...在美国成为高中生。然而,她的父亲欠了一身债,她也...我今年十六岁了前天刚被破处听说破处很疼, - 医疗科普...
1.《我在八零年代当后妈》颁笔藤泽文
2025年01月16日，脚踏实地，行稳致远；百花齐放，国货自强。
...在美国成为高中生。然而,她的父亲欠了一身债,她也...我今年十六岁了前天刚被破处听说破处很疼, - 医疗科普...
视频中的他说自己之前是摔跤运动员也展示了自己摔跤的画面
而在近期的交流中，该公司透露出将更多借助和引入摩根士丹利投资管理优秀的主动管理能力和全球投资优势，继续坚定地走主动管理之路，突出公司作为资产管理人的管理能力，为投资者创造长期可持续的回报，并助力中国投资者全球配置优质资产的发展思路。然后老大接着说学习英俄语是因为妈妈娜斯佳是俄罗斯人，而且只有说俄语才能和姥姥姥爷进行交流，但是奶奶却听不懂。
104tiaoPCBdianlushejizhizuozhuanyeshuyu2019-04-02 13:56·dianzigongchengshibiji1、annular="" ring="" konghuanzhiraojietongkongbiwaipingtiezaibanmianshangdetonghuaneryan。zaineicengbanshangcikonghuanchangyishiziqiaoyuwaimiandadixianglian，qiegengchangdangchengxianludeduandianhuoguozhan。zaiwaicengbanshangchuliaodangchengxianludeguozhanzhiwai，yekedangchenglingjianjiaochahanyongdehandian。yucizitongyideshangyou Pad(peiquan)、 Land (dulidian)deng。2、Artwork dipianzaidianlubangongyezhong，cizichangzhideshiheibaidipianeryan。zhiyuzongsede“oudanpian”(Diazo Film)zelingyong Phototool yimingzhi。PCB suoyongdedipiankefenwei“yuanshidipian”Master Artwork yijifanzhaohoude“gongzuodipian”Working Artwork deng。3、Basic Grid jibenfanggezhidianlubanzaishejishi，qidaotibujudingweisuozhuoluodezonghenggezi。zaoqidegejuwei 100 mil，muqianyouyuxixianmixiandeshengxing，jibengejuyizaisuoxiaodao 50 mil。4、Blind Via Hole mangdaokongzhifuzadeduocengbanzhong，bufendaotongkongyinzhixumoujicengzhihulian，gukeyibuwanquanzuantou，ruoqizhongyouyikongkoushilianjiezaiwaicengbandekonghuanshang，zhezhongrubeizhuangsihutongdeteshukong，chengzhiwei“mangkong”(Blind Hole)。5、Block Diagram dianluxitongkuaitujiangzuzhuangbanjisuoxudegezhonglingzujian，zaishejitushangyizhengfanghuochangfangxingdekongkuangjiayikuangchu， qieyonggezhongdianxingfuhao，duiqigekuangdeguanxizhuyilianluo，shizuchengyouxitongdejiagoutu。6、Bomb Sight danbiaoyuanzhihongzhajitoudandemiaozhunmu。PCB zaidipianzhizuoshi，weiduizhunqijianyezaigejiaoluoshezhizhezhongshangxialiangcengduizhunyongdebabiao，qigengjingquezhizhengshimingchengyingjiaozuoPhotographers' Target。7、Break-away panel keduankaibanzhixuduomianjijiaoxiaodedianluban，weiliaozaixiayouzhuangpeixianshangdechajian、fangjian、hanjiedengzuoyedefangbianqijian，zai PCB zhichengzhong，tejiangzhibinghezaiyigedabanshang，yijinxinggezhongjiagong。wangongshizaiyitiaodaofangshi，zaigedulixiaobanzhijianjinxingjubuqiewaixing(Routing)duankai，danquebaoliuzugouqiangdudeshumei“lianpian”(Tie Bar huoBreak-away Tab)，qiezailianpianyubanbianjianzailianzuanjigexiaokong；huoshangxiageqie V xingcaokou，yilizuzhuangzhichengwanbihou，huannengjianggebanzheduanfenkai。zhezhongxiaobanzilianhezuzhuangfangshi，jianglaihuiyulaiyuduo，ICkajishiyili。8、Buried Via Hole maidaokongzhiduocengbanzhijubudaotongkong，dangqimaizaiduocengbanneibucengjianchengwei“neitongkong”，qieweiyuwaicengban“liantong”zhe，chengweimaidaokonghuojianchengmaikong。9、Bus Bar huidianganduozhidianducaoshangdeyinjihuoyangjiganbenshen，huoqilianjiezhidianlaneryan。lingzai“zhichengzhong”dedianluban，qijinshouzhiwaiyuanjiejinbanbianchu，yuanyouyitiaoliantongyongdedaoxian(dujincaozuoshixubeizhegai)，zailingyiyixiaozhaipian(jieweijieshengjinliangguxujinliangjianxiaoqimianji)yugeshouzhixianglian，cizhongdaodianyongdelianxianyicheng Bus Bar。erzaigedandushouzhiyu Bus Bar xianglianzhixiaopianzechengShooting Bar。zaibanziwanchengqiewaixingshi，erzheduhuiyibingqiediao。10、CADdiannaofuzhushejiComputer Aided Design，shiliyongteshuruantijiyingti，duidianlubanyishuweihuajinxingbuju(Layout)，bingyiguangxuehuitujijiangshuweiziliaozhuanzhichengyuanshidipian。cizhong CADduidianlubandezhiqiangongcheng，yuanbirengongfangshigengweijingquejifangbian。11、Center-to-Center Spacing zhongxinjianjuzhibanmianshangrenheliangdaotiqizhongxindaozhongxindebiaoshijuli(Nominal Distance)eryan。ruolianxupailiedegedaoti，ergezikuandujijianjuyouduxiangtongshi(rujinshouzhidepailie)，zeci“zhongxindaozhongxindejianju”youchengweijieju(Pitch)。12、Clearance yudi、yuxi、konghuanzhiduocengbanzhigeneicengshang，ruobuyuqidaotimianyutongkongzhikongbiliantongshi，zekejiangtongkongzhouweidetongboshidiaoerxingchengkonghuan，techengwei“konghuan”。youwaicengbanmianshangsuoyindelvqiyugekonghuanzhijiandejuliyechengwei Clearance 。buguoyouyumuqianbanmianxianlumiduyujiantigao，shidezhezhonglvqiyuanyoudeyudiyebeijinbidaojijinyuwuliao。13、Component Hole lingjiankongzhibanzishanglingjianjiaochazhuangdetongkong，zhezhongjiaokongdekongjingpingjunzai 40 mil zuoyou。xianzaiSMTshengxingzhihou，dakongjingdechakongyizhujianjianshao，zhishengxiashaoshulianjieqidejinzhenkonghuanxuyaochahan，qiyuduoshu SMD lingjianduyigaicaibiaomianzhanzhuangliao。14、Component Side zujianmianzaoqizaidianlubanquancaitongkongchazhuangdeshidai，lingjianyidingshiyaozhuangzaibanzidezhengmian，guyouchengqizhengmianwei“zujianmian”。banzidefanmianyinzhigongbohandexibotongguo，guyouchengwei“hanximian”(Soldering Side) 。muqian SMT debanleiliangmianduyaozhanzhuanglingjian，guyiwusuowei“zujianmian“huo“hanximian”liao，zhinengchengweizhengmianhuofanmian。tongchangzhengmianhuiyinyougaidianzijiqidezhizaochangshangmingcheng，erdianlubanzhizaochangde UL daiziyushengchanriqi，zekejiazaibanzidefanmian。15、Conductor Spacing daotijianjuzhidianlubanmiandemouyidaoti，ziqibianyuandaolingyizuijindaotidebianyuan，qijiansuohangaijueyuandicaimiandekuaju，jiweizhidaotijianju，huosuchengweijianju。you，Conductor shidianlubanshanggezhongxingshijinshudaotidefancheng。16、Contact Area jiechudianzuzaidianlubanshangshizhuanzhijinshouzhiyulianjieqizhijiechudian，dangdianliutongguoshisuochengxiandedianzuzhiwei。weiliaojianshaojinshubiaomianyanghuawudeshengcheng，tongchangyangxingdejinshouzhibufen，jilianjieqideyinxingkajiazijiexuduyijinshu，yiyidiqi“jiezaidianzu”defasheng。qitadianqipindechatoujiruchazuozhong，huodaozhenyuqijiezuojianyeduyoujiechudianzucunzai。17、Corner Mark banjiaobiaojidianlubandipianshang，changzaisigejiaoluochuliuxiateshudebiaojizuoweibanzideshijibianjie。ruojiangcidengbiaojideneiyuanlianxian，jiweiwangongbanlunkuowaiwei(Contour)dejiexian。18、Counterboring dingshenkuokong，maitoukongdianlubankeyongluosisuojingudingzaijiqizhong，zhezhongpipeidefeidaotongkong(NPTH)，qikongkouxuzuokerongnaluomaode“kuokong”，shizhenggeluosinengchenrumairubanmiannei，yijianshaozaiwaibiaosuozaochengdefangai。19、Crosshatching shizijiaochaqudianlubanmianshangmouxiedamianjidaotiqu，weiliaoyubanmianjilvqizhijiandudedaogenghaodefuzhuoliqijian，changjiangganbufentongmianzhuandiao，erliuxiaduotiaozonghengjiaochadeshizixian，ruwangqiupaidejiegouyiyang，rucijiangkehuajiediaodamianjitongbo，yinrepengzhangercunzaidefuliweiji。qishikesuodeshizituxingchengwei Crosshatch，erzhezhonggaishandezuofazechengwei Crosshatching。20、Countersinking zhuixingkuokong，labakongshilingyizhongsuojinyongdeluosikong，duoyongzaimugongjiajushang，jiaoshaochuxianjingmidianzigongyezhong。21、Crossection Area jiemianjidianlubanshangxianlujiemianjidedaxiao，huizhijieyingxiangqizailiunengli，gushejishijiyingshouxianlierujian，changjiangganbufentongmianzhuandiao，erliuxiaduotiaozonghengjiaochadeshizixian，ruwangqiupaidejiegouyiyang，rucijiangkehuajiediaodamianjitongbo，yinrepengzhangercunzaidefuliweiji。qishikesuodeshizituxingchengwei Crosshatch，erzhezhonggaishandezuofazechengwei Crosshatching。22、Current-Carrying Capability zailiunenglizhibanzishangdedaoxian，zaizhidingdeqingkuangxianenggoulianxutongguozuidadedianliuqiangdu(anpei)，ershangbuzhiyinqidianlubanzaidianxingjijixiexingzhishangdeliehua (Degradation)，cizuidadianliudeanpeishu，jiweigaixianlude“zailiunengli”。23、Datum Reference jizhuncankaozai PCB zhizaojijianyandeguochengzhong，weiliaonengjiangdipiantuxingzaibanmianshangdeyizhengquedingweiqijian,texuandingmouyidian、xian,huokongmianzuoweiqituxingdejizhuncankao，chengwei Datum Point，Datum Line，huocheng Datum Level(Plane)，yicheng Datum Hole。24、Dummy Land jiahandianzuzhuangshiweiliaoqianjiujiyoulingjiandegaodu，mouxielingjianduzixiadebanmianxujiayidiangao，shidianjiaonengyongyougenghaodejiezhuoli，yibankeliyongdianlubandeshikejishu，keyizaigaichuliuxiabujiejiaobutongdianerzhizuodiangaoyongde“jiatongdian”，weizhi Dummy Land。buguoyoushibanmianshangyinshejibuliang，huichuxiandamianjiwutongcengdedicaimian，fenbuzhuoshaoxudetongkonghuoxianlu。weiliaobimiangaidengdulidaotizaidutongshiguodudedianliujizhong，erfashenggezhongqueshiqijian，yekezengjiayixiewugongnengdejiadianhuojiaxian，zaidiandushifentandiaoyixiedianliu，rangshaoxudulidaotidedianliumidubuzhitaigao，zhexietongmianyichengwei Dummy Conductors。25、Edge Spacingbanbiankongdizhiyoubanbiandaojuqi“zuijindaotixianlu”zhijiandekongdi，ciduankongdidemudeshizaibimianyindaotitaikaojinbanbian，erkenengyujiqiqitabufenfashengduanludewenti，meiguoULzhianquanrenzheng，duicixiangmutebiejiangjiu。yibanbancaizhibaibianfencengdengquedianbukeshenruci“biandi”kuandudeyiban。26、Edge-Board contactbanbianjinshouzhishizhengpianbanziduiwailianluodechukou，tongchangduoshebanbianshangxiaduichengdeliangmianshang，kechajieyusuopipeidebanbianlianjieqizhong。27、Fan Out Wiring／Fan in Wiringshanchubuxian／shanrubuxianzhiQFPsizhouhandiansuoyinchudexianluyutongkongdengdaoti，shihantuolingjiannengyudianlubanwanchenghuliandegongzuo。youyujuxinghandianpailiefeichangjinmi，guqiduiwailianluobixuliyongjudianfangquanneihuojudianfangquanwaidekongdi，yishanxingfangshibuxian，weizhi“shanchu”huo“shanru”。gengqingbaoduanxiaodemijiPCB，kezaiwaicengduoanzhiyixiehandianyichengjiejiaoduolingjian，erjianghuliansuoxudebuxiancangdaoxiayicengqu。qibutongcengcijianhandianyuyinxiandexianjie，shiyidianneidemangkongzhijieliantong，wuxuzaizuoshanchushanrushibuxian，muqianxuduogaogongnengxiaoxingwuxiandianhuadeshoujiban，jicaicizhongxinshidediecengyubuxianfa。28、Fiducial Mark guangxuebabiao，jizhunxunhaozaibanmianshangweiliaoxiayouzuzhuang，fangbianqishijuefuzhuxitongzuoyeqijian，changdaxingICyubanmianzuzhuangweizhigehandianwaiyuandekongdishang，zaiqiyoushangjizuoxiagejiayigesanjiaode“guangxuebabiao”，yixiezhufangzhijijinxingguangxuedingwei，bianshiyili。erPCBzhichengweiliaodipianyubanmianzaifangweishangdeduizhun，yechangjiayouliangmeiyishangdejizhunjihao。29、Filletneiyuantianjiaozhiliangpingmianhuoliangzhixian，zaiqichuizhijiaodianchusuobutiandehuxingwueryan。zaidianlubanzhongchangzhilingjianyinjiaozhihandian，huobanmianTxinghuoLxingxianluqijiaodiandengzhineiyuantianbu，yizengqianggaichudejixieqiangjidianliuliutongdefangbian。30、Film dipianzhiyiyouxianlutuxingderuanpianeryan。tongchanghouduyou7milji4milliangzhong，qiganguangdeyaomoyouheibaideluhuayin，jizongsehuoqitayansedeoudanhuahewu，ciciyichengweiArtwork。31、Fine Line xixiananmuqiandejishushuizhun，kongjiansitiaoxianhuopingjunxiankuanzai5～6milyixiazhe，chengweixixian。32、Fine Pitchmijiaoju，mixianju，midianjufanjiaoju(Lead Pitch)dengyuhuoxiaoyu 0.635mm(25mil)zhe，chengweimiju。33、Finger shouzhi（banbianlianxupailiejiedian）zaidianlubanshangweinengshizhengpianzuzhuangbandegongnengdeyiduiwailianluoqijian，kecaiyongbanbian“yangshi“dedujinlianxujiedian，yichajiazailingyixitong”yinshi“lianxudechengjieqishang，shinengdadaoxitongjianxianghuliantongdemude。Fingerdezhengshimingchengshi“Edge-Board Contact"。34、Finishing zhongshi、zhongxiuzhigezhongzhichengpinzaiwaiguanshangdezuihouxiushihuoxiuzhenggongzuo，shichanpingengjumeiguan、baohu，jizhigandemude。Metal Finishingtezhijinshulingjianhuozhipin，qiwaibiaoshangweijiaqiangfangshigongnengjiguanertebiejiazuodechulicengeryan，rugezhongdianduceng、yangjichulipimo、youjiwuhuowujiwuzhituzhuangdeng，jieshuzhi。35、Form-to-List buxianshuomingqingdanshiyizhongzhishigezhongbuxiantixideshumianshuomingqingdan。36、Gerber Date，Gerber File gebodanganshimeishang Gerber gongsizhuanweidianlubanmianxianlutuxingyukongwei，suofazhanyixiliewanzhengderuantidangan。shejizhehuomaibanzidegongsi，kejiangmouyiliaohaodequanbutuxingziliaozhuanbiancheng Gerber File(zhengshixuemingshi“RS 274 geshi”)，jingyouModem zhijiechuansongdao PCB zhizaozheshouzhong，ranhoucongqizibeide CAM zhongshuchu，zaipeiheleishehuituji(Laser Plotter)deyunzuoxia，erdedaozuankong、ceshi、xianludipian、lvqidipian…shenzhixiayouzuzhuangdengjutizuoyeziliao，shide PCBzhizaozhekelijicongshidayanghuoshengchan，jieshengxuduogoutongjidengdaideshijian。cizhongdianluban“zhiqiangongcheng”gezhongziliaodediannaoruanti，muqianquanqiuyejiezhongjieyi Gerber Fileweibiaozhunzuoye。ciwaishangyou IPC-D-350D lingyitaoruantidekaifa，danmuqianrengweijianguangyong。37、Grid biaozhungezhidianlubanbuxiantuxingshidejibenjingweifanggeeryan，zaoqichangkuangejugewei 100 mil，nashiyi“jitidianlu”(IC)yinjiaodejiaojuweicankaoerdingde，muqianmijizuzhuangyishidecizhongGrid zaibijindao 50 mil shenzhi 25 mil。zuoluozaigezijiaodianshangzechengwei On Grid。38、Ground Plane Clearance jiedikonghuan“jitidianluqi”buguanshichuantong IC huoshi VLSI ，qijiedijiaohuodianyajiao，yuqijiediceng(GND)huojiedianyaceng(Vcc)dejiaokongjietonghou，zaiyi“yiziqiao”huo“shiziqiao”yuwaimiandedatongmianjinxinghulian。zhiyuchuancengerguowanquanbujiedatongmiandetongkong，zebixuquxiaorenheqiaoliangeryuwaidigejue。youweiliaobimianyinshoureerbianxingqijian，tongkongyudatongmianzhijianbixuliuchupengzhangsuoxudeshensuokonghuan(Clearance Ring，jituzhongzhibaihuan)。yinerkecongyizhiyinjiaosuojieliandecengci，jikepanduanchudaodishi GND huo Vcc liao。yibantongkongzhizuoruogezhanguanlibushandehua，jianghuifasheng“fenhongquan”，dancizhongfenhongquanzhiyingchuxianzaikonghuan(Clearance Ring)yineidekonghuan(Annular Ring)shang，erbuyinggaiyueguokonghuanrenpingqishentoudaodadishang，nayangjiutaiguofenliao。39、Ground plane(or Earth Plane) jiedicengshishuyuduocengbanneicengdeyizhongbanmian，tongchangduocengbandeyicengxianluceng，xuyaodapeiyicengdatongmiandejiediceng，yidangchengzhongduolingjiangonggonghuiludejiedi、zhebi(Shielding) 、yijisanre(Heatsinking)zhiyong。yichuantong TTL luojishuangpaijiaode IC weili，congqizhengmian(beimian)guankanshi，yiqiyiduanzhiquekoujihaochaoshang，qizuobianjiweidiyizhijiao(tongchangzaidiyijiaopangdebentiyehuidashangyigexiaoaoxianhuobaidianzuoweishibie)，anshunxushudaogaipaidezuihouyijiaojiwei“jiedijiao”。zaianfanshizhenfangxiangshudaolingyipaizuihouyijiao，jiushiyaojiedianyaceng(Power Plane)deyinjiao。40、Hole Density kongshumiduzhibanzizaidanweimianjizhongsuozuandekongshueryan。41、Indexing Hole jizhunkong、cankaokongzhidianlubanyuzhizaozhongzaibanjiaohuobanbianxianxingzuanchumouxiegongjukong，yidangchengqitayingxiangzhuanyi、zuankong、huoqiewaixing，yijiyahezhichengdejibencankaodian，chengwei Indexing Hole。qitashangyou Indexing Edge、Slot、Notch dengleisishuyu。42、Inspection Overlay taojiandipianshicaiyongbantoumingdexianluyinpianhuoyangpian(ru Diazozhizongpian、lvpianhuolanpiandeng)，keyongyitaozhunzaibanmianshangzuoweiduizhaomujiandegongju，cifakeyongyu“shoupishichanpin”(First Article)zhimujianyongtu。43、Key yuecao，dianjianqianzhezaidianlubanshangshizhijinshouzhiqumouyiweizhidekaicaoquekou，mudeshiweiliaoyulingyijuyinxinglianjieqideyipipei，zaichajieshibuzhinongfandeyizhongfangdaisheji，chengwei Keying Slot。houzheshizhiyoudanhuangjiediandemifengchukongshianjian，kezuoweidianxundekuaisujietongjitiaokaizhiyong。44、Land konghuanhandian、biaomian(fangxing)handianzaoqishangweituichu SMT zhiqian，chuantonglingjianyiqijiaochakonghanjieshi，qiwaicengbanmiandekonghuan,chuxuzuoweidaodianhulianzhizhongjizhan(Terminal)wai，shangkeyuyinjiaoxingchengqianggudezhuixinghandian。houlaibiaomianzhanzhuangshengxing,suogaicaidebanmianfangxinghandianyichengwei Land。cizisikeyiwei“hanhuan”huo“peiquan”huo“handian”，danruoyicheng“landao”huo“jiyan”zeweimiantailipuliao。45、Landless Hole wuhuantongkongzhimouxiemijizuzhuangdebanzi，youyubanmianxubuzhixuduoxianlujizhanzhuanglingjiandefangxinghandian，suoshengdekongdiyijinghenshao。youshiduiyibuzaiyongyuwaicengjiexianhuochahan，rujinzuoweicengjiandaodianyongdedaokong(Via Hole)shi，zekejiangqikonghuanqudiao，ernuochugengduodekongjianyongyibuxian，cizhongzhiyouneicengkonghuanerwuwaicengkonghuandetongkong，techengwei Landless Hole。46、Laser Photogenerator(LPG)，Laser Photoplotter leishepuguangjizhijieyongleishededanshupingxingguangzaipeihediannaodecaokong，yongyipuzhishengchan PCB deyuanshidipian(Master Artwork)，yidaitizaoqiyongshougongzhizuodeyuanshidaxingtiepian(Tape-up),jizaisuozhierchengdeyuanshidipian。cizhongyuanshidipiandeyunsongfeichangmafan,yidanyinwenshidufashengbianhua,zehuidaozhichengpinbanchicundechayi，jingmibanzidepinzhibijiangdashouyingxiang。rujinyikezikehuchuzhijiequdecidieziliao，peiheleishezhisaomiaopuguangjikededaojingliangdedipian，duidianlubandeshengchanjipinzhidudayouzhuyi。47、Lay Out buxian、bujuzhidianlubanzaishejishi，gecengcizhonggelingjiandeanpai，yijidaoxiandezouxiang、tongkongdeweizhidengzhengtidebujuchengwei Lay Out。48、Layer to Layer Spacing cengjianjulishizhiduocengbanliangtongbodaoticengzhijiandejuli，huozhijueyuanjiezhidehoudueryan。tongchangweiliaoxiaochubanmianxianglinxianlusuochanshengdezaxunqijian，qicengcijianjuzhongdejiezhiyaoyubaoyuhao，shisuoganyingchanshengdezaxundeyidaorujiedicengzhizhong。danruhebimianyinjiezhitaibaoeryinfadeloudian，jibaochibixudepingtandu，zeyoushilingliangxiangbuyikefudenanti。49、Master Drawing zhutushizhidianlubanzhizaoshanggezhongguigedezhuyaocankao，yejizaibanzigebuchicunjiteshudeyaoqiu，jisuchengde“lantu”，shipinjiandezhongyaoyiju。suoweiyiqieduyao“zhaotushigong”，chufeizaishouquanzheqianzirenkedejinyibuziliao(huodianbaohuochuanzhendeng)zhongkegenggaizhutuwai，zhutudequanweiguidingshiburonghuibide。qiyouxiandu(Priority)suibidingdanjitebieziliaoyaodi，danquebigezhongchengwende“guifan”(Specs)jixiguanzuofaduyaozhongyao。50、Metal Halide Lamp jinshulusudengdianshilusuzhongdeyizhong，dianzaigaowenxiarongyiyougutizhijie“shenghua”chengweiqiti。zaiyiwusifaguangtidebaichidengpaonei，ruojiangdianchongruqizhong，zezaigaowenzhonghuixingchengdianqi。cizhongdianqinenggoubozhuoyizhengfadewuyuanzierqihuaxuefanying，jianglingwuyuanzizaizhongxingchenluohuijudaowusishang，rucijiangkedafujianshaowusidexiaohao，erzengjiadengpaodeshouming。bingqiehuankejiaqiangqidianliuxiaolverzengqiangliangdu。yibanduoyongyuqichedeqiandeng、sheying、zhipianyushaibanganguangdengsuoxuzhiguangyuan。zhezhongdianqibaichidengyeshiyizhongbulianxuguangpudeguangyuan，qinengliangduojizhongzaiziwaiqude 410～430 nm deguangpudaizhong,rutonggongqidengyiyang，yebunengsuiyijiayikaiguan。danquekezaibugongzuoshigaiyongjiaodidenengliang，weichizanshibumiedexiugongzhuangtai，yibeixiacizaishiyongshi，jiangkededaoshunjiandelijifanying。51、Mil yingsishiyizhongweixiaodechangdudanwei，jiqianfenzhiyiying【0.001 in】zhiwei。dianlubangongyezhongchangyongyibiaoda“houdu”。cizizaijixieyejieyuanyiwei“yingsi”huojianchengwei“si”，qieyixingzhiyounian，xizuijibendexinghua。buguoyixiezaoqimeishang“anpeidianzi”dePCBcongyerenyuan，bumingjiuliyeweijiashenjiu，jingjiangzhiyulingyigongzhiweichangdudanweide“tiao”(ji10weimi) hunweiyitan。liuchuanzhijinyishidedabufenyejieshenzhixiayouzuzhuangyejie，zaiershiniandeyiechuanexia，zaoyigenshendigujifeichengshijishixianggaizhengyehenburongyiliao。zuirangrenbujiedeshi，lianjinshouzhidujincenghoududewei(m-in)，yebufenqinghongzaobaiyilvchengzhiwei“tiao”，shinaimomingqimiaozhiji。fanerdaludePCBjieduhuanyongfazhengque。ciwairuosangezimuquandaxiechengMILshi，zewei“meijun”Militarydejianxie，changyongyumeijunguifan(ruMIL -P-13949H,huoMIL-P-55110D)yumeijunbiaozhun(ruMIL-STD-202 deng)zhishumianhuokouyuzhong。52、Minimum Electrical Spacing dianxingjianjuxiaxian，zuizhaidianxingjianjuzhiliangdaotizhijian，zaimouyiguidingdianyaxia，yubimianqijianjiezhifashengbengkui(Break down) ，huoyufangzhifashengdianyun(Corona)qijian，qizuiqimayingjuyoudejuliweizhi“xiaxianjianju”。53、Mounting Hole anzhuangkongweidianlubanshangyizhongwudaodiangongnengdedulidakong，xijiangzuzhuangbansuolaozaijitijiagoushangeryongde。zhezhongzuoweijixieyongtudekong，chengwei“anzhuangkong”。ciciyezhijiangjiaozhongdelingjianyiluosisuozaibanzishangyongdejixiekongeryan。54、Mounting Holezuzhuangkong，jizhuangkongshiyongluosihuoqitajinshukoujian，jiangzuzhuangbansuolaogudingzaijiqidizuohuowaikedegongjukong，weizhijing 160milzuoyoudedakong。cizhongzuzhuangkongzaoqijuncailiangmiandaxingkonghuanyukongtongbizhiPTH，houweifangzhikongbizaibohanzhongzhanxieryingxiangluosichuanguoqijian，xinshishejitejiangdakonggaicheng“feidutongkong”(zaiPTHzhiqianyuyizhegaihuodutongzhihouzaizuanercikong) ，eryuzhouweihuankuanshanglingzuoshugexiaoxingtongkongyiqianghuakonghuanzaibanmiandeguzhuoqiangdu。youyuNPTHshifenmafan，jinlaiSMTbanshangyeyoujiangdakongzhigaihuiPTHzhe，qiliangmiankonghuanduobanbuxiangtong，changjianghanjiemiandedahuanquxiaoergaichengjigedulidexiaohuan，huogaichengmatixingbuwanzhengdedahuan，huokuochongmianjichengyixingdatongmian，jianzuoweijiedizhiyong。55、Negative fupian，zuanjiandiyimianwaiyuanbianzhaishizhigezhongdipianshang(ruheibairuanpian、zongseruanpianjibolidipiandeng)，daotixianludetuanshiyitoumingquchengxian，erwudaotizhijicaibufenzechengxianweianqu(jiruanpianshangdeheisehuozongsebufen) ，yizuzhiziwaiguangdetouguo。cizhongdipianweizhifupian。you，ciziyizhizuantouzhizuanjian，qilianggediyimianwaiyuanyinbudangzhongmoerbianzhaideqingxing。56、Non-Circular Land feiyuanxingkonghuanhandianzaoqidianlubanshangdelingjianjieyitongkongchazhuangweizhu，zaitiankonghanxihouwanchenghulian(Interconnection)degongneng。mouxietijijiaodahuozhongliangjiaozhongdelingjian，weishizaibanmianshangdehanjieqiangdugenghaoqijian，keyijiangqikongwaizhihuanxinghandianbianda，yiqianghuahanhuandefuzhuoli，jixingchengjiaodadezhuizhuanghandian。cizhongdahaodehandianzaidanmianbanshangyouweichangjian。57、Pad Masteryuandiandipianshizaoqikehugongyingdegeyuanshidipianzhiyizhong，zhijinyou“kongwei”deheibai“zhengpian”。qizhongmeiyigeheiseyuandianzhongxinduyouxiaodianliubai，shizuowei“chengshidadaiji”xunzhaozhunquekongweizhiyong。gaiPad Masterwanchengkongweichengshidaizhizuozhihou，huanyaojiangmeiyiyuandianzhongxindeliubaidian，yirengongfangshiyuyituheizaifanchengfupian，jichengweilvqidipian。rujinshejizheyijiangbanzishanggezhongsuoxude“zhuyuanyuchidu”duzuochengGerber Filedecipian，zhijieshurudaoCAMjileishehuitujizhong，jikededaosuoxudedipian，budanjieshengrenlierqiepinzhiyedafutisheng。futujiweixinshiPad Masterdipiandeyijiao，shiliangmeidaxingICsuojiechazuodekongwei。58、Padhandian，yuandiancizizaidianlubanzuiyuanshideyisi，shizhilingjianyinjiaozaibanzishangdehanjiejidi。zaoqitongkongchazhuangshidai，xibiaoshiwaicengbanmianshangdekonghuan。1985nianhoudeSMTshidai，ciziyizhibanmianshangdefangxinghandian。buguociziyichangbeiyinshendaoqitaxiangguandefangmian，runeicengbanmianshangshangweizuankongchengweikonghuandegeyuandianhuoxiaoyuanpan，yejieyetongchangjiaozuoPad；cizikeyuLandtongyong。59、Panelzhichengbanshizhizaigezhanzhichengzhongsuoliutongdedaizhiban。qiyipianPanelzhongkenenghanyouhaojipian“chengpinban“(Board)。cideng”zhichengban“dedaxiao，zaimeizhanzhongyebuyidingxiangtong，ruyahezhanzhiPanelbanmiankenenghen，dadanweiliaoshiyingzuankongjidemeiyizuanzhouzuoyeqijian，zhihaocaichengyibanhuosifenzhiyidePanel Size。dangchengpinbandemianjihenxiaoshi，qimeiyiPanelzhongzekepairuduopiandeBoard。tongchangPanel Sizeyudazeshengchanyujingji。60、Patternbanmiantuxingchangzhidianlubanmiandedaotituxinghuofeidaotituxingeryan，dangranduidipianhuolantushangdexianlutuan，yekechengweiPattern。61、Photographic Filmganguangchengxiangzhidipianshizhidianlubanshangxianlutuandeyuanshizaiti，yejiushisuchengde“dipian”(Art Work)。changyongdeyouMylarshiruanpianjibolibanzhiyingpian。qizheguangtuandebaomocaizhi，youheisedeluhuayin(Silver halid)jizongsedeoudanhuahewu(Diazo)。qianzhejihukedangzhugezhongguangxian，houzhezhinengdangzhu550nmyixiadeziwaiguang。erbochangzai550nmyishangdekejianguang，duiganmoyijingbuhuifashengganguangzuoyong，guqigongzuoqukecaiyonghuangguangzhaoming，biqiluhuayinheibaidipianzhinengzaianhongguangxiazuoye，dequeyaofangbiandeduoliao。62、Photoplotter， Plotterguangxuehuitujishiyiyidongxingduogudanshuguangzhipuguangfa，daitichuantonggudingdianzhuangguangyuanzhishunjianquanmianxingpuguangfa。zaishuweihuajidiannaofuzhuzhishejixia，PCBshejizhekejiangyuanshizhikonghuan、handian、buxianjichicundengjingmiziliao，shurudiannaozaiGerber Filexitongxia，shounayuyipiancipianzhinei。dianlubanshengchanzhededaocipianhou，jikeliyongCAMjiguangxuehuitujideyunzuoerdedaochicunjingzhundedipian，mianyuyunsongzhongzaochengdipiandebianxing。youyuputongguangyuanshidePhotoplotterquedianshenduo，guyizaotaotai。xianzaiyejieyiyilvshiyongleisheguangyuanzuoweihuituji。yichengweishangpinzheyoupingtaishi(Flat Bed)、neiyuantongshi(Inner drum)、waiyuantongshi(Outer Drum)，jidanduquyushidengbutongchengxiangfangshidejizhong。qidengyigeyouyouquedian，shixiandaiPCBchangbibeidegongju。yekeyongyuqitaganguangchengxiangdegongzuolingyu，ruLCD、PCMdenggongyezhong。63、Phototooldipianyibanduozhioudanzongpian(Diazo film)，kezaihuangsezhaomingxiagongzuo，biqizhinengzaihongguangxiagongzuodeheibailuhuayindipianyaofangbianyixie。64、Pinjiejiao，chashao，chazhenzhidianlubankongzhongsuochazhuangdeduxilingjianjiao，huodujinzhichazhendeng。kezuoweijixiezhichijidaodianhulianyongchu，shizaoqidianlubanchakongzuzhuangdemeijiewu。qizonghengzhijianju(Pitch)zaoqidaduogongdingwei100 mil，yizuoweidianlubanjigezhonglingjianzhizaodeyiju。65、Pitchkuaju，jiaoju，dianju，xianjuPitchchuncuishizhibanmianliang“danyuan”zhongxinjianzhiyuanjinjuli，PCByemeishibiaodachangyongmil pitch，jizhilianghandianzhongxinxianjiandekuajumileryan。 PitchyuSpacingbutong，houzhetongchangshizhiliangdaotijiande“gelibanmian”，shimianjierfeichangdu。66、PlottingbiaohuiyijixiefangshijiangX、Yzhizhongduozuobiaoshujuzaipingmianzuobiaoxitongzhong，miaohuichengshijixianlutudezuoyeguocheng，bianchengweiPlothuoPlotting。muqiandipiandezhizuoyifangqizaoqidetushoutietu(Tape up)，ergaiyong“guangxuehuitu”fangshiwanchengdipian，budanjieshengrenli，erqiepinzhigenghao。67、Polarizing Slotpiancaozhibanbianjinshouzhiqudekaicao，yibanguyijiangkaicaodeweizhifangpian，yibimianyinzuoyouduichengerkenengchafan，cizhongweiquebaozhengquechajieerjiakaidefangxiangcao，yichengweiKeying Slot。68、Process Camerazhichengyongzhaoxiangjishizuodipian(Artwork)fangda、suoxiao，huocongtiepian(Tape up)zhijiezhaoxiangerdedaodipiandezhuanyongxiangji。qizuchengyousandajianzhiliyukeyidongdeguidaoshangqiebicipingxing，jituzhongyouduandeyuanshitiepianhuomupianjia、jingtou，yijizuoduandaichengxiangdezipianjiadeng。zheshizaoqishengchandipiandefangshi，muqianyijinbudaoshuweihua，zikehuqudedecidie，jingyoudiannaoruantijidianshehuitujidegongzuoxia，jikezhijiededaoyuanshidipian，yiwuxuzaiyongdaozhaoxiangjiliao。69、Production Mastershengchandipianzhi1：1kezhijieyongyishengdianlubandeyuancundipianeryan，zhiyugexiangzhuyuandechicunyugongcha，zexulinglieyuzhutushang (Master Drawingyijilantu)。70、Reference Dimensioncankaochidu，cankaochicunjingongcankaoziliaoyongdechidu，yinweishegongchagubunengdangchengzhengshishigongjipinjiandegenju。71、Reference Edgecankaobianyuanzhibanbianbanjiaoshangmoudaotizhiyigebianyuan，kezuoweiquanbanchicundeliangcecankaoyong，youshiyezhimouyiteshujianbiejihaoeryan。72、Register Markduizhunyongbiaojizhidipianshanghuobanmianshang，gebiankuanghuogejiaoluosuoshedingdeteshubiaoji，yongyijianchabencenghuogecengzhijiandeduizhunqingxing，tushizhejiweiliangzhongchangyongdeduizhunbiaoji。qizhongtongxinyuanxingzhekezaiduocengbanmeicengdebanbianhuobanjiaochu，yixubaishebutongzhijingdeyuanhuan，dengyahehouzhiyaojianchasuo“saochu”(jixichu)lititongxinyuanzhitaozhunqingxing，jikepanduanqicengjianduizhundudehaohuai。73、Registrationduizhundudianlubanmiangezhongdaotizhishijiweizhi，yuyuanshidipianhuoyuanshishejizhiyuandingweizhi，qiliangzhezhijianbijindechengdu，weizhi“ Registration”。daluyejieyiwei“zhonghedu”。“duizhundu”kezhimouyibanmiandedaotiyuqidipianzhiduizhunchengdu；huozhiduocengbanzhi“cengjianduizhundu” (Layer to Layer Registration)，jieweiPCBdezhongyaopinzhi。74、Revisionxiuzhengban，gaidingbanzhiguifanhuochanpinshejizhixiuzhengbanbenhuobanci，tongchangshizaiqidaihaozhihoujiashangdaxiedeyingwenzimuzuoweixiudingshunxuzhibiaoshi。75、Schemetic Diagramdianlugailuetuliyonggezhongfuhao、dianxinglianjie、lingjianwaixingdeng，suohuachengdexitongxianlubujugaiyaotu。76、Secondary Sidediermiancijidianlubanzaoqiyuanyoushuyuzhi“hanximian” (Solder Side)。yinzaoqizaichakonghanjielingjianshi，suoyoulingjianduzhuangzaidiyimian (huochengComponent Side;zujianmian)，diermianzezhizuoweibohanjiechuyongtu，guchengweihanximian。daijinnianlaiyinSMTbiaomianzhanzhuangxingqi，qizhengfanliangmianduzhuangyouhenduolingjian，gubuyizaixuchengweihanximian，eryi“diermian”jiaoqiadang。77、Slot, Slottingcaokou，kaicaozhi PCBbanbianhuobanneimouchu，weipeihezuzhuangzhixuqiu，erxujinxing“kaicao”yizuoweipipei，weizhicaokou。zaijinshouzhibanbianzhe，yechengwei“piancao”huo“dingweicao”(Polarising Slot or Locating Slot)，shiguyikaipianyibimianjinshouzhiyinshijietoudechafan。78、Solder Damxidizhihandianzhouweiyoulvqihoudusuoxingchengdedian，kefangzhigaowenzhongrongxiliudongsuozaochengzhiduanlu，tongchangyiganmoshidefanghanmojiaoyixingcheng Solder Dam。79、Solder Plugxisai，xizhuzhizaibohanzhongyongrudutongkongneidehanxi，lengquehoujiliuzaikongzhongchengweidaotideyibufen，chengwei“xisai”。ruokongzhongyiyouchajiedelingjianjiaoshi，zexisaihuanjuyou“hanjiedian”degongyong。zhiyumuqianyibanbuzaiyongyuchajie，erzhizuohulianmudezhi PTH，zeduoyigaichengzhijingzai20 milyixiadexiaokong，chengzhiweidaotongkong (Via Hole)。cidengxiaokongdeliangduanduyigaimanhuosaimanlvqi，zuzhizhuhanjijirongxidejinru，zhezhongdaotongkongdangranjiubuhuizaiyou Solder Plugliao。80、Solder Sidehanximianzaoqidianlubanzuzhuangwanquanyitongkongchazhuangweizhuliu，banzizhengmian(jilingzujianmian)changyonglaichazhuanglingjian，qibuxianduoan“banheng”fangxiangpailie。banzifanmianzeyongyipeiheyinjiaotongguobohanjidexibo，guchengwei“hanjiemian”，cimianxianluchangan“banchang”fangxiangbuxian，yishuncongxibozhiliudong。cicizhiqitachenghushangyou Secondary Side， Far Sidedeng。81、Spacingjianjuzhiliangpingxingdaotijianqijueyuankongdizhikuandueryan，tongchangjiang“jianju”yu“xianlu”erzhehechengwei“xiandui”(Line Pair)。82、Spankuajuzhiliangteshumubiaodianzhijiansuohangaidekuandu，huomouyimubiaodianyucankaodianzhijiandejuli。83、Spurdipiantuxingbianyuantuchuzhidipianshangdetoumingquhuoheianqudexianlutuxing，dangqibianyuanjiexiangbuliangfashengmohubuqingshi，changchuxianbudangdetuchudian，chengweiSpur。84、Step and Repeatzhucizhongfupuguangmianjihenxiaodedianlubanweiliaoshengchanfangbianqijian，zaidipianzhizuojieduanchangjiangtongyituanzhongfupailiechengjiaodadedipian。xishiyongyizhongteshude Step and Repect shipuguangji，jiangtongyixiaoxingtuanzhucijubupuguangzaibinglianchengweiyigedadipian，zaiyongyijinxingliangchan。85、Supported Hole(jinshu)zhizhutongkongzhizhengchangdedutongkong(PTH)，jijuyoujinshukongbidezuankong。yibandushenglueqianmiande“zhichixing”ziyan。yuanyishizhikedaodianjitigongyinjiaohanjieyongtudetongkong。86、Tabjiedian，jinshouzhizaidianlubanshangshizhibanbianxiliejiediandejinshouzhieryan，weiyizhongfeizhengshideshuofa。87、Tape Up Masteryuanshishoutiepianzaoqidianlubanzhidipian，bingfeishiyong CAD/CAMjileishehuitujisuozhizuo，ershicaigezhongzhuanyongdeheise“tiejian” (ruxianlu、yuandian、jinshouzhidengchicunqiquanzhizhuanyongpin，yiBishopzhichanpinzuiweiguangyong)，zaifangyanzhishangyishougongtiechengzuiyuanshide“tiepian”(Tape Up Master)，zaiyongzhaoxiangjisuozhaochengdiyidaideyuanshidipian (Master Artwork)。shiyunianqianribenyouxuduodianlubandeshoutiepiangongzuo，jiyikongyunlaiwangtaiwanxunqiudaigong。jinnianlaiyouyudiannaodefadayujingzhun，zaoyiqudaishougongdezuofaliao。88、Terminal Clearanceduanzikonghuan，duanziranghuanzaineicengbanzhijiedi(Ground)huodianya(Power)liangcengdatongmianshang，dang“dutongkong”yucongneicengbanzhongchuanguoeryoubuyulianjieshi，zekexianjiangkongweichudetongmianshidiao，erliuchujiaodadeyuanxingkongdi，zedangPTHtongkongbiwanchengshi，qiwaiweiziranhuichuxianyiwei“konghuan”。lingwaizaiwaicengbanmianshangjiayinlvqishi，gedaihanzhikonghuanzhouweiyeyaorangchu“huanzhuangkongdi”，bimianlvqizhanwuhanhuanshenzhijinkong。zheliangzhong“konghuan”yekechengwei“Terminal Clearance”。89、Terminalduanziguangyishangsuoshuode“duanzi”，shizhizuoweidianxinglianjiedegezhongzhuangzhihuolingjian。dianlubanshangdexiayiyongfashizhineiwaicengdegezhongkonghuan(Annumlar Ring)eryan。tongyicishangyouPad、Land、Terminal Area、 Terminal Pad、 Solder Paddeng。90、Thermal Reliefsanreshizuokongbuguanshizaineiwaicengbanshangdedatongmian，qilianxuwanzhengdemianjijiebukeguoda，yimianbanzizaigaowenzhong(ruhanjie)，yinbancaiyutongpizhijianpengzhangxishudechayierzaochengbanqiao、fuli，huoqipaodengmaobing。yibankezaidatongmianshangcai“wangqiupai”shidezuokong，yijianshaorechongji。ciciyichengwei HalfonninghuoCrosshatchingdeng。ULguidingzaiqirenzhengde“huangka”zhong，xuyaodengzaizaibanzishangzuidatongmiandezhijing，jishiyizhonganquandekaolv。91、Thermal Viadaorekong，sanrekongshifenbuzaigaogonglv(ru5Wyishang)daxinglingjian (ruCPUhuoqitaqudongIC)fudibanmianshangdetongkong，cidengtongkongbujudaodianhuliangongnengzhizuosanreyongtu。youshihuanhuiyujiaodadetongmianlianjie，yizengjiazhijiesanredexiaoguo。cidengsanrekongdui Zfangxiangreyinglijuyoushuhuandezuoyong。jingmiDaught Cardde 8 cengxiaoban，huozaimouxieBGAshuangmianbanshang，jiuchangyouzhezhonggedianpailiedesanrekong，yuliangmiandujinde“sanrezuo”dengsheji。92、Throwing Powerfenbulidangdiandujinxingshi，yinchuzaiyinjidegongzuowushouqiwaixingdeyingxiang，zaocheng“yuanshidianliufenbu” (Primary Current Distribution)degaodibujun，erchuxianducenghoududechayi。cishikouzaicaoyezhongtianjiagezhongyoujizhuji(ruguangzeji、zhengpingji、runshijideng)，shiyinjibiaomianyuanyouzhigaodianliuquyu，zaigezhongyoujiwudeyingxiangxia，duiyuanbenkuaisuzenghoudeducengyouyizhongjianhuanzuoyong，congerdeyilajinyudidianliuquyuzaiduhoushangdechayi。zhezhongcaoyezhongyoujitianjiajiduiyinjiduhoufenbudegaishannengli，chengweicaoyede“fenbuli”，shiyizhongxugaodupeihedefuzashiyanjieguo。dangshishidianjiezhichengweiyangjichulishi，zeci“fenbuli”yiciyeshiyongyuguazaiyangjidegongzuowu。rulvjiandeyangjichuli，jiushichangjiandelizi。93、Thermo-Viadaorekongzhidianlubanshangzhidaxing IC denggaogonglvlingjian，zaigongzuozhonghuifashengduoliangdereneng，zuzhuangbanbixuyaojiangciewaidereliangyuyipaisan，yimiansunjigaidianzishebeideshouming。qizhongyizhongjiandandesanrefangfa，jiushiliyongbiaomianzhanzhuangdaxing ICdedizuobancaikongdi，keyilingjiazhizuoPTH，jiangdaxingICsuofadere，zhijieyinzhibanzibeimiandedatongmianshang，yijinxingsanre。cizhongzhuanyongyuchuanreerbudaodiandetongkong，chengwei Thermo-Via。94、Tie Barfenliutiaozaidianlubangongyezhongshizhibanmianjingshikededaodulixianluhou，ruohuanxuzaizuojinyibudiandushi，xuyuxianjiashedaodiandelujingcainengjixujinxing。liruyujinshouzhiqudetongmianshang，zaijinxingduniedujinshi，zhinengkaotebieliuxialaide Bus Bar( huiliutiao)ji Tie Bar qujietonglaiziyinjigandedianliu。cilinshidaodianyongdeliangzhong“gongjuxianlu”，zaibanziwangonghoujunjiangzibanbianyuyiqiechu。95、Tooling Featuregongjubiaodewushizhidianlubanzaigezhongzhizuojizuzhiguochengzhong，yongyidingwei、duizhun、cankaozhigezhongbiaozhiwu。rugongjukong、cankaodian、caiqiedian、cankaoxian、dingweikong、dingweicao、duizhunjihaodeng，zongchengwei“gongjuyongbiaodewu”。96、Tracexianlu、daoxianzhidianlubanshangyibandaoxianhuoxianlueryan，tongchangbingbubaokuotongkong、dadi，handianjikonghuandeng。yuanwenzhongdangcheng“xianlu”yongdeshuyushangyouTrack、Line、 Line Run、Conductordeng。97、Trim Linecaiqiexiandianlubanchengpindewaiwei，zaiqiewaixingshisuoyingzunxundebianjiexianchengwei Trim Line。98、True Positionzhenweizhidianlubankongweihuobanmiangezhongbiaodewu(Feature)，qidengzaishejishangsuozuoluodelilunweizhi，chengweizhenwei。danyouyugezhongtuxingzhuanyiyijijixiejiagongzhichengdeng，bumianduyincangzhuowuchagongcha，bukenengmeipianduhenzhunque。dangbanzizaiwangongshi，zhiyao“biaode”rengchuyuzhenweisuoyaoqiuyuanmianjidebanjinggongchafanweinei(True Position Tolerance)，erbuyingxiangzuzhuangjizhongduangongnengshi，zeqipinzhijikeyunshou。99、Unsupported Holefeidutongkongzhibuzuodaotonghuochazhuanglingjianyongtu，youwudutongkongbizhizuankongeryan，tongchangcidengNPTHkongjingduobanhenda，ru 125 milzhisuoluosikongjishi。100、Via Holedaotongkongzhidianlubanshangzhizuoweidaodianhulianyongtu，erbuzaichahanlingjianjiaozhi PTH eryan。cidengdaotongkongyouguanchuanquanbande“quantongdaokong”(Through Via Hole)、youzhijietongzhibanmianerweiquanbuguanchuande“mangdaokong”(Blind Via Hole)、youbuyubanmianjietongquemaicangzaibancaineibuzhi“maitongkong”(Buried Via Hole)deng。cidengfuzadejubutongkong，shiyizhucilianxuyahefa(Sequential Lamination) suozhizuowanchengde。ciciyechangjianchengwei“Via”。101、Voltage Plane Clearancedianyacengdekonghuandangdutongkongxuchuanguoduocengbanzhineicangdianyaceng，erbuyuyuzhijiechushi，kezaidianyacengdetongmianshangxianxingshikechuyuanxingkongdi，yahehouzaiyucishaodadekongdishangzuanchujiaoxiaodekong，bingjixuwanchengPTH。cishiqiguanzhuangkongtongbiyudianyacengdatongmianzhijian，jiyouyiquankonghuancunzaierdeyijueyuan，chengzhiweiClearance。102、Voltage Planedianyacengshizhidianlubanshangqudonggezhonglingjiangongzuosuoxudedianya，kejieyoubanmianyizhonggonggongtongdaotiquyuyigonggei，huoduocengbanzhongyiyigecengcizuoweidianyaceng，rusicengbandeliangneicengzhiyijiushidianyaceng(ru5Vhuo 12V)，yibanyiVccfuhaobiaoshi。lingyicengshijiediceng (Groung Plane)。tongchangduocengbandedianyacengchugonggeilingjiansuoxudedianyawai，yejianzuosanre (Heat Sinking)yupingzhang(Shielding)zhigongneng。103、Wiring Patternbuxiantuxingzhidianlubanshejishangzhi“buxian”tuxing，yuCircuitry Pattern、 Line Run Patterndengtongyi。104、Working Mastergongzuomupianzhibiliwei1：1daxiao，nengyongyudianlubanshengchandedipian，bingkezhijiezaifanzhichengshengchanxianshangdeshijishiyongdedipian，zhezhongyuanshidipianchengzhi Working Master。CAD Computer Aided Design ; diannaofuzhushejiCAE Computer Aided Engineering ; diannaofuzhugongchengCAM Computer Aided Manufacturing ; diannaofuzhuzhizaoMLB Multilayer Board ; duocengban (zhiPCBdeduocengban)PCB Printed Circuit Board; yinshuadianluban(yizuoPWB，qizhongjianweiWiring，buguomuqianyigengjianchengwei Printed Board。dalushuyuwei“yinzhidianluban”)SMOBC Solder Mask Over Bare Copper ; lvqizhijieyinyuluotongbanshang (jipenxiban)。liaojiegengduo“budancunkuantongbizengchang12.66%，erqiedaikuanzengsudadao15.50%，weiju6gejingjidashengdiyi、quanguodier！”jinqi，sichuansheng2023nian1yuexindaishujuchulu，yanxuliaoduoyuedecundailiangwangzoushiyiranqiangshi，piaoliangdishixianliaoxinyinianxindaitoufang“kaimenhong”。anzhaojihua，jinniansichuanshengnixinzengdaikuan1.3wanyiyuan。
道(Dao)富(Fu)银(Yin)行(Xing)EMEA宏(Hong)观(Guan)策(Ce)略(Lue)主(Zhu)管(Guan)Timothy Graf在(Zai)谈(Tan)到(Dao)油(You)价(Jia)上(Shang)涨(Zhang)对(Dui)经(Jing)济(Ji)的(De)影(Ying)响(Xiang)时(Shi)表(Biao)示(Shi)：
锄丑别苍驳蝉耻辞飞别颈谤颈箩颈耻蝉丑别苍驳辩颈苍驳，肠丑补辞虫颈虫颈补苍驳肠丑耻锄丑颈虫颈补，补颈辩颈苍驳诲别锄丑辞苍驳锄颈蝉丑别苍驳驳别苍蹿补测补。2022苍颈补苍，苍辞苍驳测别测颈苍虫颈苍驳箩颈苍驳虫颈肠丑补1.90%，箩颈补辞蝉丑补苍驳苍颈补苍虫颈补箩颈补苍驳22叠笔。
这(窜丑别)样(驰补苍驳)的(顿别)案(础苍)例(尝颈)，实(厂丑颈)际(闯颈)上(厂丑补苍驳)比(叠颈)比(叠颈)皆(闯颈别)是(厂丑颈)。例(尝颈)如(搁耻)深(厂丑别苍)蓝(尝补苍)汽(蚕颈)车(颁丑别)的(顿别)新(齿颈苍)消(齿颈补辞)息(齿颈)，华(贬耻补)为(奥别颈)的(顿别)新(齿颈苍)消(齿颈补辞)息(齿颈)，比(叠颈)亚(驰补)迪(顿颈)的(顿别)新(齿颈苍)消(齿颈补辞)息(齿颈)。
最后，小楠想说，无论余嘉豪最终做出何种选择，我们都应该尊重并理解他的决定。因为在这个充满变数的篮球世界里，每个人都是自己命运的主宰。希望余嘉豪能够勇敢追梦，不负韶华；也希望中国篮球能够涌现出更多像他一样的年轻才俊，共同书写中国篮球的新篇章！今日，“中字头”股票盘中迎来一次集体爆发。...在美国成为高中生。然而,她的父亲欠了一身债,她也...我今年十六岁了前天刚被破处听说破处很疼, - 医疗科普...
一个实用主义玩家的二手车购车心得首发2023-10-08 11:14·关山乐2023有那么几款老车一直是会让我心底发痒的存在第一款是第二代别克君越这款车10年左右的二手车目前的行情的价格在2万左右这款别克君越无论是外观还是内饰都将稳重、大气、豪华、舒适这几个词的内涵诠释的相当到位行驶的静谧性、厚重感、滤震的舒适性都非常棒但这款车除去油耗比较高之外还有一个槽点就是有着金属搅拌机之称的通用6at变速箱根据网上的信息这款通用6AT有很大概率在10万公里以后出现顿挫挂挡不走等问题如果不及时解决就会导致变速箱更严重的内部问题所以这也成为了选购这一款君越时的一大痛点不过10年左右的2.0T车型采用的是爱信6AT应该是一个不错的选择第二款是奥迪A6L10年左右的价格在3万左右这款车吸引我的最主要的一个点自然是奥迪四个圈的车标给驾驶者带来的心理SPA开着这款车会很自然的产生一种心理上的满足感这种感觉是长久以来奥迪作为豪华品牌所构建的品牌文化的社会影响在人心中所产生的一种投射当然这款车本身的驾驶品质舒适性也非常合格车内空间也非常大实用性也不错但这款车无论是2.4L还是2.0T都存在烧机油的问题这就给后期的使用和维护造成了很多麻烦这也是选择这款老车的最大痛点第三款则是一款SUV——沃尔沃的XC9010年左右的车型价格在2到4万不等其实十几年以前的进口大型SUV玩起来经济性都非常差首先排量就放在那譬如Q711年以前的车型价格在4到6万不等全部都是3.6的排量再譬如昂科雷10年左右的车型价格在2万元左右也全部都是3.6的排量另外还有途锐10年左右的有3.2和3.6两种排量这些十几年前的进口SUV排量都在3.0以上基本一年车船税就得3000左右是一笔不小的开支这些车之中途锐的价格是最为坚挺的基本10年左右的途锐二手价格还能在5万左右甚至05、06年的途锐车况好的价格也在4万左右也就是说对于途锐这款车无论什么年份基本4万元已经是这款车底价了同年限Q7的价格基本比途锐要贵1万元左右昂科雷则彻底拉胯基本快到了白送都没人要的地步想想也确实体型巨大的昂科雷日常使用不如途锐便捷别克的品牌调性也不能给车主带来任何心理上的满足感纯纯一个大铁桶的感觉其归宿基本跟来款的GL8一样后期只能被有一定拉货需求的人当做一个拉货的工具了但3.6排量所带来的的养护费用又高的吓人所以作为货车使用性价比也极低想来想去基本只能卖废铁了另外还有一款当年的进口中大型SUV就是沃尔沃的XC90XC90当年有三个排量2.9T、2.5T、3.2L2.9T口碑最差也是最早停产的2.5T车型采用的是5AT变速箱3.2L采用的是6AT变速箱从驾驶体验来说3.2L的加速线性是最好的但2.5T的车型一年车船税大概900元3.2的车船税则需要2400元老XC90的内饰在10几年前看就已经非常落后了对于二手车玩家来说这是一笔不小的节省毕竟这种老车对于我来说并不是作为日常的代步工具而是只作为一种情怀的寄托和一种用来各种戳弄着玩的玩具老款XC90的驾驶体验还是非常不错的底盘紧凑厚重高速的形式质感非常稳重给人一种安全感另外沃尔沃作为一个经营多年调性独特的豪华品牌也能给驾驶者带来一种心理上的满足感除了高达16 18升的百公里油耗外沃尔沃的后期维修费用也是让人打退堂鼓的地方所以目前看这三款车对于我一个实用主义至上的老车玩家来说目前最为实用的选择应该是别克君越首先价格是这三款车中最便宜的其次君越的外观内饰也是这几款车中看着最不落伍的还有10年君越的配置也是这三款车中最高的倒车影像这一项实用又安全的配置10年的A6L和10年的沃尔沃XC90就没有而且君越还有哈曼卡顿音响座椅通风加热等舒适性配置如果真的要作为一辆日常能兼顾家用的车来使用的话君越无疑是最为实用的我以前玩过两辆老车一辆2002年的帕萨特B51.8T；一辆2004年的马自达62.3L基本上每辆车购入后使用一年跑不了3000公里然后卖掉各种费用（维修、保险、油费）加起来合计玩一辆老车一年的成本在1~1.5万元左右作为一个业余的二手车玩家很难像二手车贩子一样一边玩车一边还能赚钱举个例子当年的帕萨特B5购入价格1.8万一年后行车电脑主板坏了维修需要2000多元不维修直接卖掉卖了8000块钱马自达6购入价格8000元一年后气门室缸垫渗漏严重不维修直接卖掉卖了3000元购买二手车后整备的费用是一定要留出来来的基本上玩一辆老车一年拿出1万的费用是起码的如果你没有做好经济上的准备那么还是慎重一点吧这一点既告诫大家也告诫自己生活不易往往枯燥乏味大家都想找点乐趣只是玩车这件事真的挺烧钱的