为什么我老公每次做爱都要舔我乳房冲真实医生回答-春雨...
数据显示，保时捷在中国市场的销量首次遇挫是在2022年，该年出现同比下滑2.5%的微跌；2023年，保时捷在中国的交付量同比下降15%，为79283辆。今年一季度，保时捷全球销量为77640辆，同比下降4%；但在中国市场仅交付16340辆车，同比下滑幅度高达24%。时至5月，保时捷中国销量同比下跌幅度已经高达40%，共卖出22292辆。
2024年12月21日，2024-07-08 19:09·光明网
为什么我老公每次做爱都要舔我乳房冲真实医生回答-春雨...
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随着美联储进入缄默期，外界只能从通过数据评估未来的政策预期。本周最大的焦点是6月零售销售月率，作为消费开支的重要组成，机构预测上月零售月率有望小幅加快至0.5%，表明进入盛夏，美国家庭消费趋势仍然健康。来源/“今日永胜”微信公众号
wohuanzaikaolv，yaobuyaobashiercundanfa，bianchengershisicundanne？zheyangjianchixialai，yinggaiyehuihenkuailedeba！2024-06-27 11:48·yongchejun
公(骋辞苍驳)开(碍补颈)信(齿颈苍)息(齿颈)显(齿颈补苍)示(厂丑颈)，拉(尝补)卡(碍补)拉(尝补)成(颁丑别苍驳)立(尝颈)于(驰耻)2005年(狈颈补苍)，作(窜耻辞)为(奥别颈)第(顿颈)叁(厂补苍)方(贵补苍驳)支(窜丑颈)付(贵耻)公(骋辞苍驳)司(厂颈)，其(蚕颈)定(顿颈苍驳)位(奥别颈)为(奥别颈)“商(厂丑补苍驳)户(贬耻)数(厂丑耻)字(窜颈)化(贬耻补)经(闯颈苍驳)营(驰颈苍驳)服(贵耻)务(奥耻)商(厂丑补苍驳)”。2011年(狈颈补苍)首(厂丑辞耻)批(笔颈)获(贬耻辞)得(顿别)支(窜丑颈)付(贵耻)牌(笔补颈)照(窜丑补辞)。2019年(狈颈补苍)4月(驰耻别)25日(搁颈)，拉(尝补)卡(碍补)拉(尝补)在(窜补颈)深(厂丑别苍)交(闯颈补辞)所(厂耻辞)成(颁丑别苍驳)功(骋辞苍驳)上(厂丑补苍驳)市(厂丑颈)，成(颁丑别苍驳)为(奥别颈)第(顿颈)一(驰颈)家(闯颈补)登(顿别苍驳)陆(尝耻)础股(骋耻)市(厂丑颈)场(颁丑补苍驳)的(顿别)第(顿颈)叁(厂补苍)方(贵补苍驳)支(窜丑颈)付(贵耻)企(蚕颈)业(驰别)。
迟补尘别苍蝉丑耻辞，蝉丑颈诲补辞濒耻蹿补蝉丑颈驳别颈濒颈补辞迟补尘别苍诲颈别谤肠颈蝉丑别苍驳尘颈苍驳，谤补苍驳迟补尘别苍锄丑辞苍驳虫颈苍测辞苍驳产补辞谤别苍蝉丑别苍驳诲别虫颈飞补苍驳。尘别颈诲耻测颈蹿别苍驳虫颈苍，诲补辞濒耻蹿补蝉丑颈诲别测补苍箩颈补辞箩颈耻蝉丑颈谤耻苍测颈蹿别苍。诲颈补苍测颈苍驳《蹿耻蹿耻诲别锄丑别苍驳》箩颈苍谤颈（9谤颈）虫耻补苍产耻诲颈苍驳诲补苍驳辩颈虫颈，箩耻诲别苍驳迟补锄丑耻补苍测别产补苍，箩颈苍苍颈补苍蝉丑耻辩颈诲补苍驳测颈测辞耻100产耻诲颈补苍测颈苍驳锄丑别苍驳蝉丑颈诲颈苍驳诲补苍驳！辫补苍诲颈补苍锄丑别苍驳锄补颈谤别测颈苍驳&诲补颈测颈苍驳锄丑辞苍驳诲颈补苍测颈苍驳辫颈补苍，锄丑别驳别蝉丑耻箩颈补苍颈丑耻颈飞别颈濒颈补辞苍补虫颈别诲颈补苍测颈苍驳锄辞耻箩颈苍测颈苍驳测耻补苍？
最(Zui)全(Quan)整(Zheng)理(Li)，你(Ni)有(You)必(Bi)要(Yao)掌(Zhang)握(Wo)的(De)采(Cai)购(Gou)与(Yu)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)常(Chang)用(Yong)术(Shu)语(Yu)大(Da)全(Quan)（收(Shou)藏(Cang)）原(Yuan)创(Chuang)2021-10-13 10:54·CPPM采(Cai)购(Gou)证(Zheng)书(Shu)报(Bao)名(Ming)中(Zhong)心(Xin)采(Cai)购(Gou)经(Jing)理(Li)人(Ren)必(Bi)读(Du)AVL - Approved Vendor List 认(Ren)可(Ke)供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)列(Lie)表(Biao)BOM- Bill of Material 物(Wu)料(Liao)清(Qing)单(Dan)MS - Material Specification 物(Wu)料(Liao)规(Gui)格(Ge)(如(Ru)材(Cai)料(Liao)纯(Chun)度(Du),主(Zhu)盐(Yan)浓(Nong)度(Du)等(Deng))TDS - Technical Data Sheet 技(Ji)术(Shu)应(Ying)用(Yong)信(Xin)息(Xi)MSDS- Material Safety Data Sheet 原(Yuan)料(Liao)安(An)全(Quan)信(Xin)息(Xi)MG - Material Grade 材(Cai)料(Liao)级(Ji)别(Bie)AR/CP/TG - 分(Fen)析(Xi)纯(Chun)/化(Hua)学(Xue)纯(Chun)/工(Gong)业(Ye)级(Ji)CIA - Cost Impact and Analysis 成(Cheng)本(Ben)影(Ying)响(Xiang)及(Ji)分(Fen)析(Xi)CO - Change Order 定(Ding)单(Dan)更(Geng)改(Gai)D/N - Delivery Note 收(Shou)货(Huo)单(Dan)LOA - Letter of Agreement 协(Xie)议(Yi)书(Shu)OPR - Outstanding PO Report 外(Wai)发(Fa)定(Ding)单(Dan)报(Bao)告(Gao)P/N - Part Number 物(Wu)料(Liao)编(Bian)码(Ma)PMC - Production and Material Control 物(Wu)料(Liao)生(Sheng)产(Chan)计(Ji)划(Hua)员(Yuan)MRO - Maintenance Repair & Operation Order 维(Wei)护(Hu)修(Xiu)理(Li)以(Yi)及(Ji)工(Gong)程(Cheng)定(Ding)单(Dan)PO - Purchase Order 采(Cai)购(Gou)定(Ding)单(Dan)PP - Purchase Price 采(Cai)购(Gou)价(Jia)格(Ge)PPV- Purchase Price Variance 采(Cai)购(Gou)价(Jia)格(Ge)差(Cha)异(Yi)PR - Purchase Requisition 采(Cai)购(Gou)申(Shen)请(Qing)单(Dan)QA - Quality Assurance 质(Zhi)量(Liang)保(Bao)证(Zheng)RFQ - Request for quotation 报(Bao)价(Jia)申(Shen)请(Qing)单(Dan)RTS - Return to Supplier 退(Tui)货(Huo)给(Gei)供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)TSE - Technical Service Engineer 技(Ji)术(Shu)服(Fu)务(Wu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)师(Shi)SDC - Supplier Delivery Commitment 供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)交(Jiao)期(Qi)承(Cheng)诺(Nuo)SOC - Supplier Order Confirmation 供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)定(Ding)单(Dan)确(Que)认(Ren)SOS - Supplier Ordering Strategy 供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)定(Ding)单(Dan)策(Ce)略(Lue)SQA - Supplier Quality Assurance 供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)SSP - Supplier Selection Process 供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)选(Xuan)择(Ze)程(Cheng)序(Xu)SSSQ- Supplier System Survey and Qualification 供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)系(Xi)统(Tong)调(Diao)查(Cha)与(Yu)认(Ren)证(Zheng)TCO - Total Cost of Ownership 总(Zong)所(Suo)有(You)权(Quan)成(Cheng)本(Ben)VMI - Vendor Management Inventory 供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)管(Guan)理(Li)库(Ku)存(Cun)T&C - Terms & Conditions 采(Cai)购(Gou)交(Jiao)易(Yi)达(Da)成(Cheng)条(Tiao)款(Kuan)PPA - Premium Purchasing Authorization 计(Ji)划(Hua)额(E)外(Wai)采(Cai)购(Gou)批(Pi)准(Zhun)ABC Classification ABC分(Fen)类(Lei)法(Fa)Activity-Based Costing 业(Ye)务(Wu)量(Liang)成(Cheng)本(Ben)法(Fa)/作(Zuo)业(Ye)成(Cheng)本(Ben)法(Fa)ACRS (Accelerated cost recovery system) 快(Kuai)速(Su)成(Cheng)本(Ben)回(Hui)收(Shou)制(Zhi)度(Du)Action Message 行(Xing)为(Wei)/措(Cuo)施(Shi)信(Xin)息(Xi)AIS (Accounting information system) 会(Hui)计(Ji)信(Xin)息(Xi)系(Xi)统(Tong)Allocation 已(Yi)分(Fen)配(Pei)量(Liang)Anticipated Delay Report 拖(Tuo)期(Qi)预(Yu)报(Bao)A/P (Accounts Payable) 应(Ying)付(Fu)帐(Zhang)款(Kuan)APICS (American Production &Inventory Control Society) 美(Mei)国(Guo)生(Sheng)产(Chan)及(Ji)库(Ku)存(Cun)控(Kong)制(Zhi)协(Xie)会(Hui)AQL (Acceptable quality Level) 可(Ke)接(Jie)受(Shou)质(Zhi)量(Liang)水(Shui)平(Ping)A/R (Accounts Receivable) 应(Ying)收(Shou)账(Zhang)款(Kuan)Automatic Rescheduling 自(Zi)动(Dong)重(Zhong)排(Pai)产(Chan)Available To Promise (APT) 可(Ke)签(Qian)约(Yue)量(Liang)Backflush 倒(Dao)冲(Chong)法(Fa)Backlog 未(Wei)完(Wan)成(Cheng)订(Ding)单(Dan)/未(Wei)结(Jie)订(Ding)单(Dan)Back Scheduling 倒(Dao)序(Xu)排(Pai)产(Chan)www.caigoubang.top采(Cai)购(Gou)帮(Bang)网(Wang)址(Zhi)BE analysis (Break-even analysis) 盈(Ying)亏(Kui)临(Lin)界(Jie)点(Dian)分(Fen)析(Xi)，保(Bao)本(Ben)分(Fen)析(Xi)Bill of Material (BOM) 物(Wu)料(Liao)清(Qing)单(Dan)Business Plan 经(Jing)营(Ying)规(Gui)划(Hua)B/V (Book value) 帐(Zhang)面(Mian)价(Jia)值(Zhi)Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP) 能(Neng)力(Li)需(Xu)求(Qiu)计(Ji)划(Hua)CBA (Cost-benefit analysis) 成(Cheng)本(Ben)效(Xiao)益(Yi)分(Fen)析(Xi)Closed Loop MRP 闭(Bi)环(Huan)物(Wu)料(Liao)需(Xu)求(Qiu)计(Ji)划(Hua)CPM (Critical path method) 关(Guan)键(Jian)路(Lu)线(Xian)法(Fa)CPP accounting (Constant purchasing power accounting) 不(Bu)变(Bian)购(Gou)买(Mai)力(Li)会(Hui)计(Ji)Cumulative Lead Time 累(Lei)计(Ji)提(Ti)前(Qian)期(Qi)C&F(cost&freight)成(Cheng)本(Ben)加(Jia)运(Yun)费(Fei)价(Jia)T/T(telegraphic transfer)电(Dian)汇(Hui)D/P(document against payment)付(Fu)款(Kuan)交(Jiao)单(Dan)D/A (document against acceptance)承(Cheng)兑(Dui)交(Jiao)单(Dan)C.O (certificate of origin)一(Yi)般(Ban)原(Yuan)产(Chan)地(Di)证(Zheng)Cycle Counting 周(Zhou)期(Qi)盘(Pan)点(Dian)Demand 需(Xu)求(Qiu)Demand Management 需(Xu)求(Qiu)管(Guan)理(Li)Demonstrated Capacity 实(Shi)际(Ji)能(Neng)力(Li)Dependent Demand 非(Fei)独(Du)立(Li)需(Xu)求(Qiu)DFL (Degree of financial leverage) 财(Cai)务(Wu)杠(Gang)杆(Gan)系(Xi)数(Shu)Direct-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing 直(Zhi)接(Jie)增(Zeng)减(Jian)库(Ku)存(Cun)法(Fa)Dispatch List 派(Pai)工(Gong)单(Dan)DOL (Degree of operating leverage) 经(Jing)营(Ying)杠(Gang)杆(Gan)系(Xi)数(Shu)ELS (Economic lot size) 经(Jing)济(Ji)批(Pi)量(Liang)EOQ (Economic order quantity) 经(Jing)济(Ji)订(Ding)货(Huo)批(Pi)量(Liang)&nbs;FIFO (Fist-in,Fist-out) 先(Xian)进(Jin)先(Xian)出(Chu)法(Fa)Firm Planned Order 确(Que)认(Ren)计(Ji)划(Hua)订(Ding)单(Dan)FISH/LIFO (Fist-in,Still-here) 后(Hou)进(Jin)先(Xian)出(Chu)法(Fa)Fixed Order Quantity 固(Gu)定(Ding)订(Ding)货(Huo)批(Pi)量(Liang)法(Fa)Flow Shop 流(Liu)水(Shui)车(Che)间(Jian)Focus Forecasting 集(Ji)中(Zhong)预(Yu)测(Ce)Full Pegging 完(Wan)全(Quan)跟(Gen)踪(Zong)Generally Accepted Manufacturing Practices 公(Gong)认(Ren)生(Sheng)产(Chan)管(Guan)理(Li)原(Yuan)则(Ze)Independent Demand 独(Du)立(Li)需(Xu)求(Qiu)Inpu/Output Control 投(Tou)入(Ru)/产(Chan)出(Chu)控(Kong)制(Zhi)Interplant Demand 厂(Chang)际(Ji)需(Xu)求(Qiu)Inventory Turnover 库(Ku)存(Cun)周(Zhou)转(Zhuan)次(Ci)数(Shu)Item 物(Wu)料(Liao)项(Xiang)目(Mu)Item Record 项(Xiang)目(Mu)记(Ji)录(Lu)Job Shop 加(Jia)工(Gong)车(Che)间(Jian)Just-in-time (JIT) 准(Zhun)时(Shi)制(Zhi)生(Sheng)产(Chan)Lead Time 提(Ti)前(Qian)期(Qi) 前(Qian)置(Zhi)期(Qi)，指(Zhi)订(Ding)单(Dan)从(Cong)收(Shou)到(Dao)具(Ju)体(Ti)明(Ming)细(Xi)到(Dao)货(Huo)到(Dao)货(Huo)仓(Cang)收(Shou)到(Dao)落(Luo)货(Huo)纸(Zhi)这(Zhe)一(Yi)段(Duan)时(Shi)间(Jian)，可(Ke)以(Yi)用(Yong)评(Ping)估(Gu)工(Gong)厂(Chang)的(De)综(Zong)合(He)实(Shi)力(Li)。Level 层(Ceng)Load 负(Fu)荷(He)Lot for Lot 按(An)需(Xu)订(Ding)货(Huo)法(Fa)LP (Linear programming) 线(Xian)性(Xing)规(Gui)划(Hua)Machine Loading 机(Ji)器(Qi)加(Jia)载(Zai)Make-to-order Product (MTO) 面(Mian)向(Xiang)订(Ding)单(Dan)生(Sheng)产(Chan)的(De)产(Chan)品(Pin)Make-to-stock Product (MTS) 面(Mian)向(Xiang)库(Ku)存(Cun)生(Sheng)产(Chan)产(Chan)品(Pin)Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) 制(Zhi)造(Zao)资(Zi)源(Yuan)计(Ji)划(Hua)Master Production Schedule (MPS) 主(Zhu)生(Sheng)产(Chan)计(Ji)划(Hua)Material Requirements Planning (MRP) 物(Wu)料(Liao)需(Xu)求(Qiu)计(Ji)划(Hua)MBO (Management by objective) 目(Mu)标(Biao)管(Guan)理(Li)Net Change MRP 净(Jing)改(Gai)变(Bian)式(Shi)物(Wu)料(Liao)需(Xu)求(Qiu)计(Ji)划(Hua)Net Requirements 净(Jing)需(Xu)求(Qiu)Oliver Wight MRP-II理(Li)论(Lun)的(De)创(Chuang)始(Shi)人(Ren)On-hand Balance 现(Xian)在(Zai)库(Ku)存(Cun)量(Liang)Open Order 未(Wei)结(Jie)订(Ding)单(Dan)/开(Kai)放(Fang)订(Ding)单(Dan)Order Entry 订(Ding)单(Dan)输(Shu)入(Ru)Order Promising 订(Ding)货(Huo)承(Cheng)诺(Nuo)Pegging 反(Fan)查(Cha)Picking 领(Ling)料(Liao)/提(Ti)货(Huo)Picking List 领(Ling)料(Liao)单(Dan)Planned Order 计(Ji)划(Hua)订(Ding)单(Dan)Post-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing (Backflush) 后(Hou)减(Jian)库(Ku)存(Cun)处(Chu)理(Li)法(Fa)/倒(Dao)冲(Chong)法(Fa)Pre-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing 前(Qian)减(Jian)库(Ku)存(Cun)处(Chu)理(Li)法(Fa)Production Planning 生(Sheng)产(Chan)规(Gui)划(Hua)编(Bian)制(Zhi)Projected Available Balance 预(Yu)计(Ji)可(Ke)用(Yong)库(Ku)存(Cun)Gueue 队(Dui)列(Lie)Gueue Time 排(Pai)队(Dui)时(Shi)间(Jian)Regeneration MRP 重(Zhong)生(Sheng)成(Cheng)式(Shi)物(Wu)料(Liao)需(Xu)求(Qiu)计(Ji)划(Hua)Rescheduling Assumption 重(Zhong)排(Pai)假(Jia)设(She)Resource Requirement Planning 资(Zi)源(Yuan)需(Xu)求(Qiu)计(Ji)划(Hua)Rough-cut Capacity Planning 粗(Cu)能(Neng)力(Li)计(Ji)划(Hua)Routing 工(Gong)艺(Yi)路(Lu)线(Xian)Safety Stock 安(An)全(Quan)库(Ku)存(Cun)Safety Time 保(Bao)险(Xian)期(Qi)Scheduled Receipt 预(Yu)计(Ji)入(Ru)库(Ku)量(Liang)Scrap Factor 残(Can)料(Liao)率(Lv)/废(Fei)品(Pin)系(Xi)数(Shu)Service Parts 维(Wei)修(Xiu)件(Jian)Shop Floor Control 车(Che)间(Jian)作(Zuo)业(Ye)管(Guan)理(Li)Shrinkage Factor 损(Sun)耗(Hao)系(Xi)数(Shu)Time Bucket 时(Shi)间(Jian)段(Duan)Tie Fence 世(Shi)界(Jie)VE (value engineering) 价(Jia)值(Zhi)工(Gong)程(Cheng)Vendor Scheduling 采(Cai)购(Gou)计(Ji)划(Hua)法(Fa)Work Center 工(Gong)作(Zuo)中(Zhong)心(Xin)Work in Process (WIP) 在(Zai)制(Zhi)品(Pin)ZBB (Zero based Budgeting) 零(Ling)基(Ji)预(Yu)算(Suan)Zero Inventories 零(Ling)库(Ku)存(Cun)Accounting Clerk --记(Ji)帐(Zhang)员(Yuan)Accounting Supervisor--会(Hui)计(Ji)主(Zhu)管(Guan)Administration Manager--行(Xing)政(Zheng)经(Jing)理(Li)Supervisor --监(Jian)管(Guan)员(Yuan)Bond Analyst --证(Zheng)券(Quan)分(Fen)析(Xi)员(Yuan)Fund Manager--财(Cai)务(Wu)经(Jing)理(Li)Assistant Manager --副(Fu)经(Jing)理(Li)payment支(Zhi)付(Fu)，付(Fu)款(Kuan)to pay付(Fu)款(Kuan)，支(Zhi)付(Fu)，偿(Chang)还(Huan)dishonour拒(Ju)付(Fu)deferred payment延(Yan)期(Qi)付(Fu)款(Kuan)progressive payment分(Fen)期(Qi)付(Fu)款(Kuan)payment on terms定(Ding)期(Qi)付(Fu)款(Kuan)payment agreement支(Zhi)付(Fu)协(Xie)定(Ding)pay order支(Zhi)付(Fu)凭(Ping)证(Zheng)payment order付(Fu)款(Kuan)通(Tong)知(Zhi)payment by banker银(Yin)行(Xing)支(Zhi)付(Fu)payment by remittance汇(Hui)拨(Bo)支(Zhi)付(Fu)payment in part部(Bu)分(Fen)付(Fu)款(Kuan)payment in full全(Quan)部(Bu)付(Fu)讫(Qi)clean payment单(Dan)纯(Chun)支(Zhi)付(Fu)simple payment单(Dan)纯(Chun)支(Zhi)付(Fu)payment by installment分(Fen)期(Qi)付(Fu)款(Kuan)payment respite延(Yan)期(Qi)付(Fu)款(Kuan)payment at maturity到(Dao)期(Qi)付(Fu)款(Kuan)payment in advance预(Yu)付(Fu)（货(Huo)款(Kuan)）Cash With Order (C.W.O)随(Sui)订(Ding)单(Dan)付(Fu)现(Xian)www.caigoubang.top采(Cai)购(Gou)帮(Bang)网(Wang)址(Zhi)Cash On Delivery (C.O.D)交(Jiao)货(Huo)付(Fu)现(Xian)discount贴(Tie)现(Xian)draft汇(Hui)票(Piao)Promisory Note本(Ben)票(Piao)cheque支(Zhi)票(Piao)clean bill光(Guang)票(Piao)documentary bill跟(Gen)单(Dan)汇(Hui)票(Piao)Sight Bill即(Ji)期(Qi)汇(Hui)票(Piao)Time Bill远(Yuan)期(Qi)汇(Hui)票(Piao)Usance Bill远(Yuan)期(Qi)汇(Hui)票(Piao)Commercial Bill商(Shang)业(Ye)汇(Hui)票(Piao)Banker""s Bill银(Yin)行(Xing)汇(Hui)票(Piao)Transferable L/C 可(Ke)转(Zhuan)让(Rang)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)Untransferable L/C 不(Bu)可(Ke)转(Zhuan)让(Rang)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)Revolving L/C 循(Xun)环(Huan)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)Reciprocal L/C 对(Dui)开(Kai)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)Back to Back L/C 背(Bei)对(Dui)背(Bei)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)Countervailing credit （俗(Su)称(Cheng)）子(Zi)证(Zheng)Overriding credit 母(Mu)证(Zheng)Banker""s Acceptance L/C 银(Yin)行(Xing)承(Cheng)兑(Dui)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)Trade Acceptance L/C 商(Shang)业(Ye)承(Cheng)兑(Dui)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)Red Clause L/C 红(Hong)条(Tiao)款(Kuan)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)Anticipatory L/C 预(Yu)支(Zhi)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)Credit payable by a trader 商(Shang)业(Ye)付(Fu)款(Kuan)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)Credit payable by a bank 银(Yin)行(Xing)付(Fu)款(Kuan)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)usance credit payment at sight 假(Jia)远(Yuan)期(Qi)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits 跟(Gen)单(Dan)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)统(Tong)一(Yi)惯(Guan)例(Li)I.C.C. Publication No.400 第(Di)400号(Hao)出(Chu)版(Ban)物(Wu)Credit with T/T Reimbursement Clause 带(Dai)有(You)电(Dian)报(Bao)索(Suo)汇(Hui)条(Tiao)款(Kuan)的(De)信(Xin)用(Yong)证(Zheng)method of reimbursement 索(Suo)汇(Hui)方(Fang)法(Fa)without recourse 不(Bu)受(Shou)追(Zhui)索(Suo)Opening Bank"" Name & Signature 开(Kai)证(Zheng)行(Xing)名(Ming)称(Cheng)及(Ji)签(Qian)字(Zi)beneficiary 受(Shou)益(Yi)人(Ren)guarantor 保(Bao)证(Zheng)人(Ren)Exporter""s Bank 出(Chu)口(Kou)方(Fang)银(Yin)行(Xing)Importer""s Bank 进(Jin)口(Kou)方(Fang)银(Yin)行(Xing)Seller""s Bank 卖(Mai)方(Fang)银(Yin)行(Xing)Buyer""s Bank 买(Mai)方(Fang)银(Yin)行(Xing)Paying Bank 付(Fu)款(Kuan)行(Xing)，汇(Hui)入(Ru)行(Xing)Remitting Bank 汇(Hui)出(Chu)行(Xing)Opening Bank 开(Kai)证(Zheng)行(Xing)Issuing Bank 开(Kai)证(Zheng)行(Xing)Advising Bank 通(Tong)知(Zhi)行(Xing)Notifying Bank 通(Tong)知(Zhi)行(Xing)Negotiating Bank 议(Yi)付(Fu)行(Xing)Drawee Bank 付(Fu)款(Kuan)行(Xing)Confirming Bank 保(Bao)兑(Dui)行(Xing)Presenting Bank 提(Ti)示(Shi)行(Xing)Transmitting Bank 转(Zhuan)递(Di)行(Xing)Accepting Bank 承(Cheng)兑(Dui)行(Xing)Additional Words and Phrases pay bearer 付(Fu)给(Gei)某(Mou)人(Ren)bearer 来(Lai)人(Ren)payer 付(Fu)款(Kuan)人(Ren)consignor 委(Wei)托(Tuo)人(Ren)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)术(Shu)语(Yu)大(Da)全(Quan)1、activity-based costing（ABC）基(Ji)于(Yu)活(Huo)动(Dong)的(De)成(Cheng)本(Ben)计(Ji)算(Suan)。一(Yi)种(Zhong)成(Cheng)本(Ben)计(Ji)算(Suan)技(Ji)术(Shu)，把(Ba)简(Jian)介(Jie)成(Cheng)本(Ben)细(Xi)分(Fen)到(Dao)每(Mei)一(Yi)个(Ge)生(Sheng)产(Chan)活(Huo)动(Dong)中(Zhong)，是(Shi)简(Jian)介(Jie)成(Cheng)本(Ben)和(He)直(Zhi)接(Jie)成(Cheng)本(Ben)相(Xiang)互(Hu)对(Dui)应(Ying)以(Yi)更(Geng)好(Hao)的(De)评(Ping)估(Gu)生(Sheng)成(Cheng)每(Mei)一(Yi)个(Ge)产(Chan)品(Pin)的(De)真(Zhen)实(Shi)成(Cheng)本(Ben)。2、advance shipping notice（ASN）预(Yu)先(Xian)运(Yun)送(Song)通(Tong)知(Zhi)。供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)向(Xiang)客(Ke)户(Hu)发(Fa)出(Chu)的(De)，说(Shuo)明(Ming)订(Ding)单(Dan)发(Fa)运(Yun)时(Shi)间(Jian)的(De)文(Wen)书(Shu)。ASNs通(Tong)常(Chang)以(Yi)电(Dian)子(Zi)方(Fang)式(Shi)传(Chuan)输(Shu)。3、advanced planning and scheduling system（APS）高(Gao)级(Ji)计(Ji)划(Hua)与(Yu)排(Pai)程(Cheng)系(Xi)统(Tong)。一(Yi)系(Xi)列(Lie)高(Gao)级(Ji)应(Ying)用(Yong)然(Ran)间(Jian)，运(Yun)用(Yong)数(Shu)学(Xue)模(Mo)型(Xing)和(He)相(Xiang)关(Guan)的(De)技(Ji)术(Shu)为(Wei)复(Fu)杂(Za)的(De)生(Sheng)产(Chan)和(He)供(Gong)应(Ying)问(Wen)题(Ti)找(Zhao)出(Chu)优(You)化(Hua)解(Jie)决(Jue)方(Fang)案(An)。4、aggregate forecast综(Zong)合(He)预(Yu)测(Ce)。一(Yi)种(Zhong)根(Gen)据(Ju)产(Chan)品(Pin)或(Huo)客(Ke)户(Hu)资(Zi)料(Liao)的(De)同(Tong)类(Lei)特(Te)性(Xing)把(Ba)他(Ta)们(Men)归(Gui)类(Lei)而(Er)达(Da)成(Cheng)的(De)综(Zong)合(He)预(Yu)测(Ce)方(Fang)案(An)5、Aggregation集(Ji)合(He)。把(Ba)相(Xiang)近(Jin)的(De)产(Chan)品(Pin)或(Huo)顾(Gu)客(Ke)归(Gui)类(Lei)聚(Ju)合(He)，以(Yi)简(Jian)化(Hua)计(Ji)划(Hua)的(De)制(Zhi)定(Ding)，并(Bing)取(Qu)得(De)更(Geng)稳(Wen)定(Ding)的(De)预(Yu)测(Ce)结(Jie)果(Guo)的(De)方(Fang)法(Fa)6、assemble-to-order strategy订(Ding)单(Dan)组(Zu)装(Zhuang)策(Ce)略(Lue)。一(Yi)种(Zhong)将(Jiang)产(Chan)品(Pin)部(Bu)件(Jian)在(Zai)需(Xu)求(Qiu)之(Zhi)前(Qian)提(Ti)前(Qian)完(Wan)成(Cheng)，把(Ba)最(Zui)后(Hou)组(Zu)装(Zhuang)工(Gong)作(Zuo)延(Yan)迟(Chi)到(Dao)需(Xu)求(Qiu)落(Luo)实(Shi)后(Hou)才(Cai)进(Jin)行(Xing)的(De)库(Ku)存(Cun)策(Ce)略(Lue)7、available to promise（ATP）有(You)效(Xiao)承(Cheng)诺(Nuo)。产(Chan)品(Pin)库(Ku)存(Cun)状(Zhuang)况(Kuang)的(De)一(Yi)种(Zhong)，指(Zhi)有(You)足(Zu)够(Gou)的(De)库(Ku)存(Cun)并(Bing)能(Neng)够(Gou)马(Ma)上(Shang)发(Fa)货(Huo)的(De)订(Ding)单(Dan)执(Zhi)行(Xing)能(Neng)力(Li)。8、back scheduling逆(Ni)向(Xiang)排(Pai)程(Cheng)。一(Yi)种(Zhong)工(Gong)作(Zuo)排(Pai)程(Cheng)方(Fang)法(Fa)，从(Cong)计(Ji)划(Hua)完(Wan)成(Cheng)的(De)日(Ri)期(Qi)开(Kai)始(Shi)，将(Jiang)需(Xu)要(Yao)执(Zhi)行(Xing)的(De)工(Gong)作(Zuo)任(Ren)务(Wu)按(An)由(You)后(Hou)向(Xiang)前(Qian)逆(Ni)推(Tui)的(De)顺(Shun)序(Xu)来(Lai)进(Jin)行(Xing)工(Gong)作(Zuo)计(Ji)划(Hua)安(An)排(Pai)。9、Backhaul回(Hui)程(Cheng)运(Yun)输(Shu)。指(Zhi)车(Che)辆(Liang)回(Hui)程(Cheng)运(Yun)载(Zai)的(De)货(Huo)物(Wu)，以(Yi)充(Chong)分(Fen)地(Di)利(Li)用(Yong)返(Fan)程(Cheng)的(De)货(Huo)运(Yun)能(Neng)力(Li)。10、bill of lading装(Zhuang)货(Huo)单(Dan)。发(Fa)货(Huo)文(Wen)件(Jian)，它(Ta)列(Lie)出(Chu)了(Liao)这(Zhe)批(Pi)货(Huo)物(Wu)中(Zhong)所(Suo)装(Zhuang)在(Zai)的(De)具(Ju)体(Ti)产(Chan)品(Pin)，并(Bing)且(Qie)陈(Chen)述(Shu)了(Liao)运(Yun)输(Shu)的(De)条(Tiao)件(Jian)。11、bill of materials（BOM）材(Cai)料(Liao)清(Qing)单(Dan)。一(Yi)份(Fen)列(Lie)出(Chu)组(Zu)成(Cheng)产(Chan)品(Pin)所(Suo)需(Xu)要(Yao)的(De)零(Ling)配(Pei)件(Jian)和(He)原(Yuan)料(Liao)的(De)清(Qing)单(Dan)，并(Bing)且(Qie)按(An)照(Zhao)产(Chan)品(Pin)的(De)零(Ling)件(Jian)、组(Zu)件(Jian)和(He)中(Zhong)间(Jian)件(Jian)的(De)形(Xing)成(Cheng)构(Gou)成(Cheng)等(Deng)级(Ji)结(Jie)构(Gou)。12、bill of operations（BOO）作(Zuo)业(Ye)列(Lie)表(Biao)。一(Yi)个(Ge)列(Lie)表(Biao)，列(Lie)出(Chu)完(Wan)成(Cheng)一(Yi)种(Zhong)产(Chan)品(Pin)生(Sheng)产(Chan)所(Suo)需(Xu)要(Yao)的(De)作(Zuo)业(Ye)步(Bu)骤(Zhou)，并(Bing)且(Qie)按(An)照(Zhao)各(Ge)个(Ge)步(Bu)骤(Zhou)执(Zhi)行(Xing)的(De)顺(Shun)序(Xu)形(Xing)成(Cheng)一(Yi)个(Ge)等(Deng)级(Ji)的(De)结(Jie)构(Gou)图(Tu)。13、bullwhip effect牛(Niu)鞭(Bian)效(Xiao)应(Ying)。需(Xu)求(Qiu)的(De)波(Bo)动(Dong)逐(Zhu)渐(Jian)被(Bei)增(Zeng)大(Da)的(De)一(Yi)个(Ge)代(Dai)名(Ming)词(Ci)。14、capable to promise（CTP）可(Ke)行(Xing)的(De)承(Cheng)诺(Nuo)。产(Chan)品(Pin)库(Ku)存(Cun)状(Zhuang)况(Kuang)的(De)一(Yi)种(Zhong)，指(Zhi)当(Dang)前(Qian)没(Mei)有(You)足(Zu)够(Gou)现(Xian)存(Cun)的(De)库(Ku)存(Cun)，但(Dan)可(Ke)以(Yi)在(Zai)所(Suo)要(Yao)求(Qiu)的(De)时(Shi)间(Jian)内(Nei)生(Sheng)产(Chan)出(Chu)来(Lai)并(Bing)满(Man)足(Zu)需(Xu)求(Qiu)的(De)订(Ding)单(Dan)执(Zhi)行(Xing)能(Neng)力(Li)。15、Carrier货(Huo)运(Yun)商(Shang)。专(Zhuan)门(Men)从(Cong)事(Shi)货(Huo)物(Wu)运(Yun)输(Shu)的(De)公(Gong)司(Si)16、carrying cost持(Chi)有(You)成(Cheng)本(Ben)。维(Wei)持(Chi)库(Ku)存(Cun)所(Suo)需(Xu)的(De)费(Fei)用(Yong)，订(Ding)购(Gou)成(Cheng)本(Ben)的(De)组(Zu)成(Cheng)部(Bu)分(Fen)，随(Sui)订(Ding)购(Gou)批(Pi)量(Liang)的(De)增(Zeng)大(Da)而(Er)增(Zeng)加(Jia)。如(Ru)此(Ci)命(Ming)名(Ming)是(Shi)因(Yin)为(Wei)多(Duo)数(Shu)的(De)库(Ku)存(Cun)变(Bian)动(Dong)成(Cheng)本(Ben)是(Shi)来(Lai)自(Zi)维(Wei)持(Chi)库(Ku)存(Cun)所(Suo)需(Xu)的(De)费(Fei)用(Yong)。亦(Yi)可(Ke)称(Cheng)为(Wei)库(Ku)存(Cun)维(Wei)持(Chi)成(Cheng)本(Ben)。17、cash-to-cash time现(Xian)金(Jin)周(Zhou)转(Zhuan)时(Shi)间(Jian)。一(Yi)个(Ge)测(Ce)量(Liang)现(Xian)金(Jin)是(Shi)否(Fou)被(Bei)有(You)效(Xiao)利(Li)用(Yong)的(De)指(Zhi)标(Biao)。以(Yi)计(Ji)算(Suan)公(Gong)司(Si)从(Cong)为(Wei)获(Huo)得(De)原(Yuan)材(Cai)料(Liao)付(Fu)出(Chu)款(Kuan)项(Xiang)开(Kai)始(Shi)，至(Zhi)收(Shou)到(Dao)客(Ke)户(Hu)为(Wei)用(Yong)这(Zhe)些(Xie)原(Yuan)材(Cai)料(Liao)支(Zhi)撑(Cheng)的(De)产(Chan)品(Pin)所(Suo)付(Fu)的(De)款(Kuan)项(Xiang)的(De)时(Shi)间(Jian)段(Duan)。18、category management分(Fen)类(Lei)管(Guan)理(Li)。按(An)照(Zhao)目(Mu)标(Biao)客(Ke)户(Hu)的(De)需(Xu)要(Yao)进(Jin)行(Xing)产(Chan)品(Pin)类(Lei)别(Bie)划(Hua)分(Fen)，并(Bing)分(Fen)别(Bie)加(Jia)以(Yi)库(Ku)存(Cun)管(Guan)理(Li)和(He)组(Zu)织(Zhi)促(Cu)销(Xiao)等(Deng)相(Xiang)关(Guan)活(Huo)动(Dong)的(De)管(Guan)理(Li)方(Fang)法(Fa)。19、collaborative planning，forecasting，and replenishment协(Xie)作(Zuo)计(Ji)划(Hua)、预(Yu)测(Ce)和(He)补(Bu)给(Gei)。一(Yi)种(Zhong)跨(Kua)行(Xing)业(Ye)、跨(Kua)企(Qi)业(Ye)进(Jin)行(Xing)协(Xie)同(Tong)管(Guan)理(Li)的(De)应(Ying)用(Yong)程(Cheng)序(Xu)，并(Bing)运(Yun)用(Yong)互(Hu)联(Lian)网(Wang)来(Lai)实(Shi)现(Xian)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)成(Cheng)员(Yuan)之(Zhi)间(Jian)的(De)合(He)作(Zuo)，提(Ti)高(Gao)物(Wu)流(Liu)的(De)预(Yu)测(Ce)、计(Ji)划(Hua)和(He)执(Zhi)行(Xing)。20、Consignment寄(Ji)售(Shou)。一(Yi)种(Zhong)库(Ku)存(Cun)控(Kong)制(Zhi)方(Fang)法(Fa)，在(Zai)商(Shang)品(Pin)售(Shou)出(Chu)以(Yi)前(Qian)，客(Ke)户(Hu)节(Jie)点(Dian)的(De)库(Ku)存(Cun)所(Suo)有(You)权(Quan)仍(Reng)归(Gui)供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)所(Suo)有(You)，供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)负(Fu)责(Ze)监(Jian)控(Kong)库(Ku)存(Cun)水(Shui)平(Ping)，在(Zai)需(Xu)要(Yao)时(Shi)补(Bu)货(Huo)。21、Consumer消(Xiao)费(Fei)者(Zhe)。客(Ke)户(Hu)的(De)一(Yi)种(Zhong)，是(Shi)指(Zhi)个(Ge)人(Ren)或(Huo)机(Ji)构(Gou)获(Huo)得(De)产(Chan)品(Pin)的(De)目(Mu)的(De)是(Shi)为(Wei)了(Liao)得(De)到(Dao)产(Chan)品(Pin)的(De)使(Shi)用(Yong)价(Jia)值(Zhi)而(Er)不(Bu)是(Shi)为(Wei)了(Liao)转(Zhuan)售(Shou)。22、continuous replenishment连(Lian)续(Xu)库(Ku)存(Cun)补(Bu)充(Chong)方(Fang)法(Fa)。快(Kuai)速(Su)响(Xiang)应(Ying)方(Fang)法(Fa)的(De)进(Jin)一(Yi)步(Bu)延(Yan)伸(Shen)，使(Shi)供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)补(Bu)货(Huo)的(De)范(Fan)围(Wei)扩(Kuo)大(Da)到(Dao)全(Quan)部(Bu)销(Xiao)售(Shou)商(Shang)品(Pin)，同(Tong)时(Shi)采(Cai)用(Yong)supplier forecasting和(He)vendor-managed inventory技(Ji)术(Shu)进(Jin)行(Xing)管(Guan)理(Li)。23、continuous review越(Yue)库(Ku)作(Zuo)业(Ye)。一(Yi)种(Zhong)库(Ku)存(Cun)补(Bu)货(Huo)策(Ce)略(Lue)，保(Bao)持(Chi)对(Dui)库(Ku)存(Cun)数(Shu)量(Liang)进(Jin)行(Xing)连(Lian)续(Xu)不(Bu)断(Duan)的(De)检(Jian)查(Cha)，当(Dang)库(Ku)存(Cun)数(Shu)量(Liang)低(Di)于(Yu)设(She)定(Ding)的(De)极(Ji)限(Xian)时(Shi)将(Jiang)进(Jin)行(Xing)下(Xia)一(Yi)个(Ge)订(Ding)单(Dan)的(De)订(Ding)货(Huo)，也(Ye)叫(Jiao)做(Zuo)订(Ding)货(Huo)点(Dian)方(Fang)法(Fa)。24、cross dock交(Jiao)叉(Cha)停(Ting)泊(Bo)区(Qu)。专(Zhuan)用(Yong)的(De)仓(Cang)库(Ku)设(She)施(Shi)或(Huo)配(Pei)送(Song)中(Zhong)心(Xin)的(De)专(Zhuan)用(Yong)区(Qu)域(Yu)，用(Yong)于(Yu)进(Jin)行(Xing)cross docking的(De)作(Zuo)业(Ye)，货(Huo)物(Wu)在(Zai)交(Jiao)叉(Cha)停(Ting)泊(Bo)区(Qu)的(De)停(Ting)留(Liu)时(Shi)间(Jian)通(Tong)常(Chang)不(Bu)超(Chao)过(Guo)24小(Xiao)时(Shi)。25、cross docking交(Jiao)叉(Cha)停(Ting)泊(Bo)。库(Ku)存(Cun)管(Guan)理(Li)的(De)一(Yi)种(Zhong)方(Fang)法(Fa)或(Huo)物(Wu)流(Liu)的(De)一(Yi)种(Zhong)运(Yun)作(Zuo)方(Fang)式(Shi)，运(Yun)用(Yong)交(Jiao)叉(Cha)停(Ting)泊(Bo)区(Qu)或(Huo)配(Pei)送(Song)中(Zhong)心(Xin)，将(Jiang)从(Cong)供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)送(Song)往(Wang)客(Ke)户(Hu)的(De)货(Huo)物(Wu)在(Zai)形(Xing)成(Cheng)的(De)途(Tu)中(Zhong)进(Jin)行(Xing)再(Zai)分(Fen)配(Pei)，使(Shi)每(Mei)一(Yi)辆(Liang)货(Huo)车(Che)在(Zai)整(Zheng)个(Ge)运(Yun)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)保(Bao)持(Chi)满(Man)载(Zai)。货(Huo)物(Wu)直(Zhi)接(Jie)地(Di)从(Cong)收(Shou)货(Huo)区(Qu)送(Song)往(Wang)发(Fa)货(Huo)区(Qu)，不(Bu)做(Zuo)任(Ren)何(He)的(De)过(Guo)的(De)储(Chu)存(Cun)。26、Customer客(Ke)户(Hu)。在(Zai)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)的(De)交(Jiao)易(Yi)中(Zhong)，购(Gou)买(Mai)产(Chan)品(Pin)或(Huo)服(Fu)务(Wu)的(De)个(Ge)人(Ren)或(Huo)机(Ji)构(Gou)。这(Zhe)个(Ge)属(Shu)于(Yu)在(Zai)商(Shang)业(Ye)文(Wen)献(Xian)中(Zhong)的(De)使(Shi)用(Yong)时(Shi)不(Bu)一(Yi)致(Zhi)的(De)，这(Zhe)导(Dao)致(Zhi)毫(Hao)无(Wu)意(Yi)义(Yi)的(De)关(Guan)于(Yu)谁(Shui)是(Shi)“真(Zhen)正(Zheng)的(De)”的(De)客(Ke)户(Hu)的(De)争(Zheng)论(Lun)。我(Wo)们(Men)把(Ba)这(Zhe)一(Yi)术(Shu)语(Yu)定(Ding)义(Yi)为(Wei)交(Jiao)易(Yi)中(Zhong)的(De)一(Yi)个(Ge)角(Jiao)色(Se)，它(Ta)适(Shi)应(Ying)于(Yu)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)上(Shang)的(De)任(Ren)何(He)一(Yi)方(Fang)。由(You)此(Ci)可(Ke)见(Jian)，最(Zui)终(Zhong)的(De)客(Ke)户(Hu)是(Shi)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)终(Zhong)端(Duan)的(De)消(Xiao)费(Fei)者(Zhe)。27、customer schedule客(Ke)户(Hu)进(Jin)度(Du)表(Biao)。一(Yi)种(Zhong)特(Te)殊(Shu)的(De)格(Ge)式(Shi)适(Shi)用(Yong)于(Yu)当(Dang)一(Yi)张(Zhang)订(Ding)单(Dan)跨(Kua)越(Yue)多(Duo)批(Pi)货(Huo)物(Wu)，而(Er)每(Mei)一(Yi)批(Pi)货(Huo)物(Wu)包(Bao)含(Han)多(Duo)个(Ge)产(Chan)品(Pin)种(Zhong)类(Lei)时(Shi)，按(An)照(Zhao)货(Huo)物(Wu)的(De)交(Jiao)货(Huo)日(Ri)期(Qi)进(Jin)行(Xing)归(Gui)类(Lei)的(De)客(Ke)户(Hu)服(Fu)务(Wu)进(Jin)度(Du)表(Biao)。28、customer service level（CSL）客(Ke)户(Hu)服(Fu)务(Wu)水(Shui)平(Ping)。为(Wei)一(Yi)个(Ge)特(Te)定(Ding)区(Qu)域(Yu)或(Huo)产(Chan)品(Pin)定(Ding)下(Xia)的(De)供(Gong)货(Huo)能(Neng)力(Li)的(De)目(Mu)标(Biao)水(Shui)平(Ping)。服(Fu)务(Wu)水(Shui)平(Ping)可(Ke)以(Yi)用(Yong)很(Hen)多(Duo)种(Zhong)方(Fang)式(Shi)来(Lai)衡(Heng)量(Liang)，包(Bao)括(Kuo)供(Gong)货(Huo)天(Tian)数(Shu)、订(Ding)单(Dan)完(Wan)成(Cheng)比(Bi)例(Li)等(Deng)等(Deng)。29、cycle stock周(Zhou)转(Zhuan)库(Ku)存(Cun)。支(Zhi)持(Chi)工(Gong)厂(Chang)运(Yun)作(Zuo)所(Suo)必(Bi)须(Xu)的(De)库(Ku)存(Cun)总(Zong)量(Liang)，不(Bu)包(Bao)括(Kuo)任(Ren)何(He)用(Yong)以(Yi)填(Tian)补(Bu)意(Yi)外(Wai)发(Fa)生(Sheng)的(De)储(Chu)备(Bei)。30、cycle time周(Zhou)转(Zhuan)时(Shi)间(Jian)。这(Zhe)个(Ge)术(Shu)语(Yu)涵(Han)义(Yi)即(Ji)用(Yong)来(Lai)表(Biao)示(Shi)（a）完(Wan)成(Cheng)一(Yi)个(Ge)不(Bu)停(Ting)的(De)循(Xun)环(Huan)流(Liu)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)的(De)一(Yi)个(Ge)过(Guo)程(Cheng)的(De)时(Shi)间(Jian)间(Jian)隔(Ge)，就(Jiu)像(Xiang)一(Yi)条(Tiao)装(Zhuang)配(Pei)线(Xian)上(Shang)的(De)循(Xun)环(Huan)时(Shi)间(Jian)，亦(Yi)表(Biao)示(Shi)（b）一(Yi)个(Ge)业(Ye)务(Wu)运(Yun)作(Zuo)过(Guo)程(Cheng)的(De)持(Chi)续(Xu)时(Shi)间(Jian)。31、days on hand库(Ku)存(Cun)持(Chi)有(You)天(Tian)数(Shu)。库(Ku)存(Cun)水(Shui)平(Ping)的(De)度(Du)量(Liang)标(Biao)准(Zhun)，等(Deng)于(Yu)现(Xian)有(You)库(Ku)存(Cun)数(Shu)量(Liang)除(Chu)以(Yi)平(Ping)均(Jun)每(Mei)日(Ri)库(Ku)存(Cun)消(Xiao)耗(Hao)量(Liang)。32、delayed differentiation差(Cha)异(Yi)（化(Hua)）延(Yan)迟(Chi)方(Fang)法(Fa)。一(Yi)种(Zhong)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)管(Guan)理(Li)方(Fang)法(Fa)，即(Ji)尽(Jin)可(Ke)能(Neng)的(De)保(Bao)留(Liu)和(He)共(Gong)享(Xiang)产(Chan)品(Pin)的(De)普(Pu)通(Tong)特(Te)征(Zheng)，在(Zai)产(Chan)品(Pin)的(De)需(Xu)求(Qiu)确(Que)定(Ding)后(Hou)才(Cai)进(Jin)行(Xing)对(Dui)他(Ta)们(Men)的(De)不(Bu)同(Tong)的(De)加(Jia)工(Gong)、组(Zu)装(Zhuang)和(He)包(Bao)装(Zhuang)等(Deng)差(Cha)异(Yi)化(Hua)程(Cheng)序(Xu)33、demand amplification需(Xu)求(Qiu)放(Fang)大(Da)。当(Dang)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)向(Xiang)上(Shang)推(Tui)动(Dong)时(Shi)，需(Xu)求(Qiu)的(De)波(Bo)动(Dong)随(Sui)着(Zhuo)增(Zeng)加(Jia)的(De)趋(Qu)势(Shi)。通(Tong)常(Chang)乘(Cheng)坐(Zuo)牛(Niu)鞭(Bian)效(Xiao)应(Ying)。34、dependent demand相(Xiang)关(Guan)需(Xu)求(Qiu)。指(Zhi)需(Xu)求(Qiu)的(De)客(Ke)户(Hu)不(Bu)是(Shi)产(Chan)品(Pin)的(De)最(Zui)终(Zhong)消(Xiao)费(Fei)者(Zhe)。这(Zhe)样(Yang)命(Ming)名(Ming)是(Shi)因(Yin)为(Wei)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)需(Xu)求(Qiu)最(Zui)终(Zhong)取(Qu)决(Jue)于(Yu)最(Zui)终(Zhong)消(Xiao)费(Fei)者(Zhe)的(De)需(Xu)求(Qiu)。35、design for supply供(Gong)应(Ying)设(She)计(Ji)。在(Zai)设(She)计(Ji)（策(Ce)划(Hua)）一(Yi)种(Zhong)产(Chan)品(Pin)时(Shi)，采(Cai)用(Yong)能(Neng)够(Gou)使(Shi)产(Chan)品(Pin)更(Geng)加(Jia)符(Fu)合(He)供(Gong)应(Ying)需(Xu)要(Yao)的(De)产(Chan)品(Pin)制(Zhi)作(Zuo)技(Ji)术(Shu)技(Ji)术(Shu)和(He)工(Gong)艺(Yi)。36、direct shipment直(Zhi)接(Jie)发(Fa)运(Yun)。一(Yi)种(Zhong)配(Pei)送(Song)方(Fang)法(Fa)，运(Yun)用(Yong)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)方(Fang)法(Fa)，货(Huo)物(Wu)通(Tong)常(Chang)从(Cong)供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)的(De)仓(Cang)库(Ku)或(Huo)者(Zhe)配(Pei)送(Song)中(Zhong)心(Xin)直(Zhi)接(Jie)地(Di)运(Yun)送(Song)到(Dao)客(Ke)户(Hu)节(Jie)点(Dian)。37、distribution center（DC）配(Pei)送(Song)中(Zhong)心(Xin)。在(Zai)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)的(De)一(Yi)个(Ge)特(Te)定(Ding)阶(Jie)段(Duan)中(Zhong)，用(Yong)于(Yu)筹(Chou)备(Bei)、分(Fen)类(Lei)、组(Zu)合(He)、包(Bao)装(Zhuang)和(He)/或(Huo)暂(Zan)时(Shi)地(Di)储(Chu)存(Cun)货(Huo)物(Wu)的(De)设(She)施(Shi)。配(Pei)送(Song)中(Zhong)心(Xin)不(Bu)等(Deng)同(Tong)于(Yu)仓(Cang)库(Ku)的(De)关(Guan)键(Jian)在(Zai)于(Yu)它(Ta)主(Zhu)要(Yao)用(Yong)来(Lai)进(Jin)行(Xing)配(Pei)送(Song)而(Er)不(Bu)是(Shi)保(Bao)存(Cun)产(Chan)品(Pin)。38、distribution newwork配(Pei)送(Song)网(Wang)络(Luo)。一(Yi)系(Xi)列(Lie)的(De)设(She)施(Shi)和(He)运(Yun)输(Shu)网(Wang)络(Luo)，用(Yong)于(Yu)将(Jiang)产(Chan)品(Pin)从(Cong)生(Sheng)产(Chan)地(Di)发(Fa)送(Song)到(Dao)它(Ta)的(De)下(Xia)游(You)客(Ke)户(Hu)。39、dynamic forecasting动(Dong)态(Tai)预(Yu)测(Ce)。在(Zai)每(Mei)一(Yi)计(Ji)划(Hua)周(Zhou)期(Qi)的(De)期(Qi)末(Mo)，结(Jie)合(He)实(Shi)际(Ji)发(Fa)生(Sheng)的(De)数(Shu)据(Ju)对(Dui)预(Yu)测(Ce)目(Mu)标(Biao)进(Jin)行(Xing)修(Xiu)订(Ding)的(De)一(Yi)种(Zhong)。40、Echelon阶(Jie)梯(Ti)。在(Zai)一(Yi)个(Ge)配(Pei)送(Song)网(Wang)络(Luo)中(Zhong)，一(Yi)系(Xi)列(Lie)的(De)或(Huo)某(Mou)层(Ceng)次(Ci)的(De)设(She)施(Shi)，于(Yu)为(Wei)此(Ci)服(Fu)务(Wu)的(De)生(Sheng)产(Chan)设(She)施(Shi)相(Xiang)比(Bi)，功(Gong)能(Neng)性(Xing)相(Xiang)等(Deng)。比(Bi)较(Jiao)成(Cheng)功(Gong)网(Wang)络(Luo)中(Zhong)的(De)层(Ceng)次(Ci)。41、echelon inventory层(Ceng)级(Ji)库(Ku)存(Cun)。对(Dui)分(Fen)布(Bu)于(Yu)整(Zheng)个(Ge)配(Pei)送(Song)网(Wang)络(Luo)的(De)各(Ge)个(Ge)层(Ceng)级(Ji)的(De)库(Ku)存(Cun)实(Shi)施(Shi)全(Quan)面(Mian)、整(Zheng)合(He)的(De)监(Jian)控(Kong)。42、economic order quantity（EOQ）经(Jing)济(Ji)订(Ding)购(Gou)批(Pi)量(Liang)。库(Ku)存(Cun)订(Ding)购(Gou)批(Pi)量(Liang)的(De)计(Ji)算(Suan)方(Fang)法(Fa)，主(Zhu)要(Yao)把(Ba)订(Ding)购(Gou)成(Cheng)本(Ben)和(He)持(Chi)有(You)成(Cheng)本(Ben)的(De)对(Dui)立(Li)作(Zuo)用(Yong)纳(Na)入(Ru)分(Fen)析(Xi)并(Bing)得(De)出(Chu)最(Zui)小(Xiao)的(De)补(Bu)货(Huo)总(Zong)成(Cheng)本(Ben)。43、effective customer response有(You)效(Xiao)的(De)客(Ke)户(Hu)响(Xiang)应(Ying)。它(Ta)是(Shi)1992年(Nian)从(Cong)美(Mei)国(Guo)的(De)食(Shi)品(Pin)杂(Za)货(Huo)业(Ye)发(Fa)展(Zhan)起(Qi)来(Lai)的(De)一(Yi)种(Zhong)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)管(Guan)理(Li)战(Zhan)略(Lue)。结(Jie)合(He)快(Kuai)速(Su)补(Bu)货(Huo)策(Ce)略(Lue)和(He)category management /activity-based costing管(Guan)理(Li)技(Ji)术(Shu)的(De)应(Ying)用(Yong)并(Bing)得(De)到(Dao)不(Bu)断(Duan)的(De)发(Fa)展(Zhan)。44、effcient frontier效(Xiao)率(Lv)曲(Qu)线(Xian)。一(Yi)条(Tiao)用(Yong)来(Lai)描(Miao)述(Shu)在(Zai)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)上(Shang)成(Cheng)本(Ben)和(He)弹(Dan)性(Xing)的(De)最(Zui)佳(Jia)组(Zu)合(He)的(De)曲(Qu)线(Xian)。这(Zhe)一(Yi)曲(Qu)线(Xian)以(Yi)发(Fa)展(Zhan)成(Cheng)为(Wei)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)管(Guan)理(Li)学(Xue)的(De)基(Ji)本(Ben)方(Fang)法(Fa)并(Bing)得(De)到(Dao)广(Guang)泛(Fan)的(De)应(Ying)用(Yong)。45、electronic data interchange（EDI）电(Dian)子(Zi)数(Shu)据(Ju)交(Jiao)换(Huan)。采(Cai)用(Yong)约(Yue)定(Ding)的(De)数(Shu)据(Ju)传(Chuan)输(Shu)标(Biao)准(Zhun)和(He)格(Ge)式(Shi)，通(Tong)过(Guo)专(Zhuan)用(Yong)电(Dian)子(Zi)网(Wang)络(Luo)来(Lai)传(Chuan)输(Shu)的(De)一(Yi)系(Xi)列(Lie)有(You)关(Guan)需(Xu)求(Qiu)和(He)供(Gong)应(Ying)的(De)信(Xin)息(Xi)。46、enterprise resource planning system（ERP）企(Qi)业(Ye)资(Zi)源(Yuan)规(Gui)划(Hua)系(Xi)统(Tong)。企(Qi)业(Ye)内(Nei)部(Bu)运(Yun)作(Zuo)管(Guan)理(Li)系(Xi)统(Tong)，包(Bao)括(Kuo)订(Ding)单(Dan)管(Guan)理(Li)，库(Ku)存(Cun)控(Kong)制(Zhi)。财(Cai)务(Wu)等(Deng)企(Qi)业(Ye)级(Ji)的(De)运(Yun)作(Zuo)管(Guan)理(Li)，并(Bing)融(Rong)入(Ru)部(Bu)分(Fen)生(Sheng)产(Chan)规(Gui)划(Hua)和(He)配(Pei)送(Song)计(Ji)划(Hua)等(Deng)高(Gao)级(Ji)计(Ji)划(Hua)工(Gong)具(Ju)。47、external supply chain外(Wai)部(Bu)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)。跨(Kua)越(Yue)企(Qi)业(Ye)资(Zi)产(Chan)权(Quan)限(Xian)之(Zhi)外(Wai)的(De)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)部(Bu)分(Fen)。48、extrinsic factor外(Wai)在(Zai)因(Yin)素(Su)。影(Ying)响(Xiang)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)性(Xing)质(Zhi)（如(Ru)需(Xu)求(Qiu)）并(Bing)超(Chao)出(Chu)一(Yi)个(Ge)企(Qi)业(Ye)能(Neng)够(Gou)控(Kong)制(Zhi)的(De)范(Fan)围(Wei)的(De)外(Wai)部(Bu)因(Yin)素(Su)，注(Zhu)入(Ru)经(Jing)济(Ji)形(Xing)势(Shi)或(Huo)者(Zhe)竞(Jing)争(Zheng)对(Dui)手(Shou)的(De)行(Xing)动(Dong)。49、finished goods inventory产(Chan)成(Cheng)品(Pin)库(Ku)存(Cun)。已(Yi)完(Wan)成(Cheng)的(De)产(Chan)品(Pin)在(Zai)生(Sheng)产(Chan)设(She)施(Shi)输(Shu)出(Chu)端(Duan)的(De)存(Cun)储(Chu)。50、forecast horizon预(Yu)测(Ce)范(Fan)围(Wei)。在(Zai)预(Yu)测(Ce)中(Zhong)所(Suo)对(Dui)事(Shi)件(Jian)作(Zuo)出(Chu)预(Yu)测(Ce)的(De)时(Shi)间(Jian)范(Fan)围(Wei)51、forward buying提(Ti)前(Qian)购(Gou)买(Mai)。采(Cai)购(Gou)方(Fang)法(Fa)的(De)一(Yi)种(Zhong)，为(Wei)了(Liao)获(Huo)得(De)价(Jia)格(Ge)优(You)惠(Hui)或(Huo)防(Fang)止(Zhi)短(Duan)缺(Que)而(Er)提(Ti)前(Qian)购(Gou)买(Mai)的(De)方(Fang)法(Fa)。52、forward scheduling正(Zheng)向(Xiang)排(Pai)程(Cheng)。从(Cong)起(Qi)始(Shi)日(Ri)开(Kai)始(Shi)，来(Lai)源(Yuan)公(Gong)众(Zhong)号(Hao) 采(Cai)购(Gou)从(Cong)业(Ye)者(Zhe) 按(An)照(Zhao)计(Ji)划(Hua)的(De)执(Zhi)行(Xing)顺(Shun)序(Xu)将(Jiang)活(Huo)动(Dong)纳(Na)入(Ru)进(Jin)度(Du)表(Biao)的(De)一(Yi)种(Zhong)排(Pai)程(Cheng)的(De)方(Fang)法(Fa)。53、Fulfillment cycle订(Ding)单(Dan)履(Lv)行(Xing)循(Xun)环(Huan)过(Guo)程(Cheng)。在(Zai)订(Ding)单(Dan)履(Lv)行(Xing)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)，控(Kong)制(Zhi)订(Ding)单(Dan)流(Liu)动(Dong)、产(Chan)品(Pin)流(Liu)动(Dong)和(He)现(Xian)金(Jin)流(Liu)动(Dong)的(De)一(Yi)系(Xi)列(Lie)活(Huo)动(Dong)组(Zu)成(Cheng)的(De)一(Yi)个(Ge)循(Xun)环(Huan)过(Guo)程(Cheng)。54、Fulfillment lead time订(Ding)单(Dan)完(Wan)成(Cheng)时(Shi)间(Jian)。供(Gong)应(Ying)商(Shang)接(Jie)到(Dao)订(Ding)单(Dan)开(Kai)始(Shi)，到(Dao)顾(Gu)客(Ke)收(Shou)到(Dao)货(Huo)物(Wu)之(Zhi)间(Jian)的(De)时(Shi)间(Jian)间(Jian)隔(Ge)。55、holding cost持(Chi)有(You)成(Cheng)本(Ben)。参(Can)照(Zhao)carrying cost56、independent demand独(Du)立(Li)需(Xu)求(Qiu)。最(Zui)终(Zhong)消(Xiao)费(Fei)者(Zhe)的(De)产(Chan)品(Pin)需(Xu)求(Qiu)。如(Ru)此(Ci)命(Ming)名(Ming)，因(Yin)为(Wei)它(Ta)是(Shi)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)上(Shang)最(Zui)终(Zhong)的(De)需(Xu)求(Qiu)来(Lai)源(Yuan)，不(Bu)受(Shou)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)上(Shang)更(Geng)下(Xia)一(Yi)层(Ceng)次(Ci)的(De)需(Xu)求(Qiu)来(Lai)源(Yuan)的(De)影(Ying)响(Xiang)。57、internal supply chain内(Nei)部(Bu)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)。供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)上(Shang)一(Yi)个(Ge)企(Qi)业(Ye)完(Wan)全(Quan)拥(Yong)有(You)并(Bing)实(Shi)施(Shi)控(Kong)制(Zhi)的(De)部(Bu)分(Fen)。58、inventory turnover ratio库(Ku)存(Cun)周(Zhou)转(Zhuan)率(Lv)。库(Ku)存(Cun)周(Zhou)转(Zhuan)速(Su)度(Du)的(De)衡(Heng)量(Liang)指(Zhi)标(Biao)，等(Deng)于(Yu)产(Chan)品(Pin)的(De)年(Nian)销(Xiao)售(Shou)额(E)除(Chu)以(Yi)平(Ping)均(Jun)库(Ku)存(Cun)水(Shui)平(Ping)。59、inventory turns库(Ku)存(Cun)周(Zhou)转(Zhuan)。60、inventory velocity库(Ku)存(Cun)速(Su)率(Lv)。指(Zhi)库(Ku)存(Cun)在(Zai)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)上(Shang)的(De)移(Yi)动(Dong)速(Su)度(Du)。尽(Jin)管(Guan)这(Zhe)一(Yi)术(Shu)语(Yu)以(Yi)被(Bei)广(Guang)泛(Fan)使(Shi)用(Yong)，但(Dan)它(Ta)并(Bing)不(Bu)是(Shi)一(Yi)个(Ge)绩(Ji)效(Xiao)指(Zhi)标(Biao)，企(Qi)业(Ye)在(Zai)努(Nu)力(Li)提(Ti)高(Gao)库(Ku)存(Cun)速(Su)度(Du)时(Shi)，仍(Reng)然(Ran)沿(Yan)用(Yong)inventory turnover ratio和(He)days on hand的(De)传(Chuan)统(Tong)测(Ce)量(Liang)方(Fang)法(Fa)。61、make-to-order strategy面(Mian)向(Xiang)订(Ding)单(Dan)生(Sheng)产(Chan)策(Ce)略(Lue)。一(Yi)种(Zhong)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)策(Ce)略(Lue)，在(Zai)需(Xu)求(Qiu)预(Yu)测(Ce)的(De)基(Ji)础(Chu)上(Shang)进(Jin)行(Xing)生(Sheng)产(Chan)，形(Xing)成(Cheng)产(Chan)品(Pin)库(Ku)存(Cun)来(Lai)满(Man)足(Zu)未(Wei)来(Lai)的(De)需(Xu)求(Qiu)。62、mode of transportation运(Yun)输(Shu)模(Mo)式(Shi)。完(Wan)成(Cheng)产(Chan)品(Pin)在(Zai)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)节(Jie)点(Dian)上(Shang)移(Yi)动(Dong)的(De)运(Yun)输(Shu)途(Tu)径(Jing)，主(Zhu)要(Yao)包(Bao)括(Kuo)：卡(Ka)车(Che)、铁(Tie)路(Lu)、航(Hang)运(Yun)、航(Hang)空(Kong)和(He)管(Guan)道(Dao)。63、on-time delivery准(Zhun)时(Shi)交(Jiao)付(Fu)率(Lv)。一(Yi)个(Ge)检(Jian)测(Ce)订(Ding)单(Dan)履(Lv)行(Xing)效(Xiao)率(Lv)的(De)指(Zhi)标(Biao)，等(Deng)于(Yu)在(Zai)约(Yue)定(Ding)的(De)时(Shi)间(Jian)内(Nei)送(Song)达(Da)客(Ke)户(Hu)节(Jie)点(Dian)的(De)订(Ding)单(Dan)数(Shu)量(Liang)占(Zhan)总(Zong)订(Ding)单(Dan)数(Shu)量(Liang)的(De)百(Bai)分(Fen)比(Bi)。64、order cost订(Ding)购(Gou)成(Cheng)本(Ben)。发(Fa)出(Chu)一(Yi)个(Ge)订(Ding)单(Dan)的(De)固(Gu)定(Ding)成(Cheng)本(Ben)，忽(Hu)略(Lue)订(Ding)货(Huo)批(Pi)量(Liang)。65、order fill rate订(Ding)单(Dan)履(Lv)行(Xing)率(Lv)。能(Neng)够(Gou)按(An)要(Yao)求(Qiu)的(De)产(Chan)品(Pin)总(Zong)量(Liang)全(Quan)部(Bu)发(Fa)货(Huo)的(De)订(Ding)单(Dan)数(Shu)所(Suo)占(Zhan)总(Zong)订(Ding)单(Dan)数(Shu)的(De)百(Bai)分(Fen)比(Bi)。66、packing slip装(Zhuang)箱(Xiang)单(Dan)。附(Fu)随(Sui)运(Yun)输(Shu)货(Huo)物(Wu)的(De)文(Wen)件(Jian)，它(Ta)列(Lie)出(Chu)了(Liao)包(Bao)含(Han)在(Zai)这(Zhe)批(Pi)货(Huo)物(Wu)中(Zhong)的(De)物(Wu)品(Pin)，以(Yi)及(Ji)有(You)关(Guan)始(Shi)发(Fa)地(Di)、目(Mu)的(De)地(Di)和(He)运(Yun)输(Shu)模(Mo)式(Shi)等(Deng)信(Xin)息(Xi)。67、perfect order完(Wan)美(Mei)订(Ding)单(Dan)率(Lv)。订(Ding)单(Dan)履(Lv)行(Xing)效(Xiao)果(Guo)的(De)一(Yi)种(Zhong)测(Ce)量(Liang)指(Zhi)标(Biao)，指(Zhi)货(Huo)物(Wu)完(Wan)全(Quan)按(An)照(Zhao)要(Yao)求(Qiu)的(De)品(Pin)种(Zhong)和(He)数(Shu)量(Liang)、准(Zhun)时(Shi)、完(Wan)好(Hao)无(Wu)损(Sun)并(Bing)且(Qie)相(Xiang)关(Guan)的(De)文(Wen)字(Zi)纪(Ji)录(Lu)准(Zhun)确(Que)无(Wu)误(Wu)地(Di)被(Bei)送(Song)往(Wang)客(Ke)户(Hu)的(De)订(Ding)单(Dan)数(Shu)量(Liang)占(Zhan)总(Zong)订(Ding)单(Dan)的(De)百(Bai)分(Fen)比(Bi)。68、periodic review周(Zhou)期(Qi)性(Xing)复(Fu)查(Cha)。一(Yi)种(Zhong)库(Ku)存(Cun)补(Bu)货(Huo)措(Cuo)施(Shi)，固(Gu)定(Ding)的(De)周(Zhou)期(Qi)性(Xing)库(Ku)存(Cun)检(Jian)查(Cha)，并(Bing)且(Qie)根(Gen)据(Ju)当(Dang)时(Shi)的(De)检(Jian)查(Cha)结(Jie)果(Guo)参(Can)照(Zhao)设(She)定(Ding)的(De)库(Ku)存(Cun)界(Jie)限(Xian)作(Zuo)出(Chu)补(Bu)货(Huo)计(Ji)划(Hua)。69、point of sale systemPOS。记(Ji)录(Lu)客(Ke)户(Hu)节(Jie)点(Dian)上(Shang)销(Xiao)售(Shou)信(Xin)息(Xi)的(De)应(Ying)用(Yong)软(Ruan)件(Jian)，这(Zhe)里(Li)的(De)客(Ke)户(Hu)指(Zhi)的(De)是(Shi)他(Ta)们(Men)亲(Qin)自(Zi)到(Dao)达(Da)销(Xiao)售(Shou)点(Dian)并(Bing)直(Zhi)接(Jie)拥(Yong)有(You)他(Ta)们(Men)购(Gou)买(Mai)的(De)商(Shang)品(Pin)。70、positioning strategy目(Mu)标(Biao)定(Ding)位(Wei)策(Ce)略(Lue)。一(Yi)个(Ge)公(Gong)司(Si)用(Yong)以(Yi)区(Qu)分(Fen)自(Zi)己(Ji)和(He)竞(Jing)争(Zheng)对(Dui)手(Shou)的(De)主(Zhu)要(Yao)特(Te)性(Xing)的(De)战(Zhan)略(Lue)目(Mu)标(Biao)定(Ding)位(Wei)，包(Bao)括(Kuo)如(Ru)何(He)提(Ti)高(Gao)这(Zhe)些(Xie)特(Te)性(Xing)和(He)获(Huo)得(De)客(Ke)户(Hu)认(Ren)可(Ke)的(De)方(Fang)法(Fa)。在(Zai)制(Zhi)造(Zao)业(Ye)领(Ling)域(Yu)，最(Zui)为(Wei)普(Pu)遍(Bian)的(De)目(Mu)标(Biao)特(Te)性(Xing)是(Shi)产(Chan)品(Pin)质(Zhi)量(Liang)，服(Fu)务(Wu)质(Zhi)量(Liang)，和(He)价(Jia)格(Ge)。71、postponement延(Yan)迟(Chi)定(Ding)制(Zhi)。delayed differentiation的(De)一(Yi)个(Ge)替(Ti)换(Huan)的(De)术(Shu)语(Yu)。72、production facility生(Sheng)产(Chan)设(She)施(Shi)。产(Chan)品(Pin)制(Zhi)造(Zao)和(He)加(Jia)工(Gong)必(Bi)须(Xu)的(De)场(Chang)所(Suo)，包(Bao)括(Kuo)支(Zhi)持(Chi)生(Sheng)产(Chan)作(Zuo)业(Ye)的(De)原(Yuan)材(Cai)料(Liao)和(He)产(Chan)品(Pin)存(Cun)储(Chu)所(Suo)需(Xu)的(De)设(She)施(Shi)。73、pull chain拉(La)动(Dong)式(Shi)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)。在(Zai)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)管(Guan)理(Li)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)，每(Mei)个(Ge)环(Huan)节(Jie)的(De)库(Ku)存(Cun)的(De)生(Sheng)产(Chan)发(Fa)生(Sheng)在(Zai)需(Xu)求(Qiu)确(Que)定(Ding)以(Yi)后(Hou)，更(Geng)直(Zhi)观(Guan)地(Di)说(Shuo)，产(Chan)品(Pin)在(Zai)链(Lian)条(Tiao)上(Shang)是(Shi)被(Bei)订(Ding)单(Dan)往(Wang)下(Xia)拉(La)。74、push chain推(Tui)动(Dong)式(Shi)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)。在(Zai)供(Gong)应(Ying)链(Lian)管(Guan)理(Li)中(Zhong)，库(Ku)存(Cun)在(Zai)需(Xu)求(Qiu)之(Zhi)前(Qian)预(Yu)先(Xian)产(Chan)生(Sheng)，也(Ye)就(Jiu)是(Shi)说(Shuo)在(Zai)链(Lian)上(Shang)库(Ku)存(Cun)是(Shi)被(Bei)从(Cong)上(Shang)往(Wang)下(Xia)，朝(Chao)着(Zhuo)客(Ke)户(Hu)的(De)方(Fang)向(Xiang)推(Tui)动(Dong)。75、raw materials inventory原(Yuan)材(Cai)料(Liao)库(Ku)存(Cun)。用(Yong)于(Yu)生(Sheng)产(Chan)过(Guo)程(Cheng)所(Suo)需(Xu)要(Yao)的(De)原(Yuan)材(Cai)料(Liao)的(De)库(Ku)存(Cun)。76、reorder point（ROP）再(Zai)订(Ding)购(Gou)点(Dian)。库(Ku)存(Cun)水(Shui)平(Ping)点(Dian)，库(Ku)存(Cun)低(Di)于(Yu)这(Zhe)个(Ge)点(Dian)时(Shi)需(Xu)要(Yao)进(Jin)行(Xing)补(Bu)货(Huo)。77、Replenishment lead time补(Bu)货(Huo)循(Xun)环(Huan)过(Guo)程(Cheng)。主(Zhu)要(Yao)控(Kong)制(Zhi)：订(Ding)单(Dan)流(Liu)动(Dong)，产(Chan)品(Pin)流(Liu)动(Dong)，和(He)现(Xian)金(Jin)流(Liu)动(Dong)的(De)一(Yi)系(Xi)列(Lie)活(Huo)动(Dong)组(Zu)成(Cheng)的(De)一(Yi)个(Ge)补(Bu)货(Huo)过(Guo)程(Cheng)。78、replenishment policy补(Bu)货(Huo)规(Gui)则(Ze)。指(Zhi)一(Yi)个(Ge)公(Gong)司(Si)制(Zhi)定(Ding)关(Guan)于(Yu)何(He)时(Shi)补(Bu)充(Chong)库(Ku)存(Cun)，它(Ta)的(De)订(Ding)购(Gou)数(Shu)量(Liang)以(Yi)及(Ji)库(Ku)存(Cun)维(Wei)持(Chi)在(Zai)什(Shi)么(Me)水(Shui)平(Ping)等(Deng)一(Yi)系(Xi)列(Lie)的(De)规(Gui)则(Ze)。79、risk pooling风(Feng)险(Xian)共(Gong)担(Dan)。一(Yi)种(Zhong)库(Ku)存(Cun)管(Guan)理(Li)技(Ji)术(Shu)，把(Ba)多(Duo)个(Ge)实(Shi)体(Ti)分(Fen)开(Kai)的(De)库(Ku)存(Cun)在(Zai)逻(Luo)辑(Ji)上(Shang)合(He)并(Bing)为(Wei)一(Yi)个(Ge)库(Ku)存(Cun)，达(Da)到(Dao)降(Jiang)低(Di)用(Yong)于(Yu)应(Ying)对(Dui)需(Xu)求(Qiu)或(Huo)供(Gong)应(Ying)所(Suo)需(Xu)的(De)安(An)全(Quan)库(Ku)存(Cun)。
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来自北欧的沃尔沃它的名字几乎就是安全的同义词但在这份安心背后是其对发动机技术同样严格的追求沃尔沃的引擎不仅仅是为了驱动车辆更是在追求一种与自然和谐共生的理念其柴油发动机的低排放技术以及对新能源技术的积极探索让环保与性能不再是不可调和的矛盾驾驶一台沃尔沃就像是在告诉世界你选择了一条既豪华又负责的出行方式