自编《何以笙箫默》第二部(婚后的生活)第二十九集第...
质 疏 松问题的人,长时间受到按摩椅的挤压还可能会导致骨 折问题的出现。
2024年12月07日,2023年上半年,国轩高科的储能业务收入达41.47亿元,同比增长224.33%,占营收比重的27.21%。
自编《何以笙箫默》第二部(婚后的生活)第二十九集第...
视频一开始李大夫就提到:耳朵不仅仅是听觉器官它还可以反映出很多身体健康的状况如果一个人的耳朵有以下叁个迹象那么他有可能健康长寿一家人瞬间被吸引住了
首发2024-07-02 22:49·枕猫编辑|科普探秘者
辩耻别丑耻补苍尘别颈测辞耻办补颈办辞耻濒别颈测颈尘补苍尘颈补苍……产补辞办耻辞肠颈辩颈补苍诲别颁丑补迟骋笔罢,锄补颈蝉丑别苍驳肠丑别苍驳箩颈别驳耻辞诲别锄丑耻苍辩耻别虫颈苍驳蹿补苍驳尘颈补苍丑耻补苍测辞耻丑别苍诲补诲别迟颈补辞锄丑补苍,诲补苍锄补颈骋笔罢4产补苍产别苍锄丑辞苍驳,测颈箩颈苍驳苍别苍驳驳辞耻锄耻辞诲别虫颈补苍驳诲耻颈箩颈补辞丑补辞,濒颈苍诲补丑耻补箩颈别蝉丑颈,锄补颈箩颈蝉丑耻蝉丑补苍驳蝉丑颈测辞耻产颈濒别颈诲别,虫耻测补辞丑辞耻濒补颈锄丑别诲补濒颈补苍驳诲颈蝉丑颈肠耻辞,箩颈苍驳测辞耻产耻迟辞苍驳诲别蹿补苍驳补苍锄丑耻箩颈补苍辩耻办补辞箩颈苍锄丑耻苍辩耻别虫颈苍驳。
确(蚕耻别)定(顿颈苍驳)风(贵别苍驳)格(骋别)主(窜丑耻)题(罢颈):根(骋别苍)据(闯耻)个(骋别)人(搁别苍)喜(齿颈)好(贬补辞)确(蚕耻别)定(顿颈苍驳)院(驰耻补苍)子(窜颈)的(顿别)风(贵别苍驳)格(骋别)主(窜丑耻)题(罢颈),如(搁耻)现(齿颈补苍)代(顿补颈)简(闯颈补苍)约(驰耻别)、田(罢颈补苍)园(驰耻补苍)风(贵别苍驳)光(骋耻补苍驳)或(贬耻辞)复(贵耻)古(骋耻)浪(尝补苍驳)漫(惭补苍)等(顿别苍驳)。
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导(Dao)致(Zhi)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)的(De)罪(Zui)魁(Kui)祸(Huo)首(Shou)是(Shi)谁(Shui)?2018-01-26 12:26·北(Bei)极(Ji)星(Xing)太(Tai)阳(Yang)能(Neng)光(Guang)伏(Fu)网(Wang)摘(Zhai)要(Yao):结(Jie)合(He)在(Zai)组(Zu)件(Jian)生(Sheng)产(Chan)和(He)电(Dian)站(Zhan)质(Zhi)量(Liang)管(Guan)理(Li)中(Zhong)遇(Yu)到(Dao)的(De)问(Wen)题(Ti),对(Dui)组(Zu)件(Jian)材(Cai)料(Liao)老(Lao)化(Hua)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)及(Ji)组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)原(Yuan)因(Yin)进(Jin)行(Xing)了(Liao)分(Fen)析(Xi)和(He)实(Shi)验(Yan)测(Ce)试(Shi),提(Ti)出(Chu)相(Xiang)应(Ying)对(Dui)策(Ce)。结(Jie)果(Guo)表(Biao)明(Ming):组(Zu)件(Jian)材(Cai)料(Liao)老(Lao)化(Hua)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)主(Zhu)要(Yao)是(Shi)EVA和(He)背(Bei)板(Ban)老(Lao)化(Hua)黄(Huang)变(Bian)引(Yin)起(Qi),组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)主(Zhu)要(Yao)由(You)于(Yu)硅(Gui)片(Pian)内(Nei)硼(Peng)、氧(Yang)元(Yuan)素(Su)复(Fu)合(He)引(Yin)起(Qi),提(Ti)出(Chu)的(De)对(Dui)策(Ce)具(Ju)有(You)可(Ke)行(Xing)性(Xing)。0.引(Yin)言(Yan)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)是(Shi)太(Tai)阳(Yang)能(Neng)发(Fa)电(Dian)的(De)关(Guan)键(Jian)元(Yuan)件(Jian),光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)是(Shi)指(Zhi)随(Sui)着(Zhuo)光(Guang)照(Zhao)时(Shi)间(Jian)的(De)增(Zeng)加(Jia),组(Zu)件(Jian)输(Shu)出(Chu)功(Gong)率(Lv)不(Bu)断(Duan)呈(Cheng)下(Xia)降(Jiang)趋(Qu)势(Shi)的(De)现(Xian)象(Xiang)[1]。组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)直(Zhi)接(Jie)关(Guan)系(Xi)到(Dao)组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)发(Fa)电(Dian)效(Xiao)率(Lv)。国(Guo)内(Nei)组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)与(Yu)国(Guo)外(Wai)最(Zui)好(Hao)的(De)组(Zu)件(Jian)相(Xiang)比(Bi),仍(Reng)存(Cun)在(Zai)一(Yi)定(Ding)差(Cha)距(Ju),因(Yin)此(Ci)研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)非(Fei)常(Chang)有(You)必(Bi)要(Yao)。组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)包(Bao)括(Kuo)组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)、组(Zu)件(Jian)材(Cai)料(Liao)老(Lao)化(Hua)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)及(Ji)外(Wai)界(Jie)环(Huan)境(Jing)或(Huo)破(Po)坏(Huai)性(Xing)因(Yin)素(Su)导(Dao)致(Zhi)的(De)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)[2]。外(Wai)界(Jie)环(Huan)境(Jing)导(Dao)致(Zhi)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)主(Zhu)要(Yao)由(You)光(Guang)伏(Fu)电(Dian)站(Zhan)运(Yun)营(Ying)不(Bu)当(Dang)造(Zao)成(Cheng),可(Ke)通(Tong)过(Guo)加(Jia)强(Qiang)光(Guang)伏(Fu)电(Dian)站(Zhan)的(De)维(Wei)护(Hu)进(Jin)行(Xing)改(Gai)善(Shan)或(Huo)避(Bi)免(Mian);破(Po)坏(Huai)性(Xing)因(Yin)素(Su)导(Dao)致(Zhi)的(De)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)是(Shi)由(You)于(Yu)组(Zu)件(Jian)明(Ming)显(Xian)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang)问(Wen)题(Ti)所(Suo)致(Zhi),在(Zai)组(Zu)件(Jian)生(Sheng)产(Chan)和(He)电(Dian)站(Zhan)安(An)装(Zhuang)过(Guo)程(Cheng)对(Dui)质(Zhi)量(Liang)进(Jin)行(Xing)严(Yan)格(Ge)检(Jian)验(Yan)把(Ba)控(Kong),可(Ke)减(Jian)少(Shao)此(Ci)类(Lei)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)的(De)现(Xian)象(Xiang)。本(Ben)文(Wen)主(Zhu)要(Yao)研(Yan)究(Jiu)组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)及(Ji)材(Cai)料(Liao)老(Lao)化(Hua)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)。1.组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)分(Fen)析(Xi)1.1组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)原(Yuan)理(Li)分(Fen)析(Xi)组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)(LID)是(Shi)指(Zhi)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)在(Zai)刚(Gang)开(Kai)始(Shi)使(Shi)用(Yong)的(De)几(Ji)天(Tian)其(Qi)输(Shu)出(Chu)功(Gong)率(Lv)发(Fa)生(Sheng)大(Da)幅(Fu)下(Xia)降(Jiang),之(Zhi)后(Hou)趋(Qu)于(Yu)稳(Wen)定(Ding)的(De)现(Xian)象(Xiang)。普(Pu)遍(Bian)认(Ren)为(Wei)的(De)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)机(Ji)理(Li)为(Wei)硼(Peng)氧(Yang)复(Fu)合(He)导(Dao)致(Zhi),即(Ji)由(You)p型(Xing)(掺(Chan)硼(Peng))晶(Jing)体(Ti)硅(Gui)片(Pian)制(Zhi)作(Zuo)而(Er)成(Cheng)的(De)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)经(Jing)过(Guo)光(Guang)照(Zhao),其(Qi)硅(Gui)片(Pian)中(Zhong)的(De)硼(Peng)、氧(Yang)产(Chan)生(Sheng)复(Fu)合(He)体(Ti),从(Cong)而(Er)降(Jiang)低(Di)了(Liao)其(Qi)少(Shao)子(Zi)寿(Shou)命(Ming)。在(Zai)光(Guang)照(Zhao)或(Huo)注(Zhu)入(Ru)电(Dian)流(Liu)条(Tiao)件(Jian)下(Xia),硅(Gui)片(Pian)中(Zhong)掺(Chan)入(Ru)的(De)硼(Peng)、氧(Yang)越(Yue)多(Duo),则(Ze)生(Sheng)成(Cheng)复(Fu)合(He)体(Ti)越(Yue)多(Duo),少(Shao)子(Zi)寿(Shou)命(Ming)越(Yue)低(Di),组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)幅(Fu)度(Du)就(Jiu)越(Yue)大(Da)[3]。1.2组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)的(De)实(Shi)验(Yan)分(Fen)析(Xi)本(Ben)研(Yan)究(Jiu)采(Cai)用(Yong)对(Dui)比(Bi)实(Shi)验(Yan)的(De)办(Ban)法(Fa),在(Zai)背(Bei)板(Ban)、EVA、玻(Bo)璃(Li)和(He)封(Feng)装(Zhuang)工(Gong)艺(Yi)等(Deng)条(Tiao)件(Jian)完(Wan)全(Quan)一(Yi)致(Zhi)情(Qing)况(Kuang)下(Xia),采(Cai)用(Yong)两(Liang)组(Zu)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)(一(Yi)组(Zu)经(Jing)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)照(Zhao),另(Ling)一(Yi)组(Zu)未(Wei)经(Jing)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)照(Zhao)),分(Fen)别(Bie)将(Jiang)其(Qi)编(Bian)号(Hao)为(Wei)I和(He)II。同(Tong)时(Shi),生(Sheng)产(Chan)出(Chu)的(De)所(Suo)有(You)组(Zu)件(Jian)经(Jing)质(Zhi)量(Liang)全(Quan)检(Jian)及(Ji)电(Dian)致(Zhi)发(Fa)光(Guang)(EL)检(Jian)测(Ce),确(Que)保(Bao)质(Zhi)量(Liang)完(Wan)全(Quan)正(Zheng)常(Chang)。实(Shi)验(Yan)过(Guo)程(Cheng)条(Tiao)件(Jian)确(Que)保(Bao)完(Wan)全(Quan)一(Yi)致(Zhi),采(Cai)用(Yong)同(Tong)一(Yi)台(Tai)太(Tai)阳(Yang)能(Neng)模(Mo)拟(Ni)仪(Yi)测(Ce)量(Liang)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)I-V曲(Qu)线(Xian)。分(Fen)别(Bie)取(Qu)I和(He)II光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)各(Ge)3组(Zu)进(Jin)行(Xing)试(Shi)验(Yan),记(Ji)录(Lu)其(Qi)在(Zai)STC状(Zhuang)态(Tai)下(Xia)的(De)功(Gong)率(Lv)输(Shu)出(Chu)值(Zhi)。随(Sui)后(Hou),将(Jiang)I和(He)II光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)放(Fang)置(Zhi)于(Yu)辐(Fu)照(Zhao)总(Zong)量(Liang)为(Wei)60kWh/m2(根(Gen)据(Ju)IEC61215的(De)室(Shi)外(Wai)暴(Bao)晒(Shai)试(Shi)验(Yan)要(Yao)求(Qiu))的(De)同(Tong)一(Yi)地(Di)点(Dian)进(Jin)行(Xing)暴(Bao)晒(Shai)试(Shi)验(Yan),分(Fen)别(Bie)记(Ji)录(Lu)其(Qi)功(Gong)率(Lv),结(Jie)果(Guo)见(Jian)表(Biao)1。由(You)表(Biao)1可(Ke)知(Zhi),I组(Zu)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)整(Zheng)体(Ti)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)明(Ming)显(Xian)较(Jiao)II组(Zu)低(Di)。因(Yin)此(Ci),可(Ke)推(Tui)测(Ce)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)主(Zhu)要(Yao)取(Qu)决(Jue)于(Yu)电(Dian)池(Chi)的(De)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)。在(Zai)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)封(Feng)装(Zhuang)前(Qian)对(Dui)其(Qi)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)进(Jin)行(Xing)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)照(Zhao),则(Ze)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)会(Hui)显(Xian)著(Zhu)减(Jian)弱(Ruo)。1.3组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)与(Yu)I-V曲(Qu)线(Xian)不(Bu)良(Liang)的(De)关(Guan)系(Xi)研(Yan)究(Jiu)随(Sui)机(Ji)选(Xuan)取(Qu)一(Yi)块(Kuai)质(Zhi)量(Liang)正(Zheng)常(Chang)组(Zu)件(Jian),组(Zu)件(Jian)内(Nei)所(Suo)有(You)电(Dian)池(Chi)的(De)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)基(Ji)本(Ben)一(Yi)致(Zhi),对(Dui)其(Qi)进(Jin)行(Xing)功(Gong)率(Lv)测(Ce)试(Shi),I-V曲(Qu)线(Xian)平(Ping)滑(Hua)曲(Qu)线(Xian)如(Ru)图(Tu)1所(Suo)示(Shi)。由(You)图(Tu)1可(Ke)知(Zhi),尽(Jin)管(Guan)输(Shu)出(Chu)功(Gong)率(Lv)下(Xia)降(Jiang),但(Dan)I-V曲(Qu)线(Xian)平(Ping)滑(Hua)、无(Wu)台(Tai)阶(Jie),其(Qi)红(Hong)外(Wai)图(Tu)像(Xiang)类(Lei)似(Si)正(Zheng)常(Chang)组(Zu)件(Jian),即(Ji)无(Wu)热(Re)斑(Ban)出(Chu)现(Xian)。取(Qu)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)中(Zhong)任(Ren)一(Yi)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)无(Wu)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)照(Zhao)衰(Shuai)减(Jian),即(Ji)组(Zu)件(Jian)内(Nei)电(Dian)池(Chi)的(De)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)不(Bu)一(Yi)致(Zhi),对(Dui)其(Qi)进(Jin)行(Xing)功(Gong)率(Lv)测(Ce)试(Shi),I-V曲(Qu)线(Xian)如(Ru)图(Tu)2所(Suo)示(Shi)。由(You)图(Tu)2中(Zhong)I-V曲(Qu)线(Xian)出(Chu)现(Xian)台(Tai)阶(Jie)可(Ke)看(Kan)出(Chu),组(Zu)件(Jian)内(Nei)部(Bu)整(Zheng)体(Ti)输(Shu)出(Chu)功(Gong)率(Lv)下(Xia)降(Jiang)的(De)同(Tong)时(Shi),未(Wei)经(Jing)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)照(Zhao)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)的(De)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)造(Zao)成(Cheng)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)整(Zheng)体(Ti)电(Dian)流(Liu)降(Jiang)低(Di)、输(Shu)出(Chu)功(Gong)率(Lv)减(Jian)小(Xiao)。通(Tong)过(Guo)实(Shi)验(Yan)说(Shuo)明(Ming),如(Ru)果(Guo)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)内(Nei)部(Bu)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)不(Bu)一(Yi)致(Zhi),导(Dao)致(Zhi)组(Zu)件(Jian)内(Nei)部(Bu)串(Chuan)联(Lian)的(De)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)产(Chan)生(Sheng)电(Dian)流(Liu)失(Shi)配(Pei),由(You)此(Ci)I-V曲(Qu)线(Xian)出(Chu)现(Xian)台(Tai)阶(Jie)。在(Zai)组(Zu)件(Jian)生(Sheng)产(Chan)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang)检(Jian)验(Yan)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong),对(Dui)组(Zu)件(Jian)I-V曲(Qu)线(Xian)出(Chu)现(Xian)台(Tai)阶(Jie)的(De)问(Wen)题(Ti)组(Zu)件(Jian)进(Jin)行(Xing)统(Tong)计(Ji)研(Yan)究(Jiu),也(Ye)进(Jin)一(Yi)步(Bu)验(Yan)证(Zheng)了(Liao)组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)是(Shi)导(Dao)致(Zhi)I-V曲(Qu)线(Xian)异(Yi)常(Chang)的(De)内(Nei)在(Zai)原(Yuan)因(Yin)。1.4组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)的(De)验(Yan)证(Zheng)为(Wei)确(Que)保(Bao)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)质(Zhi)量(Liang),在(Zai)组(Zu)件(Jian)制(Zhi)造(Zao)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong),随(Sui)机(Ji)对(Dui)抽(Chou)取(Qu)组(Zu)件(Jian)进(Jin)行(Xing)太(Tai)阳(Yang)下(Xia)暴(Bao)晒(Shai),暴(Bao)晒(Shai)至(Zhi)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)基(Ji)本(Ben)稳(Wen)定(Ding)为(Wei)止(Zhi),检(Jian)测(Ce)其(Qi)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)值(Zhi),测(Ce)试(Shi)数(Shu)据(Ju)见(Jian)表(Biao)2。由(You)表(Biao)2可(Ke)知(Zhi),光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)都(Du)有(You)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)现(Xian)象(Xiang),但(Dan)不(Bu)同(Tong)批(Pi)次(Ci)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)幅(Fu)度(Du)差(Cha)异(Yi)较(Jiao)大(Da),1%~3.7%都(Du)有(You),因(Yin)此(Ci)改(Gai)善(Shan)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)现(Xian)象(Xiang)显(Xian)得(De)非(Fei)常(Chang)必(Bi)要(Yao)。通(Tong)过(Guo)以(Yi)上(Shang)分(Fen)析(Xi)可(Ke)知(Zhi),组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)衰(Shuai)幅(Fu)度(Du)主(Zhu)要(Yao)取(Qu)决(Jue)于(Yu)电(Dian)池(Chi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian),电(Dian)池(Chi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)则(Ze)由(You)硅(Gui)片(Pian)的(De)硼(Peng)、氧(Yang)含(Han)量(Liang)等(Deng)决(Jue)定(Ding)。要(Yao)消(Xiao)除(Chu)由(You)于(Yu)组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)导(Dao)致(Zhi)的(De)问(Wen)题(Ti),可(Ke)利(Li)用(Yong)硅(Gui)片(Pian)分(Fen)选(Xuan)机(Ji)来(Lai)控(Kong)制(Zhi)硅(Gui)片(Pian)质(Zhi)量(Liang),确(Que)保(Bao)硅(Gui)片(Pian)内(Nei)部(Bu)的(De)硼(Peng)、氧(Yang)元(Yuan)素(Su)含(Han)量(Liang)处(Chu)于(Yu)正(Zheng)常(Chang)范(Fan)围(Wei),从(Cong)而(Er)保(Bao)障(Zhang)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)的(De)转(Zhuan)换(Huan)效(Xiao)率(Lv);同(Tong)时(Shi)在(Zai)组(Zu)件(Jian)封(Feng)装(Zhuang)前(Qian),对(Dui)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)进(Jin)行(Xing)功(Gong)率(Lv)分(Fen)档(Dang),保(Bao)证(Zheng)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)功(Gong)率(Lv)匹(Pi)配(Pei),从(Cong)而(Er)改(Gai)善(Shan)组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)问(Wen)题(Ti)。2.材(Cai)料(Liao)老(Lao)化(Hua)导(Dao)致(Zhi)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)分(Fen)析(Xi)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)封(Feng)装(Zhuang)结(Jie)构(Gou)图(Tu)如(Ru)图(Tu)3所(Suo)示(Shi),组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)主(Zhu)要(Yao)材(Cai)料(Liao)包(Bao)括(Kuo)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)、玻(Bo)璃(Li)、EVA、背(Bei)板(Ban)等(Deng)[1]。由(You)图(Tu)3可(Ke)知(Zhi),光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)材(Cai)料(Liao)老(Lao)化(Hua)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)主(Zhu)要(Yao)可(Ke)从(Cong)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)及(Ji)封(Feng)装(Zhuang)材(Cai)料(Liao)的(De)性(Xing)能(Neng)退(Tui)化(Hua)两(Liang)方(Fang)面(Mian)分(Fen)析(Xi),而(Er)影(Ying)响(Xiang)这(Zhe)两(Liang)方(Fang)面(Mian)因(Yin)素(Su)的(De)主(Zhu)要(Yao)原(Yuan)因(Yin)是(Shi)紫(Zi)外(Wai)线(Xian)照(Zhao)射(She)及(Ji)湿(Shi)热(Re)老(Lao)化(Hua)环(Huan)境(Jing),而(Er)玻(Bo)璃(Li)对(Dui)紫(Zi)外(Wai)线(Xian)和(He)湿(Shi)热(Re)环(Huan)境(Jing)的(De)性(Xing)能(Neng)变(Bian)化(Hua)较(Jiao)小(Xiao)[4],因(Yin)此(Ci)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)的(De)老(Lao)化(Hua)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)研(Yan)究(Jiu)主(Zhu)要(Yao)可(Ke)围(Wei)绕(Rao)EVA和(He)背(Bei)板(Ban)两(Liang)种(Zhong)材(Cai)料(Liao)的(De)老(Lao)化(Hua)开(Kai)展(Zhan)。图(Tu)4为(Wei)某(Mou)电(Dian)站(Zhan)运(Yun)营(Ying)后(Hou)材(Cai)料(Liao)老(Lao)化(Hua)的(De)外(Wai)观(Guan)图(Tu)。2.1 EVA老(Lao)化(Hua)对(Dui)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)影(Ying)响(Xiang)把(Ba)组(Zu)件(Jian)分(Fen)为(Wei)A、B、C、F8064组(Zu),分(Fen)别(Bie)采(Cai)用(Yong)4个(Ge)不(Bu)同(Tong)厂(Chang)家(Jia)的(De)EVA材(Cai)料(Liao),电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)、玻(Bo)璃(Li)、背(Bei)板(Ban)、焊(Han)带(Dai)、边(Bian)框(Kuang)等(Deng)材(Cai)料(Liao)及(Ji)生(Sheng)产(Chan)工(Gong)艺(Yi)设(She)备(Bei)都(Du)一(Yi)致(Zhi),制(Zhi)作(Zuo)每(Mei)块(Kuai)组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)同(Tong)时(Shi)还(Huan)制(Zhi)作(Zuo)一(Yi)个(Ge)陪(Pei)样(Yang),用(Yong)于(Yu)测(Ce)试(Shi)组(Zu)件(Jian)EVA材(Cai)料(Liao)的(De)黄(Huang)变(Bian)指(Zhi)数(Shu)。生(Sheng)产(Chan)出(Chu)的(De)组(Zu)件(Jian)经(Jing)过(Guo)EL检(Jian)测(Ce)和(He)I-V曲(Qu)线(Xian)的(De)测(Ce)试(Shi),确(Que)定(Ding)质(Zhi)量(Liang)合(He)格(Ge),把(Ba)4组(Zu)组(Zu)件(Jian)和(He)陪(Pei)样(Yang)同(Tong)时(Shi)放(Fang)入(Ru)环(Huan)境(Jing)试(Shi)验(Yan)箱(Xiang)进(Jin)行(Xing)湿(Shi)热(Re)老(Lao)化(Hua),测(Ce)试(Shi)条(Tiao)件(Jian)为(Wei)温(Wen)度(Du)85℃、湿(Shi)度(Du)85%。每(Mei)隔(Ge)一(Yi)段(Duan)时(Shi)间(Jian)测(Ce)试(Shi)其(Qi)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)及(Ji)陪(Pei)样(Yang)EVA的(De)黄(Huang)变(Bian)指(Zhi)数(Shu),共(Gong)测(Ce)试(Shi)1000h后(Hou)把(Ba)组(Zu)件(Jian)取(Qu)出(Chu),其(Qi)组(Zu)件(Jian)测(Ce)试(Shi)数(Shu)据(Ju)如(Ru)图(Tu)5所(Suo)示(Shi),对(Dui)应(Ying)陪(Pei)样(Yang)EVA的(De)黄(Huang)变(Bian)指(Zhi)数(Shu)如(Ru)图(Tu)6所(Suo)示(Shi)。由(You)图(Tu)5和(He)图(Tu)6可(Ke)看(Kan)出(Chu),不(Bu)同(Tong)品(Pin)牌(Pai)的(De)EVA耐(Nai)湿(Shi)热(Re)老(Lao)化(Hua)性(Xing)能(Neng)差(Cha)异(Yi)很(Hen)大(Da),其(Qi)中(Zhong)F806EVA黄(Huang)变(Bian)小(Xiao),耐(Nai)老(Lao)化(Hua)性(Xing)能(Neng)明(Ming)显(Xian)比(Bi)其(Qi)他(Ta)EVA强(Qiang),做(Zuo)成(Cheng)的(De)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)少(Shao)。这(Zhe)个(Ge)实(Shi)验(Yan)结(Jie)果(Guo)与(Yu)组(Zu)件(Jian)老(Lao)化(Hua)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)结(Jie)果(Guo)相(Xiang)符(Fu)合(He),说(Shuo)明(Ming)EVA黄(Huang)变(Bian)是(Shi)组(Zu)件(Jian)材(Cai)料(Liao)老(Lao)化(Hua)导(Dao)致(Zhi)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)的(De)一(Yi)个(Ge)重(Zhong)要(Yao)原(Yuan)因(Yin)。为(Wei)了(Liao)深(Shen)入(Ru)对(Dui)此(Ci)质(Zhi)量(Liang)问(Wen)题(Ti)进(Jin)行(Xing)分(Fen)析(Xi),结(Jie)合(He)类(Lei)似(Si)的(De)EVA黄(Huang)变(Bian)现(Xian)象(Xiang),本(Ben)文(Wen)选(Xuan)取(Qu)某(Mou)研(Yan)究(Jiu)所(Suo)光(Guang)伏(Fu)电(Dian)站(Zhan)的(De)组(Zu)件(Jian)进(Jin)行(Xing)调(Diao)查(Cha)研(Yan)究(Jiu),发(Fa)现(Xian)该(Gai)光(Guang)伏(Fu)电(Dian)站(Zhan)的(De)组(Zu)件(Jian)也(Ye)部(Bu)分(Fen)存(Cun)在(Zai)EVA黄(Huang)变(Bian)现(Xian)象(Xiang),如(Ru)图(Tu)7所(Suo)示(Shi)。在(Zai)该(Gai)电(Dian)站(Zhan)上(Shang)分(Fen)别(Bie)选(Xuan)取(Qu)一(Yi)块(Kuai)EVA黄(Huang)变(Bian)组(Zu)件(Jian)和(He)一(Yi)块(Kuai)EVA未(Wei)黄(Huang)变(Bian)组(Zu)件(Jian),分(Fen)别(Bie)测(Ce)试(Shi)其(Qi)功(Gong)率(Lv),数(Shu)据(Ju)见(Jian)表(Biao)3。由(You)表(Biao)3可(Ke)知(Zhi),EVA未(Wei)黄(Huang)变(Bian)组(Zu)件(Jian)在(Zai)电(Dian)站(Zhan)运(Yun)营(Ying)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)只(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)了(Liao)2.23%,而(Er)EVA黄(Huang)变(Bian)组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)了(Liao)5.7%,因(Yin)此(Ci)进(Jin)一(Yi)步(Bu)验(Yan)证(Zheng)了(Liao)EVA黄(Huang)变(Bian)是(Shi)造(Zao)成(Cheng)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)的(De)一(Yi)个(Ge)重(Zhong)要(Yao)原(Yuan)因(Yin)。2.2背(Bei)板(Ban)老(Lao)化(Hua)对(Dui)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)影(Ying)响(Xiang)把(Ba)组(Zu)件(Jian)分(Fen)为(Wei)A、B两(Liang)组(Zu),分(Fen)别(Bie)采(Cai)用(Yong)两(Liang)个(Ge)不(Bu)同(Tong)厂(Chang)家(Jia)的(De)背(Bei)板(Ban)材(Cai)料(Liao)(A组(Zu)背(Bei)板(Ban)为(Wei)双(Shuang)面(Mian)含(Han)氟(Fu)背(Bei)板(Ban),B组(Zu)为(Wei)不(Bu)含(Han)氟(Fu)的(De)背(Bei)板(Ban)),电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)、玻(Bo)璃(Li)、背(Bei)板(Ban)、焊(Han)带(Dai)、边(Bian)框(Kuang)等(Deng)材(Cai)料(Liao)及(Ji)生(Sheng)产(Chan)工(Gong)艺(Yi)设(She)备(Bei)都(Du)一(Yi)致(Zhi),制(Zhi)作(Zuo)每(Mei)块(Kuai)组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)同(Tong)时(Shi)还(Huan)制(Zhi)作(Zuo)一(Yi)个(Ge)陪(Pei)样(Yang),用(Yong)于(Yu)测(Ce)试(Shi)背(Bei)板(Ban)的(De)耐(Nai)紫(Zi)外(Wai)黄(Huang)变(Bian)指(Zhi)数(Shu)。生(Sheng)产(Chan)出(Chu)的(De)组(Zu)件(Jian)经(Jing)过(Guo)EL检(Jian)测(Ce)和(He)I-V曲(Qu)线(Xian)的(De)测(Ce)试(Shi),确(Que)定(Ding)质(Zhi)量(Liang)合(He)格(Ge),实(Shi)验(Yan)前(Qian)记(Ji)录(Lu)两(Liang)组(Zu)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)及(Ji)陪(Pei)样(Yang)组(Zu)件(Jian)在(Zai)STC状(Zhuang)态(Tai)下(Xia)的(De)功(Gong)率(Lv)输(Shu)出(Chu)值(Zhi)。按(An)照(Zhao)IEC61215-2005的(De)实(Shi)验(Yan)要(Yao)求(Qiu),将(Jiang)两(Liang)组(Zu)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)放(Fang)于(Yu)紫(Zi)外(Wai)试(Shi)验(Yan)箱(Xiang)中(Zhong),温(Wen)度(Du)控(Kong)制(Zhi)在(Zai)规(Gui)定(Ding)范(Fan)围(Wei)内(Nei)(60±5℃),组(Zu)件(Jian)受(Shou)波(Bo)长(Chang)为(Wei)280~385nm范(Fan)围(Wei)的(De)紫(Zi)外(Wai)辐(Fu)射(She)(15kWh/m2),其(Qi)中(Zhong)波(Bo)长(Chang)为(Wei)280~320nm的(De)紫(Zi)外(Wai)辐(Fu)照(Zhao)不(Bu)少(Shao)于(Yu)5kWh/m2[1]。用(Yong)太(Tai)阳(Yang)能(Neng)测(Ce)试(Shi)仪(Yi)测(Ce)试(Shi)组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)功(Gong)率(Lv),结(Jie)果(Guo)见(Jian)表(Biao)4;同(Tong)时(Shi)测(Ce)试(Shi)陪(Pei)样(Yang)背(Bei)板(Ban)及(Ji)样(Yang)品(Pin)紫(Zi)外(Wai)老(Lao)化(Hua)后(Hou)的(De)黄(Huang)变(Bian)指(Zhi)数(Shu),结(Jie)果(Guo)如(Ru)图(Tu)8所(Suo)示(Shi)。从(Cong)表(Biao)4和(He)图(Tu)8可(Ke)知(Zhi),A组(Zu)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)背(Bei)板(Ban)双(Shuang)面(Mian)含(Han)氟(Fu)(黄(Huang)变(Bian)指(Zhi)数(Shu)为(Wei)2.2),具(Ju)有(You)较(Jiao)强(Qiang)耐(Nai)紫(Zi)外(Wai)功(Gong)能(Neng),因(Yin)此(Ci)其(Qi)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)较(Jiao)小(Xiao);而(Er)B组(Zu)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)背(Bei)板(Ban)不(Bu)含(Han)氟(Fu),有(You)黄(Huang)变(Bian)现(Xian)象(Xiang)(黄(Huang)变(Bian)指(Zhi)数(Shu)为(Wei)67.4),功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)明(Ming)显(Xian)。2.3材(Cai)料(Liao)老(Lao)化(Hua)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)现(Xian)场(Chang)跟(Gen)踪(Zong)测(Ce)试(Shi)分(Fen)析(Xi)本(Ben)文(Wen)对(Dui)某(Mou)研(Yan)究(Jiu)所(Suo)光(Guang)伏(Fu)电(Dian)站(Zhan)进(Jin)行(Xing)跟(Gen)踪(Zong)测(Ce)试(Shi)分(Fen)析(Xi),选(Xuan)取(Qu)一(Yi)块(Kuai)质(Zhi)量(Liang)正(Zheng)常(Chang)的(De)组(Zu)件(Jian)定(Ding)期(Qi)进(Jin)行(Xing)功(Gong)率(Lv)测(Ce)试(Shi),其(Qi)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)数(Shu)据(Ju)见(Jian)表(Biao)5。各(Ge)时(Shi)间(Jian)段(Duan)该(Gai)组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)EL图(Tu)片(Pian)如(Ru)图(Tu)9所(Suo)示(Shi),EL图(Tu)片(Pian)显(Xian)示(Shi)组(Zu)件(Jian)内(Nei)部(Bu)完(Wan)好(Hao),未(Wei)发(Fa)生(Sheng)隐(Yin)裂(Lie)等(Deng)质(Zhi)量(Liang)问(Wen)题(Ti),每(Mei)次(Ci)测(Ce)试(Shi)时(Shi)清(Qing)除(Chu)表(Biao)面(Mian)的(De)脏(Zang)污(Wu)和(He)灰(Hui)尘(Chen),排(Pai)除(Chu)外(Wai)界(Jie)条(Tiao)件(Jian)对(Dui)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)的(De)影(Ying)响(Xiang)。测(Ce)试(Shi)结(Jie)果(Guo)说(Shuo)明(Ming)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)是(Shi)由(You)于(Yu)自(Zi)身(Shen)材(Cai)料(Liao)老(Lao)化(Hua)原(Yuan)因(Yin)所(Suo)造(Zao)成(Cheng),衰(Shuai)减(Jian)的(De)比(Bi)例(Li)与(Yu)功(Gong)率(Lv)质(Zhi)保(Bao)规(Gui)定(Ding)的(De)质(Zhi)保(Bao)统(Tong)一(Yi)标(Biao)准(Zhun)接(Jie)近(Jin)。从(Cong)实(Shi)验(Yan)测(Ce)试(Shi)结(Jie)果(Guo)和(He)具(Ju)体(Ti)电(Dian)站(Zhan)中(Zhong)组(Zu)件(Jian)分(Fen)析(Xi)可(Ke)看(Kan)出(Chu),EVA和(He)背(Bei)板(Ban)材(Cai)料(Liao)的(De)老(Lao)化(Hua)、黄(Huang)变(Bian)是(Shi)导(Dao)致(Zhi)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)老(Lao)化(Hua)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)的(De)主(Zhu)要(Yao)原(Yuan)因(Yin),采(Cai)用(Yong)高(Gao)质(Zhi)量(Liang)的(De)EVA和(He)背(Bei)板(Ban)能(Neng)有(You)效(Xiao)减(Jian)少(Shao)组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)功(Gong)率(Lv)老(Lao)化(Hua)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)。3.结(Jie)论(Lun)本(Ben)文(Wen)重(Zhong)点(Dian)对(Dui)组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)和(He)材(Cai)料(Liao)老(Lao)化(Hua)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)两(Liang)种(Zhong)现(Xian)象(Xiang)进(Jin)行(Xing)分(Fen)析(Xi)研(Yan)究(Jiu),同(Tong)时(Shi)对(Dui)某(Mou)研(Yan)究(Jiu)所(Suo)电(Dian)站(Zhan)进(Jin)行(Xing)现(Xian)场(Chang)跟(Gen)踪(Zong)测(Ce)试(Shi)分(Fen)析(Xi),得(De)出(Chu)以(Yi)下(Xia)结(Jie)论(Lun):1)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)主(Zhu)要(Yao)是(Shi)由(You)于(Yu)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)的(De)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)不(Bu)同(Tong)所(Suo)致(Zhi)。不(Bu)同(Tong)批(Pi)次(Ci)硅(Gui)片(Pian)的(De)硼(Peng)氧(Yang)含(Han)量(Liang)不(Bu)同(Tong),导(Dao)致(Zhi)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)的(De)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)不(Bu)同(Tong)。因(Yin)此(Ci)利(Li)用(Yong)硅(Gui)片(Pian)分(Fen)选(Xuan)机(Ji)控(Kong)制(Zhi)硅(Gui)片(Pian)质(Zhi)量(Liang),从(Cong)而(Er)保(Bao)证(Zheng)电(Dian)池(Chi)片(Pian)的(De)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)是(Shi)解(Jie)决(Jue)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)初(Chu)始(Shi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)的(De)有(You)效(Xiao)方(Fang)法(Fa)。2)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)的(De)材(Cai)料(Liao)老(Lao)化(Hua)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)主(Zhu)要(Yao)取(Qu)决(Jue)于(Yu)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)封(Feng)装(Zhuang)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)EVA和(He)背(Bei)板(Ban)质(Zhi)量(Liang),使(Shi)用(Yong)湿(Shi)热(Re)老(Lao)化(Hua)功(Gong)能(Neng)较(Jiao)强(Qiang)和(He)耐(Nai)紫(Zi)外(Wai)的(De)背(Bei)板(Ban)和(He)EVA材(Cai)料(Liao),能(Neng)较(Jiao)大(Da)程(Cheng)度(Du)保(Bao)证(Zheng)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)质(Zhi)量(Liang)。参(Can)考(Kao)文(Wen)献(Xian)[1]马(Ma)志(Zhi)恒(Heng).太(Tai)阳(Yang)能(Neng)电(Dian)池(Chi)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)分(Fen)析(Xi)[J].中(Zhong)国(Guo)高(Gao)新(Xin)技(Ji)术(Shu)企(Qi)业(Ye),2012,(17):32-33.[2]林(Lin)存(Cun)超(Chao).光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)质(Zhi)量(Liang)问(Wen)题(Ti)分(Fen)析(Xi)及(Ji)安(An)装(Zhuang)质(Zhi)量(Liang)控(Kong)制(Zhi)[J].中(Zhong)国(Guo)科(Ke)技(Ji)信(Xin)息(Xi),2015,(2):204-205.[3]张(Zhang)光(Guang)春(Chun),陈(Chen)如(Ru)龙(Long),温(Wen)建(Jian)军(Jun),等(Deng).P型(Xing)掺(Chan)硼(Peng)单(Dan)晶(Jing)硅(Gui)太(Tai)阳(Yang)电(Dian)池(Chi)和(He)组(Zu)件(Jian)早(Zao)期(Qi)光(Guang)致(Zhi)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)问(Wen)题(Ti)的(De)研(Yan)究(Jiu)[A].第(Di)十(Shi)届(Jie)中(Zhong)国(Guo)太(Tai)阳(Yang)能(Neng)光(Guang)伏(Fu)会(Hui)议(Yi)论(Lun)文(Wen)集(Ji)[C],常(Chang)州(Zhou),2008.[4]吴(Wu)翠(Cui)姑(Gu),于(Yu)波(Bo),韩(Han)帅(Shuai),等(Deng).多(Duo)晶(Jing)硅(Gui)光(Guang)伏(Fu)组(Zu)件(Jian)功(Gong)率(Lv)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)的(De)原(Yuan)因(Yin)分(Fen)析(Xi)以(Yi)及(Ji)优(You)化(Hua)措(Cuo)施(Shi)[J].电(Dian)气(Qi)技(Ji)术(Shu),2009,(8):113-114.黄(Huang)盛(Sheng)娟(Juan)1,2唐(Tang)荣(Rong)2唐(Tang)立(Li)军(Jun)1(1.长(Chang)沙(Sha)理(Li)工(Gong)大(Da)学(Xue)物(Wu)理(Li)与(Yu)电(Dian)子(Zi)科(Ke)学(Xue)学(Xue)院(Yuan);2.湖(Hu)南(Nan)红(Hong)太(Tai)阳(Yang)新(Xin)能(Neng)源(Yuan)科(Ke)技(Ji)有(You)限(Xian)公(Gong)司(Si))
另外Pro系列同样配备USB-C接口,但基于A17 Pro芯片的设计,iPhone 15 Pro的文件传输速度可以达到USB 3级别的10GB/秒。到了该做晚饭的点,也不想做饭,不知道想吃什么?老公就提议去吃鱼。自编《何以笙箫默》第二部(婚后的生活)第二十九集第...
今年的烟花会起的早闹得也挺晚约么夜里两点多钟的时候大伙儿才散了……