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2024年12月27日，2、“晒红绿”
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临床医学翻译-解剖学词汇 -海历阳光临床医学翻译服务2019-05-09 15:36·海历阳光翻译北京海历阳光翻译是一家专业医学翻译公司在医学翻译领域有丰富的翻译经验立足北京并致力于在上海、大连、广州、等地提供医学翻译服务公司整合了各地的资源并在北京、上海、广州等地建立了翻译公司分部以依托外资开发当地的翻译市场海历阳光翻译公司的翻译人员都有着优秀的翻译水平公司的所有翻译均有着深厚的行业背景和翻译经验对所翻译的行业有着深刻的理解从而能够确保翻译项目的质量公司致力于为每位客户提供专业快速的翻译服务并成为沟通世界与中国的桥梁临床医学翻译之英汉人体解剖学基本词汇systematic anatomy系统解剖学regional anatomy（topographic anatomy·）局部解剖学anatomical position解剖学姿势superior上inferior下anterior前posterior后medial内侧lateral外侧superficial浅deep深internal 内external外proximal近侧distal远侧vertical axis垂直轴sagittal axis矢状轴coronal axis（frontal axis）冠状轴（额状轴）sagittal plane矢状面coronal plane（frontal plane）冠状面（额状面）horizontal plane（transverse plane）水平面（横切面）I.Locomotor System运动系统1.Bony System (Osteology）骨学long bone长骨short bone短骨flat bone扁骨irregular bone不规则骨sesamoid bone籽骨compact bone（dense bone）骨密质cancellous bone（spongy bone）骨松质diploe板障periosteum骨膜bone marrow骨髓(1)Bones of Trunk躯干骨vertebrae椎骨cervical vertebrae颈椎thoracic vertebrae胸椎lumbar vertebrae腰椎sacrum骶骨coccyx尾骨atlas寰椎axis枢椎vertebra prominens隆椎sternum胸骨rib肋骨costal cartilage肋软骨(2)Skull颅frontal bone额骨ethmoid bone筛骨sphenoid bone蝶骨parietal bone顶骨temporal bone颞骨occipital bone枕骨maxilla上颌骨zygomatic bone颧骨palatine bone腭骨nasal bone鼻骨lacrimal bone泪骨inferior nasal concha下鼻甲vomer犁骨mandible下颌骨hyoid bone舌骨(3)Bones of Upper Limb上肢骨clavicle锁骨scapula肩胛骨humerus肱骨ulna尺骨radius桡骨scaphoid bone手舟骨lunate bone月骨triquetral bone三角骨pisiform bone豌豆骨trapezium bone大多角骨trapezoid bone小多角骨capitate bone头状骨hamate bone钩骨metacarpal bones掌骨phalanges指骨(4)Bones of Lower Limb下肢骨hip bone髋骨ilium髂骨ischium坐骨pubis耻骨femur股骨patella髌骨tibia胫骨fibula腓骨talus距骨calcaneus跟骨navicular bone足舟骨medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone中间楔骨lateral cuneiform bone外侧楔骨cuboid bone骰骨metartarsal bones跖骨phalanges of toes趾骨2.Arthrology关节学joint（articulation）关节ligament韧带flexion屈extension伸adduction收abduction展pronation旋前supination旋后rotation旋转circumduction环转(1)Joints of Bones of Trunk躯干骨的连结vertebral column脊柱intervertebral disc椎间盘annulus fibrosus纤维环nucleus pulposus髓核anterior longitudinal ligament前纵韧带posterior longitudinal ligament后纵韧带cervical curve颈曲thoracic curve胸曲lumbar curve腰曲sacral curve骶曲thoracic cage胸廓costal arch肋弓(2)Synovial Joint of Skull颅的连结temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节(3)Joints of Upper Limb上肢骨连结shoulder joint肩关节elbow joint肘关节wrist joint（radiocarpal joint）腕关节（桡腕关节）(4)Joints of Lower Limb下肢骨连结pelvis骨盆hip joint髋关节knee joint膝关节medial meniscus内侧半月板lateral meniscus外侧半月板ankle joint（talocrural joint）踝关节（距小腿关节）arch of foot足弓3.Myology（Muscular System）肌学muscle肌long muscle长肌short muscle短肌flat muscle扁肌orbicular muscle轮匝肌superficial fascia（subcutaneous fascia）浅筋膜deep fascia（proper fascia）深筋膜(1)Muscles of Head头肌1)Facial Muscles面肌Epicranius（occipitofrontalis）颅顶肌（枕额肌）galea aponeurotica帽状腱膜orbicularis oculi眼轮匝肌orbicularis oris口轮匝肌2)Masticatory Muscles咀嚼肌masseter咬肌temporalis颞肌lateral pterygoid翼外肌medial pterygoid翼内肌(2)Muscles of Neck颈肌platysma颈阔肌sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌scalenus anterior前斜角肌(3)Muscles of Trunk躯干肌1)Muscles of Back背肌trapezius斜方肌latissimus dorsi背阔肌erector spinae（sacrospinalis）竖脊肌（骶棘肌）2)Muscles of Thorax胸肌pectoralis major胸大肌serratus anterior前锯肌intercostales externi肋间外肌intercostales interni肋间内肌3）Diaphragm膈4)Muscles of Abdomen腹肌obliquus externus abdominis腹外斜肌obliquus internus abdominis腹内斜肌transversus abdominis腹横肌rectus abdominis腹直肌(4)Muscles of Upper Limb上肢肌1)Muscles of Shoulder肩肌deltoid三角肌2)Muscles of Arm臂肌biceps brachii肱二头肌brachialis肱肌triceps brachii肱三头肌3)Muscles of Forearm前臂肌flexor pollicis longus拇长屈肌flexor digitorum superficialis指浅屈肌flexor digitorum profundus指深屈肌extensor pollicis longus拇长伸肌extensor digitorum指伸肌4)Muscles of Hand手肌(5)Muscles of Lower Limb下肢肌1)Muscles of Hip髋肌psoas major腰大肌iliacus髂肌gluteus maximus臀大肌piriformis梨状肌2)Muscles of Thigh大腿肌sartorius缝匠肌quadriceps femoris股四头肌adductor longus长收肌adductor magnus大收肌biceps femoris股二头肌semitendinosus半腱肌semimembranosus半膜肌3)Muscles of Leg小腿肌tibialis anterior胫骨前肌extensor digitorum longus趾长伸肌extensor hallucis longus拇长伸肌triceps surae小腿三头肌flexor digitorum longus趾长屈肌tibialis posterior胫骨后肌flexor hallucis longus拇长屈肌4)Muscles of Foot足肌II.Splanchnology内脏学viscera内脏1.Alimentary System消化系统alimentary canal消化管alimentary gland消化腺(1)Oral Cavity口腔oral lips口唇philtrum人中cheek颊hard palate硬腭soft palate软腭uvula腭垂palatine velum腭帆palatoglossal arch腭舌弓palatopharyngeal arch腭咽弓isthmus of fauces咽峡deciduous teeth乳牙permanent teeth恒牙incisor切牙canine尖牙premolar前磨牙molar磨牙dentine牙质enamel釉质cement牙骨质dental pulp牙髓tongue舌parotid gland腮腺submandibular gland下颌下腺sublingual gland舌下腺(2)Pharynx咽nasopharynx鼻咽oropharynx口咽laryngopharynx喉咽palatine tonsil腭扁桃体(3)Esophagus食管(4)Stomach胃(5)Small Intestine小肠duodenum十二指肠jejunum空肠ileum回肠(6)Large Intestine大肠caecum盲肠vermiform appendix阑尾ascending colon升结肠transverse colon横结肠descending colon降结肠sigmoid colon乙状结肠rectum直肠anal canal肛管anal column肛柱anal valve肛瓣anal sinus肛窦dental line齿状线anal pecten肛梳white line白线anus肛门sphincter ani internus肛门内括约肌sphincter ani externus肛门外括约肌(7)Liver肝porta hepatis肝门hepatic pedicle肝蒂gallbladder胆囊(8)Pancreas胰2.Respiratory System呼吸系统respiratory tract呼吸道respiratory organ呼吸器官(1)Nose鼻(2)Paranasal Sinus鼻旁窦frontal sinus额窦maxillary sinus上颌窦ethmoidal sinus筛窦sphenoid sinus蝶窦(3)Larynx喉thyroid cartilage甲状软骨cricoid cartilage环状软骨arytenoid cartilage杓状软骨epiglottic cartilage会厌软骨vocal fold声带cricothyroid环甲肌(4)Trachea and Bronchi气管和支气管right principal bronchus右主支气管left principal bronchus左主支气管(5)Lung肺apex of lung肺尖base of lung肺底hilum of lung肺门root of lung肺根(6)Pleura胸膜parietal pleura壁胸膜viceral pleura脏胸膜pleural cavity胸膜腔costodiaphragmatic recess肋膈隐窝3.Urinary System泌尿系统kidney肾renal hilum肾门renal pedicle肾蒂renal sinus肾窦renal region肾区minor renal calices肾小盏major renal calices肾大盏renal pelvis肾盂ureter输尿管urinary bladder膀胱urethra尿道4.Male Genital System男性生殖系统testis睾丸epididymis附睾ductus deferens输精管spermatic cord精索ejaculatory duct射精管seminal vesicle精囊prostate前列腺bulbourethral gland尿道球腺penis阴茎scrotum阴囊5.Female Genital System女性生殖系统ovary卵巢uterine tube输卵管uterus子宫vagina阴道vaginal orifice阴道口hymen处女膜greater vestibular gland前庭大腺vulva女阴greater lip of pudendum大阴唇lesser lip of pudendum小阴唇clitoris阴mamma乳房mammary papilla（nipple）乳头6.Peritonium腹膜peritoneal cavity腹膜腔lesser omentum小网膜greater omentum大网膜mesentery肠系膜rectovesical pouch直肠膀胱陷凹vesicouterine pouch膀胱子宫陷凹rectouterine pouch(Douglas’pouch)直肠子宫陷凹（道格拉斯陷窝）III.Vascular System脉管系统1.Cardiovascular System心血管系统pulmonary circulation（lesser circulation）肺循环（小循环）systemic circulation（greater circulation）体循环（大循环）(1)Heart心right atrium右心房right ventricle右心室left atrium左心房left ventricle左心室tricuspid valve三尖瓣bicuspid valve二尖瓣aortic valve主动脉瓣pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣sinoatrial node窦房结internodal tract结间束atrioventricular node房室结了解更多
7月5日，北京，首都博物馆，观众正在参观镶嵌于一处长城古城堡敌台墙上的刻石拓片。中青报·中青网记者 陈剑/摄三、如何正确的洗