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《科学》(20220729出版)一周论文导读2022-07-31 20:00·科学网编译 | 李言Science, 29 JUL 2022, VOL 377, ISSUE 6605《科学》2022年7月29日,第377卷,6605期材料科学Material ScienceInactive (PbI2)2RbCl stabilizes perovskite films for efficient solar cells非活性(PbI2)2RbCl稳定钙钛矿薄膜高效太阳能电池▲ 作者:YANG ZHAO, FEI MAZIHAN QU, SHIQI YU, TAO SHEN, HUI-XIONG DENG et al.▲ 链接:https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp8873▲ 摘要:在卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池中,二次相过量碘化铅(PbI2)的形成对功率转换效率(PCE)有一定的积极影响,但会损害器件的稳定性,并在电压扫描时造成较大的滞后效应。通过RbCl掺杂,我们将PbI2转化为非活性(PbI2)2RbCl化合物,有效地稳定了钙钛矿相。基于此方法,我们获得了FAPbI3钙钛矿太阳能电池,其认证功率转换效率PCE为25.6%。在储存1000小时后,器件保留了96%原始功率转换效率PCE值,在85°C下进行500小时热稳定性测试后,保留了80%原始功率转换效率PCE值。▲ Abstract:In halide perovskite solar cells the formation of secondary-phase excess lead iodide (PbI2) has some positive effects on power conversion efficiency (PCE) but can be detrimental to device stability and lead to large hysteresis effects in voltage sweeps. We converted PbI2 into an inactive (PbI2)2RbCl compound by RbCl doping, which effectively stabilizes the perovskite phase. We obtained a certified PCE of 25.6% for FAPbI3 (FA, formamidinium) perovskite solar cells on the basis of this strategy. Devices retained 96% of their original PCE values after 1000 hours of shelf storage and 80% after 500 hours of thermal stability testing at 85°C.Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cellsspiro-OMeTAD离子调制自由基掺杂钙钛矿电池▲ 作者:TIANKAI ZHANG, FENG WANG, HAK-BEOM KIM, IN-WOO CHOIN et al.▲ 链接:https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo2757▲ 摘要:我们开发了一种新的spiro-OMeTAD掺杂方式,通过使用稳定的有机自由基作为掺杂剂,离子盐作为掺杂调制剂,避免了氧化后的问题。我们实现了大于25%的能量转换效率,并大大提高了恶劣条件下的设备稳定性。自由基提供的空穴极化子可以瞬间增加电导率和功函数(WF),而离子盐通过影响空穴极化子的能量学进一步调节WF。这种有机半导体掺杂方式可以将导电性和功函数WF可调性解耦,可以激发其他光电器件的进一步优化。▲ Abstract:We developed a new doping strategy for spiro-OMeTAD that avoids post-oxidation by using stable organic radicals as the dopant and ionic salts as the doping modulator (referred to as ion-modulated radical doping). We achieved PCEs of >25% and much-improved device stability under harsh conditions. The radicals provide hole polarons that instantly increase the conductivity and work function (WF), and ionic salts further modulate the WF by affecting the energetics of the hole polarons. This organic semiconductor doping strategy, which decouples conductivity and WF tunability, could inspire further optimization in other optoelectronic devices.DNA-guided lattice remodeling of carbon nanotubesDNA引导的碳纳米管晶格重构▲ 作者:ZHIWEI LIN, LETICIA C. BELTR?N, ZEUS A. DE LOS SANTOS, YINONG LI et al.▲ 链接:https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo4628▲ 摘要:在此,我们报告一种采用鸟嘌呤碱基的DNA序列特异性交联化学的解决方案。通过DNA筛选,我们确定了一个序列C3GC7GC3,与(8,3)对映体反应产生最小的无序诱导拉曼模式强度和光致发光Stokes位移,表明有序排列的晶格缺陷的形成。冷冻电子显微镜显示C3GC7GC3-(8, 3)具有有序的DNA螺旋结构,其螺距为6.5 ?。反应机理分析表明,这种螺距是由一系列g修饰的碳-碳键沿着螺旋线按固定距离分离而成的。我们的发现可能用于纳米管晶格重构以获得新的电子特性。▲ Abstract:We report a solution using DNA-directed, guanine (G)-specific cross-linking chemistry. Through DNA screening we identify a sequence, C3GC7GC3, whose reaction with an (8,3) enantiomer yields minimum disorder-induced Raman mode intensities and photoluminescence Stokes shift, suggesting ordered defect array formation. Single-particle cryo–electron microscopy shows that the C3GC7GC3 functionalized (8,3) has an ordered helical structure with a 6.5 angstroms periodicity. Reaction mechanism analysis suggests that the helical periodicity arises from an array of G-modified carbon-carbon bonds separated by a fixed distance along an armchair helical line. Our findings may be used to remodel nanotube lattices for novel electronic properties.Nanosecond protonic programmable resistors for analog deep learning用于模拟深度学习的纳秒质子可编程电阻▲ 作者:MURAT ONEN, NICOLAS EMOND, BAOMING WANG et al.▲ 链接:https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp8064▲ 摘要:在这项工作中,我们生成了硅兼容的纳米级质子可编程电阻,其在极端电场下具有非常理想的特性。这种操作机制使质子在室温下以一种节能的方式在纳秒内受控穿梭和插入。该装置具有对称、线性和可逆的调制特性,多个电导状态覆盖20× 动态范围。因此,全固态人工突触的时空能量性能可以大大超过它们的生物对应物。▲ Abstract:In this work, we generated silicon-compatible nanoscale protonic programmable resistors with highly desirable characteristics under extreme electric fields. This operation regime enabled controlled shuttling and intercalation of protons in nanoseconds at room temperature in an energy-efficient manner. The devices showed symmetric, linear, and reversible modulation characteristics with many conductance states covering a 20× dynamic range. Thus, the space-time-energy performance of the all–solid-state artificial synapses can greatly exceed that of their biological counterparts.地球科学Earth ScienceConstraints on the adjustment of tidal marshes to accelerating sea level rise潮汐沼泽调节对在海平面加速上升的制约因素▲ 作者:NEIL SAINTILAN, KATYA E. KOVALENKO, GLENN GUNTENSPERGEN et al.▲ 链接:https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo7872▲ 摘要:珍贵的潮汐沼泽生态系统在面对相关海平面上升时的脆弱性仍然存疑。先前对海平面上升的恢复力的评估显示,根据当代或全新世的地质数据的不同,沼泽可以通过沉积物的增加和海拔的增加来调整海平面上升的恢复力结果也截然不同。通过分析当代的全球数据,我们发现沼泽沉积物的增加与海平面的上升是对等的,这似乎证实了之前所说的沼泽恢复力。然而,地基沉降量随吸积量呈非线性增长。因此,沼泽高度的增加受到海平面上升的限制,而出现的下降与全新世对潮汐沼泽脆弱性的观测结果一致。▲ Abstract:Much uncertainty exists about the vulnerability of valuable tidal marsh ecosystems to relative sea level rise. Previous assessments of resilience to sea level rise, to which marshes can adjust by sediment accretion and elevation gain, revealed contrasting results, depending on contemporary or Holocene geological data. By analyzing globally distributed contemporary data, we found that marsh sediment accretion increases in parity with sea level rise, seemingly confirming previously claimed marsh resilience. However, subsidence of the substrate shows a nonlinear increase with accretion. As a result, marsh elevation gain is constrained in relation to sea level rise, and deficits emerge that are consistent with Holocene observations of tidal marsh vulnerability.生物学BiologyPollinators of the sea: A discovery of animal-mediated fertilization in seaweed海洋授粉者:海藻中动物介导受精的发现▲ 作者:E. LAVAUT, M.-L. GUILLEMIN, S. COLINA. FAURE et al.▲ 链接:https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo6661▲ 摘要:长期以来认为海洋中不存在动物授粉的观点在最近的海草研究中遭到了反对,这促进了其他对海洋动物的研究。这在红藻中尤其相关。在红藻中,雌性配子没有解放,雄性配子没有鞭毛。利用等足类动物Idotea balthica和红藻Gracilaria gracilis的实验,我们证明了生物相互作用通过动物运输体内的精子显著提高了藻类的受精成功率。这一发现表明,动物介导的受精可能在陆地和海洋环境中独立进化,并增加了在植物上岸之前在海洋中出现的可能性。▲ Abstract:The long-held belief that animal-mediated pollination is absent in the sea has recently been contradicted in seagrasses, motivating investigations of other marine phyla. This is particularly relevant in red algae, in which female gametes are not liberated and male gametes are not flagellated. Using experiments with the isopod Idotea balthica and the red alga Gracilaria gracilis, we demonstrate that biotic interactions dramatically increase the fertilization success of the alga through animal transport of spermatia on their body. This discovery suggests that animal-mediated fertilization could have evolved independently in terrestrial and marine environments and raises the possibility of its emergence in the sea before plants moved ashore.
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河洛工作室自毁长城酝酿了3年的《侠之道》收获无数差评原创2022-11-26 19:09·飘流幻境官方对于国产武侠游戏的爱好者而言河洛工作室推出的《金庸群侠传》《武林群侠传》和《侠客风云传》系列堪称经典然而老朋友智冠公司的背刺却让河洛过得举步维艰他们开发的《侠之道》也遇到了很严重的问题河洛给人的一贯印象就是国内最会做武侠单机的工作室《侠之道》或者说曾经的《侠隐阁》就是他们在武侠单机领域的最新尝试然而第三年剧情发布后却引发了轩然大波玩家们在体验过后纷纷用差评表达对于新剧情的不满游戏的近期评价也从特别好瓶滑落至褒贬不一此事的原因要追溯到2015年的《侠客风云传》身上这款游戏上市首日销量破十万首周销量突破20万抢尽了同期仙侠大作《仙剑6》的风头而这款游戏也正式宣告河洛工作室成功回归国内单机市场但在名利双收的背后该游戏的版权纠纷一直困扰着河洛最终河洛被判赔偿智冠530万元而且早早立项的《侠客2》也胎死腹中这对于一个刚恢复少许元气的工作室而言无疑是晴天霹雳该事件直接影响到《河洛群侠传》和新作《侠隐阁》的开发后者更是被智冠起诉不得不改名为《侠之道》这款游戏是河洛内部的年轻策划提出的方案最初的计划是做成类似《女神异闻录5》的养成游戏项目内部的压力也并不大然而与智冠间的官司纠纷打乱了河洛的所有计划即便如此第一学年的《侠隐阁》也收获了超过90%的好评率游戏继承了河洛在剧情方面的一贯特色深入探讨了何为侠的问题兼具深度与温度让玩家同时感受到江湖中的残酷与温情第一学年的众多优点在第二学年继续发扬光大黑云压城般的紧张氛围以及幕后黑手的亮相都再次拔高了玩家们的期待最终战唐三长以行动诠释仁侠的一幕成为玩家们最难忘的回忆然而第三年推出后却让玩家们大失所望整个故事的高潮和结局被压缩到了一学年的剧情当中这就导致剧情的衔接和铺垫部分过于薄弱最直接的感受就是人物的性格转变过于突兀而剧情的推进和转折也令人猝不及防玩家没能沉浸到故事剧情中而整个流程的容错率却几乎为零最终导致游戏差评不断对于RPG游戏而言剧情无疑是灵魂所在《侠之道》犯的错误早在十几年前就有行业前辈给出过答案06年的二次元网游《飘流幻境》本就是以探索和过剧情为主要玩法的RPG游戏熟悉这款游戏的朋友应该还记得大部分拥有独立剧情的NPC都会在剧情末尾牺牲如果单独拎出来看这种剧情杀的桥段犯了和《侠之道》一样的错误——铺垫不够充分比如可爱萌妹妮丝就是替哥哥挡住好友萝卡的致命攻击因此才永远离开了主角只看这一段无疑相当突兀然而《飘流幻境》在此之前却对妮丝的死做了大量的铺垫细心的玩家在妮丝和弗雷德兄妹相见之前应该就猜到了她会死去首先是萝卡和小兰在南岛瀑布戏水的支线任务它解释了一个惊人的事实:所有身上带星座纹身的角色都会死在冥王穆特的阴谋之下而在姐妹沐浴的CG中可以明显看到两人身上都有星座图案那么以此推断妮丝大概率也会有相同的命运而萝卡和妮丝在山顶看星星的一幕又是标准的立flag剧情而这些线索只是众多伏笔中的一部分至于还有哪些细节预示了妮丝的命运就要等大家亲自到游戏中寻找了大家对《侠之道》第三学年的表现有何看法呢欢迎在评论区发表意见哦
第叁,终身质保看似贴心实则苛刻。很多电车品牌,为了促进销量,打出“动力电池包、驱动电机终身质保”的旗号,听起来很贴心,实际执行条件很苛刻,比如不按用户手册规定的保养周期在授权服务店保养、事故维修未在授权服务店维修、人为或者意外发生碰撞、水浸、火烧或者其他事故导致维修过叁电系统相关零件等情况,就不能享受终身质保,如果严格按照品牌方的要求执行,很多车主其实是不满足条件的。可是呢,在订婚的第二天,却遇到了谢晓峰。谢晓峰是江湖中有名的剑神,年轻有为,又是神剑山庄的叁少爷。