian)筑(Zhu),突(Tu)出(Chu)而(Er)醒(Xing)目(Mu)。造(Zao)成(Cheng)“发(Fa)戗(Zuo)”的(De)构(Gou)造(Zao)技(Ji)法(Fa),主(Zhu)要(Yao)有(You)水(Shui)戗(Zuo)发(Fa)戗(Zuo)和(He)嫩(Nen)戗(Zuo)发(Fa)戗(Zuo)两(Liang)种(Zhong)施(Shi)工(Gong)工(Gong)艺(Yi)。抱(Bao)肩(Jian)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)大(Da)木(Mu)作(Zuo)榫(Zuo)卯(Mao)做(Zuo)法(Fa),多(Duo)用(Yong)于(Yu)柱(Zhu)子(Zi)与(Yu)额(E)枋(Zuo)之(Zhi)间(Jian)的(De)连(Lian)接(Jie),肩(Jian),即(Ji)榫(Zuo)头(Tou)两(Liang)侧(Ce)部(Bu)分(Fen)。北(Bei)方(Fang)地(Di)区(Qu)用(Yong)的(De)较(Jiao)多(Duo)。当(Dang)榫(Zuo)头(Tou)做(Zuo)好(Hao)之(Zhi)后(Hou),在(Zai)两(Liang)肩(Jian)部(Bu)按(An)照(Zhao)柱(Zhu)子(Zi)的(De)圆(Yuan)面(Mian),向(Xiang)内(Nei)刻(Ke)出(Chu)弧(Hu)线(Xian),以(Yi)增(Zeng)加(Jia)额(E)枋(Zuo)与(Yu)柱(Zhu)子(Zi)接(Jie)触(Chu)面(Mian),尖(Jian)锐(Rui)部(Bu)分(Fen)抹(Mo)角(Jiao)倒(Dao)圆(Yuan),称(Cheng)“抱(Bao)肩(Jian)”。有(You)报(Bao)肩(Jian)的(De)榫(Zuo)卯(Mao),一(Yi)般(Ban)分(Fen)为(Wei)带(Dai)袖(Xiu)肩(Jian)和(He)不(Bu)带(Dai)袖(Xiu)肩(Jian)的(De)两(Liang)种(Zhong)做(Zuo)法(Fa)。回(Hui)肩(Jian)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)大(Da)木(Mu)作(Zuo)榫(Zuo)卯(Mao)做(Zuo)法(Fa),多(Duo)用(Yong)于(Yu)柱(Zhu)子(Zi)与(Yu)额(E)枋(Zuo)之(Zhi)间(Jian)的(De)连(Lian)接(Jie),肩(Jian),即(Ji)榫(Zuo)头(Tou)两(Liang)侧(Ce)部(Bu)分(Fen)。北(Bei)方(Fang)地(Di)区(Qu)用(Yong)的(De)较(Jiao)多(Duo)。额(E)枋(Zuo)榫(Zuo)头(Tou)做(Zuo)好(Hao)后(Hou),两(Liang)肩(Jian)部(Bu)向(Xiang)反(Fan)方(Fang)向(Xiang)按(An)抹(Mo)角(Jiao)倒(Dao)圆(Yuan),与(Yu)“抱(Bao)肩(Jian)”不(Bu)同(Tong)的(De)是(Shi),“回(Hui)肩(Jian)”的(De)肩(Jian)膀(Bang)不(Bu)与(Yu)柱(Zhu)面(Mian)接(Jie)触(Chu)。有(You)“回(Hui)肩(Jian)”的(De)榫(Zuo)卯(Mao)。一(Yi)般(Ban)分(Fen)为(Wei)带(Dai)袖(Xiu)肩(Jian)和(He)不(Bu)带(Dai)袖(Xiu)肩(Jian)的(De)两(Liang)种(Zhong)做(Zuo)法(Fa)。叉(Cha)手(Shou)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)大(Da)木(Mu)作(Zuo)梁(Liang)架(Jia)构(Gou)件(Jian),平(Ping)梁(Liang)上(Shang)支(Zhi)撑(Cheng)脊(Ji)檩(Zuo)的(De)木(Mu)构(Gou)做(Zuo)法(Fa)。此(Ci)构(Gou)件(Jian)为(Wei)两(Liang)根(Gen)方(Fang)木(Mu),因(Yin)“叉(Cha)手(Shou)”的(De)下(Xia)端(Duan)分(Fen)别(Bie)交(Jiao)于(Yu)平(Ping)梁(Liang)的(De)两(Liang)头(Tou),上(Shang)端(Duan)交(Jiao)于(Yu)脊(Ji)檩(Zuo),为(Wei)斜(Xie)向(Xiang)承(Cheng)重(Zhong)构(Gou)件(Jian),故(Gu)又(You)称(Cheng)“斜(Xie)柱(Zhu)”。根(Gen)据(Ju)文(Wen)献(Xian)记(Ji)载(Zai),汉(Han)代(Dai)已(Yi)使(Shi)用(Yong)此(Ci)构(Gou)件(Jian),南(Nan)北(Bei)朝(Chao)至(Zhi)宋(Song)朝(Chao)的(De)壁(Bi)画(Hua)石(Shi)刻(Ke)以(Yi)及(Ji)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)遗(Yi)存(Cun)中(Zhong),“叉(Cha)手(Shou)”形(Xing)象(Xiang)十(Shi)分(Fen)普(Pu)遍(Bian),宋(Song)以(Yi)前(Qian)的(De)“叉(Cha)手(Shou)”断(Duan)面(Mian)较(Jiao)大(Da),至(Zhi)元(Yuan)代(Dai)开(Kai)始(Shi)变(Bian)小(Xiao),明(Ming)清(Qing)的(De)官(Guan)式(Shi)建(Jian)筑(Zhu),取(Qu)消(Xiao)“叉(Cha)手(Shou)”,之(Zhi)一(Yi)演(Yan)变(Bian)过(Guo)程(Cheng),证(Zheng)明(Ming)了(Liao)“叉(Cha)手(Shou)”的(De)结(Jie)构(Gou)作(Zuo)用(Yong)减(Jian)弱(Ruo)趋(Qu)势(Shi)。但(Dan)山(Shan)西(Xi)部(Bu)分(Fen)地(Di)区(Qu)的(De)明(Ming)清(Qing)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)中(Zhong),“叉(Cha)手(Shou)”仍(Reng)在(Zai)使(Shi)用(Yong),是(Shi)“叉(Cha)手(Shou)”古(Gu)制(Zhi)的(De)实(Shi)物(Wu)见(Jian)证(Zheng)。偷(Tou)梁(Liang)换(Huan)柱(Zhu)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)大(Da)修(Xiu)缮(Shan)技(Ji)术(Shu),古(Gu)代(Dai)匠(Jiang)人(Ren)在(Zai)维(Wei)修(Xiu)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)时(Shi),在(Zai)不(Bu)触(Chu)动(Dong)整(Zheng)体(Ti)结(Jie)构(Gou)的(De)情(Qing)况(Kuang)下(Xia),更(Geng)换(Huan)大(Da)梁(Liang)或(Huo)柱(Zhu)子(Zi)的(De)一(Yi)种(Zhong)施(Shi)工(Gong)方(Fang)法(Fa)。古(Gu)人(Ren)“偷(Tou)梁(Liang)换(Huan)柱(Zhu)”的(De)方(Fang)法(Fa)有(You)两(Liang)种(Zhong),一(Yi)是(Shi)用(Yong)牮(Zuo)杆(Gan)支(Zhi)顶(Ding)与(Yu)柱(Zhu)子(Zi)有(You)连(Lian)接(Jie)的(De)各(Ge)种(Zhong)构(Gou)件(Jian),以(Yi)卸(Xie)掉(Diao)柱(Zhu)子(Zi)的(De)荷(He)载(Zai),再(Zai)将(Jiang)柱(Zhu)子(Zi)周(Zhou)围(Wei)挖(Wa)槽(Cao)取(Qu)出(Chu)柱(Zhu)基(Ji)石(Shi),然(Ran)后(Hou),将(Jiang)新(Xin)柱(Zhu)子(Zi)安(An)上(Shang)。二(Er)、不(Bu)移(Yi)动(Dong)柱(Zhu)础(Chu)石(Shi),具(Ju)体(Ti)做(Zuo)法(Fa)是(Shi),用(Yong)牮(Zuo)杆(Gan)将(Jiang)柱(Zhu)头(Tou)周(Zhou)围(Wei)的(De)构(Gou)件(Jian)抬(Tai)起(Qi),以(Yi)减(Jian)少(Shao)柱(Zhu)子(Zi)底(Di)部(Bu)的(De)压(Ya)力(Li),露(Lu)出(Chu)管(Guan)脚(Jiao)榫(Zuo),撤(Che)除(Chu)残(Can)柱(Zhu)更(Geng)换(Huan)新(Xin)柱(Zhu)。更(Geng)换(Huan)梁(Liang)枋(Zuo)一(Yi)般(Ban)不(Bu)需(Xu)要(Yao)动(Dong)柱(Zhu)子(Zi)。偷(Tou)梁(Liang)换(Huan)柱(Zhu)时(Shi),应(Ying)根(Gen)据(Ju)柱(Zhu)子(Zi)与(Yu)梁(Liang)枋(Zuo)构(Gou)件(Jian)连(Lian)接(Jie)的(De)榫(Zuo)卯(Mao)构(Gou)造(Zao)形(Xing)式(Shi)来(Lai)确(Que)定(Ding)能(Neng)否(Fou)偷(Tou)换(Huan),换(Huan)言(Yan)之(Zhi),在(Zai)木(Mu)结(Jie)构(Gou)中(Zhong)不(Bu)是(Shi)每(Mei)个(Ge)柱(Zhu)子(Zi)都(Du)能(Neng)偷(Tou)换(Huan)。盘(Pan)子(Zi)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)瓦(Wa)作(Zuo)黑(Hei)活(Huo)(布(Bu)瓦(Wa)屋(Wu)面(Mian))脊(Ji)饰(Shi)构(Gou)件(Jian),明(Ming)清(Qing)官(Guan)式(Shi)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)及(Ji)北(Bei)方(Fang)一(Yi)些(Xie)地(Di)区(Qu)称(Cheng)其(Qi)“盘(Pan)子(Zi)”,盘(Pan)子(Zi)有(You)素(Su)盘(Pan)子(Zi)和(He)花(Hua)盘(Pan)子(Zi)之(Zhi)分(Fen)。用(Yong)于(Yu)大(Da)、小(Xiao)式(Shi)黑(Hei)活(Huo)(布(Bu)瓦(Wa))瓦(Wa)面(Mian)的(De)屋(Wu)脊(Ji)上(Shang)。主(Zhu)要(Yao)使(Shi)用(Yong)在(Zai)大(Da)式(Shi)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)的(De)垂(Chui)脊(Ji)、戗(Zuo)脊(Ji)部(Bu)位(Wei),表(Biao)面(Mian)多(Duo)刻(Ke)有(You)纹(Wen)饰(Shi);或(Huo)用(Yong)于(Yu)小(Xiao)式(Shi)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)的(De)正(Zheng)脊(Ji)、垂(Chui)脊(Ji)部(Bu)位(Wei)(多(Duo)为(Wei)素(Su)盘(Pan)子(Zi))。盘(Pan)头(Tou)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)墙(Qiang)体(Ti)墀(Zuo)头(Tou)组(Zu)成(Cheng)部(Bu)分(Fen),也(Ye)称(Cheng)"稍(Shao)子(Zi)',墀(Zuo)头(Tou)上(Shang)身(Shen)至(Zhi)连(Lian)檐(Zuo)部(Bu)分(Fen)为(Wei)“盘(Pan)头(Tou)”。北(Bei)方(Fang)地(Di)区(Qu)比(Bi)较(Jiao)常(Chang)见(Jian)。一(Yi)般(Ban)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)的(De)“盘(Pan)头(Tou)”常(Chang)见(Jian)的(De)有(You)5层(Ceng)和(He)6层(Ceng)。盘(Pan)头(Tou)包(Bao)括(Kuo):荷(He)叶(Ye)墩(Dun)、半(Ban)混(Hun)、炉(Lu)口(Kou)、枭(Zuo)、头(Tou)层(Ceng)盘(Pan)头(Tou)、二(Er)层(Ceng)盘(Pan)头(Tou)和(He)戗(Zuo)檐(Zuo)。仙(Xian)人(Ren)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)瓦(Wa)作(Zuo)屋(Wu)脊(Ji)艺(Yi)术(Shu)构(Gou)件(Jian),因(Yin)仙(Xian)人(Ren)骑(Qi)有(You)一(Yi)只(Zhi)鸡(Ji),故(Gu)又(You)有(You)“骑(Qi)鸡(Ji)仙(Xian)人(Ren)”之(Zhi)称(Cheng)。仙(Xian)人(Ren)是(Shi)清(Qing)官(Guan)式(Shi)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)屋(Wu)顶(Ding)檐(Zuo)角(Jiao)最(Zui)前(Qian)端(Duan)的(De)装(Zhuang)饰(Shi)构(Gou)件(Jian)。走(Zou)兽(Shou)古(Gu)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)瓦(Wa)作(Zuo)屋(Wu)脊(Ji)艺(Yi)术(Shu)构(Gou)件(Jian),《清(Qing)式(Shi)营(Ying)造(Zao)则(Ze)例(Li)》曰(Yue):“走(Zou)兽(Shou)”是(Shi)垂(Chui)脊(Ji)下(Xia)端(Duan)之(Zhi)雕(Diao)饰(Shi)”又(You)称(Cheng)“蹲(Dun)脊(Ji)兽(Shou)”,俗(Su)称(Cheng)“小(Xiao)跑(Pao)”、“小(Xiao)兽(Shou)”。“走(Zou)兽(Shou)”一(Yi)词(Ci)最(Zui)早(Zao)见(Jian)于(Yu)宋(Song)《营(Ying)造(Zao)法(Fa)式(Shi)》,清(Qing)式(Shi)沿(Yan)用(Yong),“走(Zou)兽(Shou)”处(Chu)在(Zai)仙(Xian)人(Ren)之(Zhi)后(Hou),依(Yi)次(Ci)排(Pai)序(Xu)为(Wei):龙(Long)、凤(Feng)、狮(Shi)子(Zi)、天(Tian)马(Ma)、海(Hai)马(Ma)、狻(Zuo)猊(Zuo)、押(Ya)鱼(Yu)、獬(Zuo)豸(Zuo)、斗(Dou)牛(Niu)、行(Xing)什(Shi)。因(Yin)“走(Zou)兽(Shou)”安(An)置(Zhi)在(Zai)垂(Chui)兽(Shou)或(Huo)戗(Zuo)兽(Shou)的(De)前(Qian)端(Duan),故(Gu)又(You)有(You)“兽(Shou)前(Qian)小(Xiao)跑(Pao)”之(Zhi)称(Cheng),安(An)置(Zhi)数(Shu)目(Mu)一(Yi)般(Ban)不(Bu)计(Ji)仙(Xian)人(Ren),仙(Xian)人(Ren)之(Zhi)后(Hou)大(Da)多(Duo)为(Wei)9个(Ge)。受(Shou)封(Feng)建(Jian)规(Gui)模(Mo)、建(Jian)筑(Zhu)形(Xing)制(Zhi)和(He)封(Feng)建(Jian)等(Deng)级(Ji)限(Xian)制(Zhi),数(Shu)目(Mu)由(You)最(Zui)多(Duo)的(De)10个(Ge),递(Di)减(Jian)为(Wei)1个(Ge),单(Dan)数(Shu)居(Ju)多(Duo)。只(Zhi)有(You)金(Jin)銮(Zuo)宝(Bao)殿(Dian)(太(Tai)和(He)殿(Dian))才(Cai)能(Neng)十(Shi)样(Yang)齐(Qi)全(Quan)。中(Zhong)和(He)殿(Dian)、保(Bao)和(He)殿(Dian)都(Du)是(Shi)九(Jiu)个(Ge)。其(Qi)它(Ta)殿(Dian)上(Shang)的(De)小(Xiao)兽(Shou)按(An)级(Ji)递(Di)减(Jian)。天(Tian)安(An)门(Men)上(Shang)也(Ye)是(Shi)九(Jiu)个(Ge)小(Xiao)兽(Shou)。 除(Chu)宫(Gong)殿(Dian)庙(Miao)宇(Yu)外(Wai)民(Min)宅(Zhai)不(Bu)得(De)安(An)兽(Shou)。

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