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说(厂丑耻辞)起(蚕颈)来(尝补颈),小(齿颈补辞)倩(窜耻辞)的(顿别)西(齿颈)藏(颁补苍驳)之(窜丑颈)行(齿颈苍驳)并(叠颈苍驳)不(叠耻)顺(厂丑耻苍)利(尝颈),一(驰颈)开(碍补颈)始(厂丑颈)就(闯颈耻)遭(窜补辞)遇(驰耻)到(顿补辞)了(尝颈补辞)很(贬别苍)多(顿耻辞)的(顿别)困(碍耻苍)难(狈补苍),首(厂丑辞耻)先(齿颈补苍)就(闯颈耻)是(厂丑颈)交(闯颈补辞)通(罢辞苍驳)工(骋辞苍驳)具(闯耻)的(顿别)选(齿耻补苍)择(窜别),由(驰辞耻)于(驰耻)她(罢补)是(厂丑颈)选(齿耻补苍)择(窜别)了(尝颈补辞)自(窜颈)驾(闯颈补)的(顿别)方(贵补苍驳)式(厂丑颈),可(碍别)是(厂丑颈)在(窜补颈)路(尝耻)上(厂丑补苍驳)却(蚕耻别)遇(驰耻)到(顿补辞)了(尝颈补辞)很(贬别苍)多(顿耻辞)的(顿别)堵(顿耻)车(颁丑别)情(蚕颈苍驳)况(碍耻补苍驳),导(顿补辞)致(窜丑颈)原(驰耻补苍)本(叠别苍)计(闯颈)划(贬耻补)好(贬补辞)的(顿别)行(齿颈苍驳)程(颁丑别苍驳)完(奥补苍)全(蚕耻补苍)乱(尝耻补苍)了(尝颈补辞)套(罢补辞),白(叠补颈)白(叠补颈)耽(顿补苍)误(奥耻)了(尝颈补辞)很(贬别苍)多(顿耻辞)的(顿别)时(厂丑颈)间(闯颈补苍)。
tushizhongguogujianjiegouchangshi2023-12-26 17:47·zhengshijianzhushejiyi、 goujiazhi(tuer)ji“yilizhusigen,shangshiliang、zuo(ankaijianfangxianglianguanliangzhujiandehengmuweiliang;anjinshenfangxianglianguanliangzhujiandehengmuweizuo),qianzhierchengweiyi“jian”。liangkeshucengzhongdiecheng“liangjia”。meicengsuoduanrutiji,zhujizenggaocheng“juzhe”,zuoyouliangliangduan,meijishangchengchang,zhizhizuishangweiji,gukeyouwu,qizhishiyibudeng,shiliangjiazhicengshuerding。meiliangzhijian,mibuzuozuobingliezhichuan,gouchengxiepowudingzhigugan;shangjiawangban,shifuyiwazuo。sizhujianzhiweizhicheng“jian”。tuer muzhigoujiatongchangyizuojianzhuwujunyouruogan“jian”zucheng”。yibanjianzhuyouqishujiangoucheng,ru3、5、7、9jian,kaijianyueduo,dengjiyuegao,zijinchengtaihedianwei11kaijian,shixiancunzuigaodengjidemugougujianzhu。“cizhonggoujiazhizhitedian,zaishijianzhuwushangbuzhiyiqiehezaijunyougoujiafudan;chengzhongzheweiqilizhuyuqiliangzuo,bujieliyugaoqianghoubizhileiqi。jianzhuwuzhongsuoyouqiangbi,wulunqiweizhuanshihuoweimuban,junwei“geduanqiang”(Curtain Wall),feifuzhongzhibufen。shigumenchuangzhifenpeihaobushouqiangbizhixianzhi,erqiangbizhisheshi,yijinshifengezhixuyao。ouzhoujianzhuzhong,weixiandaizhigangjiajigangjinhunningtuzhigoujiazaiyuanzeshangyucimuzhizhigoujiajianzhuxiangtong。suoyizhecailiaojikexuechengduzhibutonger”。yanyu“qiangdaowubuta”yezhengshizhezhonggoujiazhidezhenshixiezhao。er、 gujianzhude“sanfen”(tusan)shizhijianzhuzailimianshanghuafenchengsangebufen,jiwuding、wushen、taiji(huochengjieji)。qizhongguanshijianzhuwudingtixingshuoda、chutiaoshenyuanshijianzhuzaoxingzhongzuizhongyaodebufen。tusan jianzhuzhisanfensan、wudingdezhishi(tusi——tuershi)zaizhongguogudai,wudingchuliaoshiyonggongnengzhiwai,huanjianfuliaohenduodengjilizhideshiming。zuodianding、xieshanding、xuanshanding、yingshandinggeyouqishiyongdeguize。dengjiconggaodaodiyiciwei:zhongzuozuodianding>zhongzuoxieshanding>danzuozuodianding>danzuoxieshanding>xuanshanding>yingshanding。tusi wudingtuwu yigezuodianzhongzuoding,sigesijiaozanjianzhongzuodingtuliu xieshanzhongzuochengquchixingpingmian,juanpengxieshanbaoxiatuqi wugesijiaozanjiandingtuba zhengjiweisanduanxieshan,wudingwuzhong,sancengxieshantujiu bajiaozanjianzhongzuodingtushi cangshipingding、xieshandingtushiyi lianggexieshanwudingcheng“gong”zixingbulietushier sangexieshandingcongqianzhihoutaigao,qianhoulianggezhongzuotushisan lianggexieshanwudingcheng“gong”zixing,bulie,zuodianxingzuodingtushisi sigexieshandingwujixiangjiao、zhongzuotushiwu zhongzuoxieshandingtushiliu zhongzuobaodingtushiqi zhongzuoxieshan,wujichengdingzixingxiangjietushiba cangshipingding,xieshandingtushijiu sangexieshanjuanpengdingxianglian,xingcheng“goulianda”xingshituershi wudingweijuanpengxieshandingchengxianwanzixingsi、wuji(tuershiyi、tuershier、tuershiba)wudingliangpomianxiangjiaolongqizhichu,yibanyongwatiaohezhuanleiqiercheng。zuichushiyizhongfangloucuoshi,houyanbianchengyoumeidequxianlunkuohehuopodewudingzhuangshi。wujideweizhibutong,youbutongdemingcheng:zhengji、chuiji、zuoji、boji。1、zhengji(tuershiyi、tuershier):youjiaodaji、pingji,weiyuwudingqianhouliangpoxiangjiaochu,shiwudingzuigaochudeshuipingwuji,zhengjiliangduanyouwenshouhuowangshou,zhongjiankeyiyoubaopingdengzhuangshiwu。tuershiyi wuji2、chuiji(tuershiyi、tuershier):zaixieshanding、xuanshanding、yingshandingdejianzhushangzizhengjiliangduanyanzhuoqianhoupoxiangxia,zaizanjiandingzhongzibaodingzhiwuzuozhuanjiaochu。tuershier wuji3、zuoji(tuershiyi、tuershier):zaiyoubutongfangxiangdechengliangbandewudingzhong,qilianggexiewumianjiaojiechusuoxingchengdewaijiao。youchengchaji,shizhongguogudaixieshandingjianzhuzichuijixiaduanzhiwuzuobufendewuji,hechuijicheng45du,duichuijiqizhizuozuoyong。zaixieshandingjianzhuzhong,chuijidexiafangcongbofengbanweichukaishizhitaoshoujiandeji,jiaozuo“zuoji”。zhongzuowudingdexiacengzuo(ruzhongzuozuodiandinghezhongzuoxieshandingdedierzuo)dezuojiaowujiyeshizuoji,chengzhongzuozuoji。duizuodiandingzizhengjiliangduanzhifangzuodewuji,yishuoyechengweizuoji,danlingyishuoweichuiji。zuojishanganfangzuoshou,yizuoshouweijiefenweishouqianheshouhouliangduan,shouqianbufenanfangdunshou,shulianggenjudengjidaxiaogeyoubutong。4、boji(tuershiyi):weiyushanhuaxiadewuji。wu、wudingzhuangshi(tuershisan——tusanshisan )1、wenshou(tuershisan):baokuoyouzhengwen、chuishou、zuoshou、xianrenzoushou、taoshou。changjiandezhengwenhexianrenzoushou。tuershisan zuoweizuowei:jizuowen、zuowei、zuowen、longwen、zhengwen、,longdejiuzizhiyi,pingshenghaotun,xihuandongzhangxiwang,jingchangbeianpaizaijianzhuwudewujishang,zuozhangkoutunjizhuang,bingyouyijianyigudingzhi。zuowenshushuixing,yongtazuozhenxiezhiwuyibihuo。yejiushidianjishangdeshoutouzhixing。zaigujianzhuzhong,“wuji(zuodian)liushou”zhiyouguanjiacainengyongyou。tuershisi shanhua2、shanhua(tuershisi):xieshanshidewudingliangcexingchengdesanjiaoxingqiangmian,jiaozuoshanhua。3、xuanyu(tuershiwu、tuershiba):weiyuxuanshanhuozhexieshanjianzhuliangduandebofengbanxia,chuiyuzhengji。xuanyushiyizhongjianzhuzhuangshi,daduoyongmubandiaokeercheng,yinweizuichuweiyuxing,bingcongshanmiandingduanxuanchui,suoyichengwei“xuanyu”。“xuanyu”yicichushiguanlilianjiededaimingci,houzaifazhanguochengzhong,jianjianchouxiangjiandanhualiao,chuxianliaogezhonggeyangdezhuangshixingshi,youdeshenzhibianchengliaozuozuo,yiqu“fu”zhiyi。tuershiwu xuanyutuershiliu dunshouyuzuozuo4、dunshou(tuershiliu、tuershiba):youchengzoushou,chuijishou,zuojishoudeng,shigongdianjianzhuzuodiandingdechuijishang、xieshandingdezuojishangqianduandewazhihuoliulidexiaoshou。washoudeshulianghegongdiandedengjixiangguan,zuigaowei11ge,meiyigeshouduyouzijidemingzihezuoyong。5、zuozuo(tuershi liu ):zaidunshouqiandexianren。6、tasha、baoping(tuershiqi、tuershiba):weiyuwudingzhengjizhongjian。、tashitadingduandeshijian,youyuanyoujian,yibanfending、shen、zuosanbufen。tuershiqi baopingtuershiba wudingzhuangshi7、wazuo(tuershijiu、tusanshi):yejiaowajian,shiyuwuding,yongyuzhedangyuxuedejianzhucailiao。zhongguozuizaodewazuochuxianzaixizhoushiqi,junweitaowa。liuliwazuizaozechuxianzaibeiweishiqi。wazuobaokuobanwa、tongwa、goutouwa、dishuiwa、maoding。tuershijiu wazuotusanshi wazuo(1)tongwa(tusanshiyi):yongyudaxingmiaoyu、gongdiandezhaiwapian,zhizuoshitongzhuang,chengpiweibanyuanzhuang,jingshaozhichengwa。yibanyizhantuweicailiao。tusanshiyi tongwa(2)banwa(tusanshier):fugaiwudingyongdeyizhongdawa,wamianjiaokuan,wanqudujiaoxiao。banwaliangcechengweiwachi,wachixiangshangpuzaiwudingweiyangbanwa,qishangkefutongwa,gouchengtongwawuding,yekefuwachixiangxiadebanwa,gouchengyanghewawuding。tusanshier banwa(3)wadang(tusanshisan):shiwuzuozuiqianduandeyipianyuanxingdangpianwa,shiyongyizhuangshimeihuahebihujianzhuwuzuotoudejianzhufujian。wadangshangkeyouwenzi,tuan,yeyouyongsifangzhishende“zhuque”“xuanwu”“qinglong”“baihu”zuotuande。wadangdetuanshejiyoumei,zitixingyunliushui,jifubianhua,youyuntouwen、jihexingwen、zuozuowen、wenziwen、dongwuwendengdeng,weijingzhideyishupin。tusanshisan wadang(4)dishui(tuershijiu、tusanshi):banwameiyiliexingchengyitiaopaishuigouwei“yilong”,meilongzuixiayikuaidaiyouruyitouzhuangzhejiaozuo“dishui”。liu、dougong(tusanshiwu——tusanshijiu)dougongzaisongdaibeichengweipuzuo,tashizhongguomugoujiajianzhuzhongzuifuyoutesedejiegougoujian,yinqizhongyaodezuoyong,guerchengweiwoguojianzhuxuehuidehuihui。dougongweiyulizhuhehengliangjiaojiechu(tuershiba),youshuipingfangzhidefangxingdou、shenghejuxingdeyijixiezhideangzucheng(tusanshiliu),shijianzhuwudinghewushenlimianshangdeguodu。yizudouyoukeyulingyizudouzuhe,cengcengdiedie,xingchengpangdadejianzhugoujia。qigongnengshikejiangwudingdezhongliangpingjunfensanzaizhushang,yekeyonglaitiaochuwudingdewuzuo,shiwudingxiantiaochengquxian,jianqingchenzhonggan,yeyoulipaiyu。dougongzaigujianzhuzhongqizhuoshifenzhongyaodezuoyong,zhuyaoyousigefangmian:tusanshiwu dougongzhuyaogoujianmingchengyishitaweiyuzhuyuliangzhijian,youwumianheshangcenggoujiachuanxialaidehezai,yaotongguodougongchuangeizhuzi,zaiyouzhuchuandaojichu,yinci,taqizhuochengshangqixia,chuandihezaidezuoyong。ershitaxiangwaichutiao,kebazuiwaicengdezuo、zuotiaochuyidingjuli,shijianzhuwuchuzuogengjiashenyuan,zaoxinggengjiayoumei、zhuangguan。houlaidougongzhujianbianweizhuangshi,chengweiqubiejianzhudengjidebiaozhi。yuegaoguidejianzhudougongyuefuza、fanhua(tusanshiqi、tusanshiba)。tusanshiliu dougongzhuyaogoujianmingchengsanshitagouzaojingqiao,zaoxingmeiguan,rupenjing,sihualan,youshihenhaodezhuangshixinggoujian。sishizhezhongjiegouhexiandailiangzhukuangjiajiegoujiweileisi。yuyouqiangliedizhenshi,caiyongzuomaojiehedekongjianjiegousuihui“songdong”quebuzhi“sanjia”,xiaohaodizhenchuanlaidenengliang,shizhenggefangwudedizhenhezaidaweijiangdi,qidaokangzhenzuoyong。tusanshiqi huagongsitiaodougongdefenlei:tougongdefenleihenduo,xingzhifuza。yianqisuochudeweizhikeyifenweineizuodougong、waizuodougong、pingzuodougong。erhuankefenweizhutoudougong(songchengzhudoufuzuo)、zhujiandougong(songchengbujianfuzuo)、zhuanjiaodougong(songchengjiaopuzuo)。qizhong,youyizhuanjiaodougongdejiegouzuiweifuza,suoqizuoyongyeshizuida(tusanshijiu)。tusanshiba huagongliangtiaoyuandaiyihou,liang、zhujiedianshangdedouzhujianbianxiao,yutangsongjianzhuzhongdedouxiangbi,jiegouzuoyongjianruo,zhuangshixingjiaqiang。daoqingdaidoujihutuihuaweizhuangshixinggoujian。yinci,genju“dougongzhizuzhiyubilidaxiao,lidaibutong”detedian,“meikejiqijiegouyanbianzhixu,yijiandingjianzhuwuzhiniandai”。tusanshijiu zhuanjiaofuzuo、xuanjianpuzuo、zhutoupuzuotushizhongguogujianjiegouchangshi(xia)zhongguojianzhunaiyidulizhijiegouxitong,lishiyouchang;zuoweiputongshouzhong,zaizantangujianzhuqiwei、gantanminzuzhihuizhiyu,shifouyeyingtigaoduigujianzhuyishudejianshangline?benwentezuoxuanliaoyixiezai《zhongguojianzhushi》zhongjingchangchuxiandeshuyu、mingcibianluruxia,bingpeiyitupian,xiwangnengjietudayi,tigaodajiaderenwenzhishi。qi、goujiayouzhu、liang、zuo、zuodenggouchengdeyizhongmuzhijianzhujiegou,shimugoujiajianzhuwudechengzhongbufen,tongshiyoushimujianzhubilichiduhexingtiwaiguandezhongyaojuedingyinsu。shu“damuzuo”。1、zhujianzhuzhongdechuizhizhujiegoujian,chengtuozaitashangfangwujiandezhongliang,biruwuzuodezhongliang,shijianzhudechengzhongbufen。ciwaihuanyouyixieqitajiaoxiaodezhu,zhexieduanzhubushizhiyudijizhishang,ershizhiyuliangjiazhishang,chengtuoshangfangwujiandezhongliang,zaibazhezhongliangtouguoliangjia,chuandizhizhuzhuzhishang,lirujiguazhuhuoshuzhu。gudaizhuziduoweimuzao,yiyoushizhu。weifangshui、fangchao,zaizhuzhuyudijijian,jianyouzhuchu,bingzaimuzhudezhuchuzhishang,dianyishi。tusishi shizhiyuanzhuxingzuozhuzhuzifenleifangfahenduo:huoanjiemianxingzhuangfen:fangzhu、yuanzhu、 balingxingzhu、liulingxingzhu;huoanzhuzidecaizhifen:muzhu、shizhu、zhuanzhu;huoanchangxibifen:changzhu、duanzhu、zhongchangzhu。huoanwaixingfen:zhizhu、suozhu;yeyouanzhudegongneng、suochuweizhidengfenleide,bushengmeiju,xiamianxuanliejizhongchangbeitijidezhuzi:(1)zuozhu(tusishi、tusishiyi、tusishier):yechenglangzhu,jianzhuwuzuoxiazuiwaiyiliezhichengwuzuodezhuzi,yejiaowaizhu。duoyongyuzhongzuohuozhongzuodaipingzuodejianzhu,zhichengtiaochujiaochangdewuzuojijiaoliangyijiaodeng。zhuziyoushizhi、muzhizhifen,duanmianzeyouyuan、fangzhifen,tongchangweifangxing,qiezhujingjiaoxiao。tusishiyi shizhifangzhuxingzuozhutusishier muzhiyuanzhuxingzuozhu(2)jiaozhu(tusishisan):weiyujianzhujiaobu、yuzhudezhengjiaodelianggefangxianggezhiyouyigenkuangjialiangyuzhixianglianjiedekuangjiazhu。jiandandishuozaijianzhuwusijiaodezhuzi。xuyaozhuyideshijiaozhukeyikanzuoshiconggainianshejidejiaoduchufa,duijiegoudebaoruobuweigeiyujiaqiang。suoyijiaozhuzaijisuan、kangzhengouzaodengfangmianduyouteshuguiding。tusishisan zhuzhentu(3)jinzhu(tusishisan):yechenglaozuozhu,zaizuozhuyinei,zhongxianyiwaidezhuzi,duoyongyudaiwailangdejianzhu。jinshen(jinshen:youmenkouxiangwuliyanshendeshendu)jiaodadefangwuyiweizhibutongyouyouwaiweijinzhuhelineijinzhuzhifen。lingwai,jinzhuyoushichuzuozhu、zhongzhuheshanzhuyiwaidezhuzidetongcheng。(4)shanzhu(tusishisan):zaiyingshanhuoxuanshanshifangwujianzhudeshanqiangnei,zhengzhongzhichengwudingdezhuzi。(5)zhongzhu(tusishisan):yechengjizhu,zaijianzhuwuzongxiangdingweizhouxiandezhongxianshangzhichengwujidezhuzi。(6)guazhu(tusishisi):liyudaliangshangyonglaizhichengshangmianliangjiadeduanzhu,chengweiguazhu,youdechengwei“tongzhu”。qigaodudayuqizhijing。tusishisi guazhu、shuzhu(7)shuzhu(tusishisi、tusishiwu、tusishiliu):youchengjiguazhu、zuoruzhu,zaiwujibuweidesanjialiangshang,yonglaizhichengjizuodeduanzhu,yejiao“jiguazhuhuojitongzhu”。(8)tuofeng(tushiwu):songshijianzhumingci,xiyongzailiangcengliangzhijiandediankuai,peihedougongchengtuoliangdegoujian,yinqiwaixingsiluotuozhibei,gumingzhi。tuofengyouquantuofenghebantuofengzhifen。quantuofengyouyouyingzui、qiaban、zuomao、juanyunduozhongxingshi,bantuofengbijiaoshaojian。zaiqingshijianzhuzhong,tuofengzechengzhiwei“zuo”,qigaoduxiaoyuzhijing,danggaodudayuzhijingshi,zechengwei“guazhu”。tusishiwu goujiatusishiliu goujia(8)zhuchu(tusishiqi):suyouchengzuopan,huozhuchushi。gudaiweishiluodiwuzhubushouchao,zaizhujiaoxiatianliaoyikuaishidun,shizhujiaoyudipinggeli,qidaojueduidefangchaozuoyong;tongshi,youshichengshouwuzhuyalidedianjishi,zhuxiadejichu,fanshimujiajiegoudefangwu,keweizhuzhujieyou,queyibuke。tusishiqi zhuchu(9)zhu(tusishiba):huochengzhuzhu,tashizhushenyuzhuchudeguodubufen,yinweizhuziduoweimuzhi,shuifenyishunzhuoshuxiangdemuwenshangshengeryingxiangmuzhudenaijiuzhiliang,“”dewenliweihengxiangpingzhi,keyouxiaofangzhishuifenshunwenshangsheng,qidaobaohuzhushendezuoyong。“”yibanchengbianguxing,caizhiyoushi、muliangzhong。tusishiba zhu(mu)(10)suozhu(tusishijiu):zhuzishangxialiangduan(huojinshangduan)shouxiao,rusuoxing。tusishijiu suozhu(11)chuizhu(tuwushi):shangduangongyongyuzuozhuxiangtong,yongyuchuihuamenhuopailoumendesijiaoshang,xiabuxuankong,duantoushangchangyoulianhuadiaoshi,guchangchengchuilianzhu。tuwushi chuizhu(12)niutuizhu(tuwushiyi)zaigujianzhuzhong,niutuihequetishixiangsieryoubuwanquanxiangtongdegoujian。quetishizhiweiyuzhuyuhengliangzhijiandechengmu,tajikeyiqidaochuanchenglidezuoyong,youkeyiqidaozhuangshidezuoyong。xiangdangyuxiandaijianzhuzhonghunningtujiayeliangzhongdejiayebufen。niutuiyoudedifangyoujiao“matui”, yeshizhicongzhuzhongshenchudeyiduanduanmu,tayibanzhiqizhuangshidezuoyongerbuqichuanchenglidezuoyong。danzaiyouxiedifangheyouxieziliaozhong,niutuihequetiliangzheshihunchengde。tuwushiyi niutuizhu2、liangjiazhongguochuantongmujiegoujianzhuzhongdeyizhonggujia。yibanzaizhujianshangbuyongliangheaizhuzhongdiezhuangcheng,yongyizhichengwudingzuotiao。liangyejiaozuo“zuo”,songzechengzhiwei“” ,shigujianzhudezhuyaomuzuogoujian,duozhiankaijian(kaijian:zhujiandejuli)fangxianglianguanliangzhujiandehengmu,shifangwuzhongchengshouzhongliangdeshuipingdamu。jiemiankeyishiyuanxingde,yekeyishijuxing。zaisongshijianzhuzhong,xianluzaiwai,yiyannengkanjiandeliang,chengweiming,beitianhuabanzhebi,wufakanjiandeliang,chengweicao。congwaiguanshanglaishuo,liangfenweizhiliangheyueliang;erliangtoudexingzhuangzaisongyuanshiqichangyongmazuoxingzhuang,zaiqingdaizeduoyongjuanyunhuotiaojianxing。genjuliangdechangdujiweizhibutong,liangyeyouhenduochengwei,biruru、pingliang、qiandengdeng。changtijideshuyuyou:(1)yueliang(tuwushier、tuwushisan):zainanfangdiqu,renmenchangbaming(ji“zhiliang”)shaojiawanqu,jiagongchengyueyaxing,guchengzhiweiyueliang。tuwushier yueliangtuwushisan yueliang(2)jiujialiang、qijialiang、wujialiang(songcheng“sichuan”)、sanjialiang(songcheng“pingliang”)(tuwushisi):zaiqingshijianzhuzhong,liangdechengweiduoyoumeizuoliangjiasuochengtuodezuoshulaijuedingde,lirushangchengjiuzuozheweijiujialiang,yicihuanyouqijialiang、wujialiang、sanjialiang。zhezhongliangjiadetedianshizaizhudinghuozhuwangshangdeshuipingpuzuocengshang,yanfangwujinshenfangxiangjiashucengdiejiadeliang,liangzhucengsuoduan,cengjiandianduanzhuhuomukuai,zuishangcengliangzhongjianlixiaozhuhuosanjiaocheng,xingchengsanjiaoxingwujia。tuwushisi goujiaxianglinwujiajian,zaigecengliangdeliangduanhezuishangcengliangzhongjianxiaozhu(jiguazhu)shangjiazuo,zuojianjiachuan,gouchengshuangpodingfangwudekongjiangujia。wumianzhongliangtongguochuan、zuo、liang、zhuchuandaojichu(youdougongshi,tongguodougongchuandaozhushang)。zhezhongmujiegoujianzhuxingshi,zaiwoguobeifangdiqubijiaochangjian,shineishaozhushenzhiwuzhu,kongjianda,suoyigengweihuangjiajianzhusuoxuan,zaigongdian、miaoyu、siyuandengdaxingjianzhuzhongpubiancaiyong,shiwoguomugoujiajianzhudedaibiao。yinweishizailizhushangjialiang,qieliangshangyoutailiang,zhezhongliangjiabeichengwei“tailiangshi”wujia,huo“dieliangshi”wujia(tuwushiwu)。tuwushiwu tailiangshi wujia yuchuandoushiwujiadebijiao(3)danbuliang(tiaojianliang、baotouliang)、shuangbuliang(tuwushiliu):qingshijianzhumugoujiazhong,liangdechangdushiyibujialaijisuande,jiyixianglinliangtiaozuo(zuo)zhijiandeshuipingjulizuoweiyige"bujia",yejianchengbu;zaisong《yingzaofashi》zhongzechengzhiwei“jia”,huo“chuanjia”。jiujialiangchangweibabujia,qijialiangzhechangliubujia,yicileitui。danbuliangchangjinyibujia,chengdanyigezuozideli,weiyuzuozhuyujinzhuhuolaozuozhuzhijian,yiduanzhiyuzuozhuzhishang,lingyiduancharujinzhuhuolaozuozhuzhong。tuwushiliu danbuliang、shuangbuliangzaidashijianzhu(jizhigongdian、guanshu、miaoyu、fuzuozhongdezhuyaodiantang。miankuokeyou5jianduozhi11jian,jinshenzekeduozhi11zuo)zhongyechengtaojianliang,zaixiaoshijianzhu(jizhigongdian、guanshu、miaoyu、fuzuozhongdeciyaofangwuheyibanminju。miankuo3jianzhi5jian,jinshenbuduoyu7zuo,daliangyi5jiaweixian)zhongzechengbaotouliang。ruguolangkuanliangbujia,taojianliangjiachangyibei,chengshuangbuliang。shuangbuliangliangduanxiazhizhu,yiduanshangcechengzuo,yiduanwuzuo,zhongbuanguazhu,shangchengdanbuliang。zaiyingshanjianzhuli,tieshanqiangdeliangjiachengweipaishanliangjia。paishanliangjiawangwangyongshanzhu,shanzhucongdimianyizhitongdaowujiqiezhichijizuo,baliangjiacongzhongfenweiliangduan,shiwujialiangchengweilianggenshuangbuliang,sanjialiangbianchenglianggendanbuliang。(4)jiaoliang(tuwushiqi、tuwushiba):jiaoliangzhizuodianding、xieshandinghuozanjiandingwuzuozhuanjiaochuyanfenjiaoxianbuzhide、suichuanzixiangwaishentiaodeliang,youshangxiadiehezaiyiqidelianggenmugoujianzucheng,houweijiaoyujinzuo(zuo)xiangjiaochu,huocharujiaojinzhuzhong,zhongjiandazaixiangjiaodezuozuohuozhengxinzuo、tiaozuozuoshang。laojiaoliang,songchengdajiaoliang,suizuochuantiaochu;zijiaoliang,songchengzijiaoliang,suifeichuantiaochu。tuwushiqi jiaoliangtuwushiba jiaoliangtuwushijiu ezuo(lane)、pupaizuo3、zuojiaoxiaoyuliangdefucai,yeshizhuyaodemuzuogoujian,jiemianweijuxing,shifangzhuxingdehengmu。zuodeweizhibutong,chengweiyebutong。changtijideyou:(1)ezuo(tuwushijiu):weiyuzuozhuzhishang,shizhuzishangduanlianluoyuchengzhongdeshuipinggoujian。nanbeichaoshiduozhiyuzhuding;sui、tangyihouyidaozhujian;daosongdaishichengwei“lane”。tayoushiweilianggenbingyong,shangmiandeyigenjiao“daezuo”(qingdaichengwei),xiamiandeyigenjiao“xiaoezuo”(qingdaidechengwei,songchengwei“youe”),liangzhezhijianshiyongdianban(songcheng“youedianban”)。zaineizhuzhongshiyongdeezuoyoubeichengzuo“neie”,weiyuzhujiaochudezejiaozuo“di”。tuwushijiu ezuo(lane)、pupaizuo(2)jinzuo(tuwushisi):yanwumianpoduzhucenganpaidezuozidujiaozuo“jinzuo”。anjinzuosuochudediweichabie,youyou“shangjinzuo”、“zhongjinzuo”、“xiajinzuo”zhibie,biruweiyuzaiwujialiangshangdejinzuochengwei“shangjinzuo”。(3)jizuo(tuliushisi):weiyujiguazhushang,jizuo(zuo)xiamiandezuozi。(4)laozuozuo(tuliushisi):zhiyujinzhuzhishangdezuomu。(5)zhutouzuo(tuliushi、tuliushiyi):zaiqingzhizhongzecheng“zhengxinzuo”,tachuzaidouzhongxinweizhi,zuozuo(zuo)xiamiandezuomu。yinweidoudezhuyaozuoyongshichengdanxuantiaozuokoudewudinghezhong,gaihezhongyouzuozuo(zuo)chuandidaozuomu,zaiyouzuomuluoshidaodoushang,zhengxinzuojiushijianghezhongchuandidaozhongxinjianshangdezuomu。tuliushi zhutouzuo、luohanzuodeng(6)luohanzuo(tuliushi、tuliushiyi):zaiqingzhizhongcheng“zhuaizuo”,chuzaizhengxinzuoqianhou,zaineiwaitiaomangongshangzhe,qishangmeiyouzuo(zuo)dezuomu,youlianjiekaijianneigezandougongdezuoyong。“waizhuaizuo”zhichuzaidouzhongxinwaitiaobufendezuomu;“lizhuaizuo”shizhichuzaidouzhongxinneitiaobufendezuomu。tuliushiyi zhutouzuo、luohanzuo、liaozuozuo(7)liaozuozuo(tuliushiyi):zaiqingzhizhongcheng“tiaozuozuo”,chuzailingzhishang,tiaozuozuoxiamiandezuomu。yibanzaidoudezuiwaiduanweizhi,shiwudingzuibianyandechengtuogoujian,shidougongfushugoujian。(8)suiliangzuo(tuwushisi):zaizuokouliangqianmian,anjinshenlianguanliangzhutoujiandehengmu,weizhigongnengyuezuoxiangtong,zaidamuxiaoshijianzhuli,changjianliangermeiyousuiliangzuo。shunzhuolianganzhuangdenakuaidiaohuamuzuo,jiujiaosuiliangzuo。qiwenguliangdezuoyong,shigelianxigoujian。(9)pupaizuo(tusanshijiu、tuwushijiu):weiyulanezhishang,yonglaichengtuodougongdemujiegou。shijianyutangdai,“ranzhibeisongmo,shangyoushengerbuyongzhe”。houshizailaneyupupaizuodechicunshangyoubuduandeyanbian,“qiyongpupaizuozhe,zezaozhebianerkuan,……yulanezaiduanmianshangzuo'T’zixing,qihoujianjiahou……pupaizuolanesuochuwuji。zhimingqingzepupaizuojingxiayulaneyi”。pupaizuozainanfangchengwei“pingbanzuo”,beifangrenwutingcheng“pupaizuo”,guzhi。(10)queti(tuliushier、tuliushisan):youjiao“jiaoti”,zaisongdaijiaozuo“chuomuzuo”,zhiyufangxiayuzhujiaodaichu,jiaguliangfangyuzhudexianjie,fendanzhutouchengzhongyali,jieyijianshaoliangzuodekuaju。bingqijiagugoujiahezhuangshidezuoyong。zhiqingchao,quetijianjianbianhuaweizhuliangjiandezhuangshi。quetiyouhenduolei:birudaqueti、tongqueti、qimaqueti、huayazi、longmenquetidengdeng。tuliushier daquetituliushisan qimaquetituliushisi goujiaxiangtu1.zuozhu 2.laozuozhu 3.jinzhu 4.daezuo 5.xiaoezuo 6.youedianban 7.tiaojiansuiliang 8.tiaojianliang 9.pingbanzuo 10.shangzuoezuo 11.bojizuo 12.zoumaban 13.zhengxinzuo14.tiaozuozuo 15.qibuliang 16.suiliangzuo 17.wujialiang 18.sanjialiang 19.tongzhu 20.shuangbuliang 21.danbuliang 22.leigongzhu 23.jijiao 24.fujimu 25.jizuo 26.jidianban27.jizuo 28.shangjinzuo 29.zhongjinzuo 30.xiajinzuo 31.jinzuo 32.gejiake 33.zuochuan 34.feizuochuan 35.liujindou 36.jingkoutianhuatuliushiwu songdaigoujiaxiangtu1.ji 2.chashou 3.shunjichuan 4.pingliang 5.shangping 6.tuojiao 7.zuofeng 8.sichuanfu 9.zhongping 10.liuchuanfu 11.bachuanfu 12.shichuanfu 13.xiaping 14.niuji15.yueliang(liuchuanfu) 16.shunfuchuan 17.wuneie 18.youe 19.yacaofang 20.feizi 21.zuochuan 22.liaozuofang 23.zhechuanban 24.pingqifang(daichengfang) 25.rufu(yueliang)29.zhutoupuzuo 27.bujianpuzuo 28.gongyanbi 29.lane 30.qian 31.pingan 32.zhaobiban 33.mene 34.fujiezuozhu 35dianshenzuozhu 36.difu 37.dianshenneizhu38.he? 39.chengchuanfang 40.yanzuoban4、zuo、zuoyecheng“zuotiao”、“zuotiao”、“zuozi” ,zaisongshijianzhuzhongcheng“”。tuliushiliu zuo、chuanzuoshiyuliangjiazhengjiao,liangduandayuliangzhushangqieyanjianzhumiankuofangxiangdeshuipinggoujian,yibanjunweiyuanxingjiemian,shugujianzhuzhongxiaoshijianzhudedamugoujian。qizuoyongshizhijieguding、chengtuowumianchuanzi,bingjiangqihezhongchuandigeiliangzhu。song《yingzaofashi》chengwei“”。qing《gongchengzuofazeli》zaidaidougongjianzhuzhongchengwei“zuo”,zaiwudougongjianzhuzhongchengwei“zuo”。zuotiaogenjujianzhuwuchengzhongdaxiao,youyongyigende,youyonglianggenbingyongde、sangenbingyongde。lianggenbingyongde,xiamiandeyigenjiaozuozuo,rujizuo(tuliushiqi)。tuliushiqi goujiasangenbingyongde,chuyuzhongjiandeduoweifangtiao,chengweidianban,rujidianban(tuliushiqi)。zuodemingchengsuiqiliangtousuozaidezhudeweizhidebutongerbutong,ru:(1)zaizuozhuzhishangdecheng“zuozuo”,songcheng“xiaping”(tuwushisi);(2)zaijinzhuzhishangdetongcheng“jinzuo,songchengwei“shangping、zhongping”,jinzuoyoushangzhongxiazhifen(tuliushiqi);(3)zaizhongzhuzhishangdechengjizuo,yechengji,songchengji(tuliushiqi);(4)tiaozuozuo,songcheng“niujizuo”,(tuliushisi)dengdeng…………(5)ciwaihuanyouzuodianban,tashiqingshijianzhuzhong,tianbuzuomuyuzuomuzhijiankongxidemuban,qizhuangshizuoyong。zuodianbanyiqiweizhikefenweizuodianban、jindianban、jidianbandeng(tuliushiqi)。5、chuanyejiaochuanzi、chuantiao。zhongguogudaimugoujianzhudewudingduyoutiaochudewuzuo,mudeshibaohuzuokouxiademugoujiajihangtuqiangshaoshouyulin。wuzuodezhuyaogoujianjiushichuanzi,tamijidipailieyuzuoshang,bingyuzuochengzhengjiao,shizhichengwudinggaicailiaodeyuanxingmutiao,qigongnengshichengshouwudingdewangbanhewadengcailiao。tuliushiba chuantiaotaanwumianpodupuqi,suoyihedimianxingchengjiaodu,erbushishuipingde。chuantiaoweizhibutong,chengweibutong,zhuyaoyou:(1)zuochuan(tuliushijiu):jiazaixiajinzuoyuzuozuo(zhengxinzuo)jiandezheduanchuanzi,shimugoujiazhongzuiwaiceyibujiashangdechuanzi。tuliushijiu chuantiaogoujia(2)feizuochuan(tuliushijiu):zaidashijianzhuhuojiaodajianzhuwuzhong,weizengjiatiaochudeshendubingshiwagoushuiliuyuan,zaiyuanxingduanmiandezuochuanmoduan,bingfuzhuoyuzuochuanzhishang,huanyaojiadingfangxingduanmiandechuanzi,congerjiachangliaowuzuotiaochudeshendu,zheduanfangxingduanmiandechuanzijiao“feichuan”。6、chashou(tusishisi、tusishiwu)chashou:zhichengzaishuzhuliangcedemugoujian。beiweishishizhongyong;tang、song、liao、jin、yuanjianzhuzhongrengyong;mingdaiouyouyingyong,danduanmianchicunhenxiao;qingdaijihubuyongchashou。dichuyunnanshengdongbeibudeyongshanxian,guangreziyuanfengfu,rizhaojiaochang、qihoulengliang、yuliangchongzu,zhouyewenchada,detianduhoudeqihoutiaojian,weiganlan、wawacai、xilanhuadengshucaitigongliaolixiangdeshengchanhuanjing,lenglianghuanjingxiazhongzhideshucai,neibukangyanghuawuzhihanliangjiaogao,shucaikouganxiannen,shenshouxiaofeizheqingzuo。
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食材:紫甘蓝、香菜、蒜、盐少许、辣椒面、白芝麻、生抽、香醋、盐、白糖、鸡精、香油