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《科(Ke)学(Xue)》（20220722出(Chu)版(Ban)）一(Yi)周(Zhou)论(Lun)文(Wen)导(Dao)读(Du)2022-07-24 21:40·科(Ke)学(Xue)网(Wang)编(Bian)译(Yi) | 冯(Feng)维(Wei)维(Wei)Science, 22 July 2022, Volume 377 Issue 6604《科(Ke)学(Xue)》2022年(Nian)7月(Yue)22日(Ri)，第(Di)377 卷(Juan)，6604期(Qi)物(Wu)理(Li)化(Hua)学(Xue)Physical chemistryQuantum effects in thermal reaction rates at metal surfaces金(Jin)属(Shu)表(Biao)面(Mian)热(Re)反(Fan)应(Ying)速(Su)率(Lv)的(De)量(Liang)子(Zi)效(Xiao)应(Ying)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：DMITRIY BORODIN, NILS HERTLG. BARRATT PARK, MICHAEL SCHWARZERJAN, ALEC M. WODTKE, etc.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq1414▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：准(Zhun)确(Que)描(Miao)述(Shu)表(Biao)面(Mian)化(Hua)学(Xue)反(Fan)应(Ying)的(De)基(Ji)本(Ben)步(Bu)骤(Zhou)是(Shi)一(Yi)个(Ge)长(Chang)期(Qi)的(De)挑(Tiao)战(Zhan)，因(Yin)为(Wei)缺(Que)乏(Fa)可(Ke)靠(Kao)的(De)实(Shi)验(Yan)测(Ce)量(Liang)相(Xiang)应(Ying)的(De)速(Su)率(Lv)常(Chang)数(Shu)，这(Zhe)使(Shi)它(Ta)不(Bu)可(Ke)能(Neng)严(Yan)格(Ge)验(Yan)证(Zheng)理(Li)论(Lun)估(Gu)计(Ji)。即(Ji)使(Shi)是(Shi)像(Xiang)氢(Qing)原(Yuan)子(Zi)在(Zai)铂(Bo)表(Biao)面(Mian)的(De)热(Re)复(Fu)合(He)这(Zhe)样(Yang)简(Jian)单(Dan)的(De)反(Fan)应(Ying)，以(Yi)前(Qian)的(De)实(Shi)验(Yan)速(Su)率(Lv)常(Chang)数(Shu)也(Ye)只(Zhi)是(Shi)在(Zai)很(Hen)大(Da)的(De)不(Bu)确(Que)定(Ding)性(Xing)下(Xia)得(De)到(Dao)的(De)。使(Shi)用(Yong)速(Su)度(Du)分(Fen)辨(Bian)动(Dong)力(Li)学(Xue)和(He)基(Ji)于(Yu)离(Li)子(Zi)成(Cheng)像(Xiang)的(De)绝(Jue)对(Dui)分(Fen)子(Zi)束(Shu)通(Tong)量(Liang)校(Xiao)准(Zhun)，作(Zuo)者(Zhe)克(Ke)服(Fu)了(Liao)实(Shi)验(Yan)困(Kun)难(Nan)，报(Bao)告(Gao)了(Liao)该(Gai)反(Fan)应(Ying)在(Zai)宽(Kuan)温(Wen)度(Du)范(Fan)围(Wei)内(Nei)的(De)空(Kong)前(Qian)准(Zhun)确(Que)的(De)速(Su)率(Lv)常(Chang)数(Shu)。他(Ta)们(Men)还(Huan)展(Zhan)示(Shi)了(Liao)一(Yi)个(Ge)定(Ding)量(Liang)再(Zai)现(Xian)实(Shi)验(Yan)的(De)无(Wu)参(Can)数(Shu)模(Mo)型(Xing)，为(Wei)日(Ri)益(Yi)增(Zeng)长(Chang)的(De)计(Ji)算(Suan)多(Duo)相(Xiang)催(Cui)化(Hua)领(Ling)域(Yu)开(Kai)辟(Bi)了(Liao)新(Xin)的(De)前(Qian)景(Jing)。▲ Abstract：Accurate description of elementary steps of chemical reactions at surfaces is a long-standing challenge because of the lack of reliable experimental measurements of the corresponding rate constants, which also makes it impossible to rigorously validate theoretical estimates. Even for reactions as simple as thermal recombination of hydrogen atoms on platinum surfaces, previous experimental rate constants have only been obtained with large uncertainties. Using velocity-resolved kinetics and ion imaging–based calibration of absolute molecular beam fluxes, Borodin et al. managed to overcome established experimental difficulties and report unprecedentedly accurate rate constants for this reaction over a wide temperature range. They also demonstrate a parameter-free model that quantitatively reproduces the experiment, opening up new vistas for the growing field of computational heterogeneous catalysis.High ambipolar mobility in cubic boron arsenide revealed by transient reflectivity microscopy用(Yong)瞬(Shun)态(Tai)反(Fan)射(She)率(Lv)显(Xian)微(Wei)镜(Jing)观(Guan)察(Cha)立(Li)方(Fang)砷(Shen)化(Hua)硼(Peng)的(De)高(Gao)双(Shuang)极(Ji)性(Xing)迁(Qian)移(Yi)率(Lv)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：SHUAI YUE, FEI TIAN, XXINYU SUIMOHAMMADJAVAD MOHEBINIA, XIANXIN WUTIAN TONGZHIMING WANG, BO WU, QING ZHANG, XINFENG LIU▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn4727▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：在(Zai)室(Shi)温(Wen)条(Tiao)件(Jian)下(Xia)，半(Ban)导(Dao)体(Ti)立(Li)方(Fang)砷(Shen)化(Hua)硼(Peng)（c-BAs）对(Dui)电(Dian)子(Zi)的(De)载(Zai)流(Liu)子(Zi)迁(Qian)移(Yi)率(Lv)为(Wei)1400平(Ping)方(Fang)厘(Li)米(Mi)/伏(Fu)特(Te)秒(Miao)，对(Dui)空(Kong)穴(Xue)的(De)载(Zai)流(Liu)子(Zi)迁(Qian)移(Yi)率(Lv)为(Wei)2100平(Ping)方(Fang)厘(Li)米(Mi)/伏(Fu)特(Te)秒(Miao)。利(Li)用(Yong)泵(Beng)探(Tan)针(Zhen)瞬(Shun)态(Tai)反(Fan)射(She)率(Lv)显(Xian)微(Wei)镜(Jing)观(Guan)察(Cha)光(Guang)激(Ji)发(Fa)载(Zai)流(Liu)子(Zi)在(Zai)单(Dan)晶(Jing)c-BAs中(Zhong)的(De)扩(Kuo)散(San)，以(Yi)获(Huo)得(De)其(Qi)迁(Qian)移(Yi)率(Lv)。通(Tong)过(Guo)对(Dui)近(Jin)带(Dai)隙(Xi)的(De)600纳(Na)米(Mi)泵(Beng)浦(Pu)脉(Mai)冲(Chong)，作(Zuo)者(Zhe)发(Fa)现(Xian)高(Gao)的(De)双(Shuang)极(Ji)迁(Qian)移(Yi)率(Lv)为(Wei)1550±120平(Ping)方(Fang)厘(Li)米(Mi)/伏(Fu)特(Te)秒(Miao)，与(Yu)理(Li)论(Lun)预(Yu)测(Ce)一(Yi)致(Zhi)。在(Zai)同(Tong)一(Yi)地(Di)点(Dian)进(Jin)行(Xing)的(De)400纳(Na)米(Mi)泵(Beng)的(De)额(E)外(Wai)实(Shi)验(Yan)显(Xian)示(Shi)，迁(Qian)移(Yi)率(Lv)为(Wei)>3000平(Ping)方(Fang)厘(Li)米(Mi)/伏(Fu)特(Te)秒(Miao)，作(Zuo)者(Zhe)将(Jiang)其(Qi)归(Gui)因(Yin)于(Yu)热(Re)电(Dian)子(Zi)在(Zai)发(Fa)挥(Hui)作(Zuo)用(Yong)。高(Gao)载(Zai)流(Liu)子(Zi)迁(Qian)移(Yi)率(Lv)的(De)观(Guan)察(Cha)，结(Jie)合(He)高(Gao)热(Re)导(Dao)率(Lv)，使(Shi)c-BAs在(Zai)高(Gao)性(Xing)能(Neng)电(Dian)子(Zi)和(He)光(Guang)电(Dian)子(Zi)领(Ling)域(Yu)的(De)大(Da)量(Liang)器(Qi)件(Jian)应(Ying)用(Yong)成(Cheng)为(Wei)可(Ke)能(Neng)。▲ Abstract：Semiconducting cubic boron arsenide (c-BAs) has been predicted to have carrier mobility of 1400 square centimeters per volt-second for electrons and 2100 square centimeters per volt-second for holes at room temperature. Using pump-probe transient reflectivity microscopy, we monitored the diffusion of photoexcited carriers in single-crystal c-BAs to obtain their mobility. With near-bandgap 600-nanometer pump pulses, we found a high ambipolar mobility of 1550 ± 120 square centimeters per volt-second, in good agreement with theoretical prediction. Additional experiments with 400-nanometer pumps on the same spot revealed a mobility of >3000 square centimeters per volt-second, which we attribute to hot electrons. The observation of high carrier mobility, in conjunction with high thermal conductivity, enables an enormous number of device applications for c-BAs in high-performance electronics and optoelectronics.High ambipolar mobility in cubic boron arsenide立(Li)方(Fang)砷(Shen)化(Hua)硼(Peng)的(De)高(Gao)双(Shuang)极(Ji)性(Xing)迁(Qian)移(Yi)率(Lv)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：JUNGWOO SHI, GEETHAL AMILA GAMAGE, ZHIWEI DING, KE CHEN, FEI TIAN, HWIJONG LEE, GANG CHEN, etc.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn4290▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：具(Ju)有(You)高(Gao)热(Re)导(Dao)率(Lv)和(He)高(Gao)电(Dian)子(Zi)-空(Kong)穴(Xue)迁(Qian)移(Yi)率(Lv)的(De)半(Ban)导(Dao)体(Ti)对(Dui)于(Yu)电(Dian)子(Zi)器(Qi)件(Jian)和(He)光(Guang)子(Zi)器(Qi)件(Jian)以(Yi)及(Ji)基(Ji)础(Chu)研(Yan)究(Jiu)具(Ju)有(You)重(Zhong)要(Yao)意(Yi)义(Yi)。在(Zai)这(Zhe)些(Xie)超(Chao)高(Gao)导(Dao)热(Re)材(Cai)料(Liao)中(Zhong)，立(Li)方(Fang)砷(Shen)化(Hua)硼(Peng)（c-BAs）的(De)电(Dian)子(Zi)和(He)空(Kong)穴(Xue)迁(Qian)移(Yi)率(Lv)将(Jiang)同(Tong)时(Shi)达(Da)到(Dao)>1000厘(Li)米(Mi)平(Ping)方(Fang)/伏(Fu)特(Te)/秒(Miao)。利(Li)用(Yong)光(Guang)学(Xue)瞬(Shun)变(Bian)光(Guang)栅(Zha)技(Ji)术(Shu)，作(Zuo)者(Zhe)在(Zai)室(Shi)温(Wen)下(Xia)实(Shi)验(Yan)测(Ce)量(Liang)了(Liao)c-BAs样(Yang)品(Pin)的(De)相(Xiang)同(Tong)位(Wei)置(Zhi)，其(Qi)热(Re)导(Dao)率(Lv)为(Wei)每(Mei)米(Mi)每(Mei)开(Kai)尔(Er)文(Wen)1200瓦(Wa)，双(Shuang)极(Ji)迁(Qian)移(Yi)率(Lv)为(Wei)每(Mei)伏(Fu)特(Te)每(Mei)秒(Miao)1600平(Ping)方(Fang)厘(Li)米(Mi)。从(Cong)头(Tou)计(Ji)算(Suan)表(Biao)明(Ming)，降(Jiang)低(Di)电(Dian)离(Li)杂(Za)质(Zhi)浓(Nong)度(Du)和(He)中(Zhong)性(Xing)杂(Za)质(Zhi)浓(Nong)度(Du)是(Shi)获(Huo)得(De)高(Gao)迁(Qian)移(Yi)率(Lv)和(He)高(Gao)热(Re)导(Dao)率(Lv)的(De)关(Guan)键(Jian)。由(You)于(Yu)具(Ju)有(You)高(Gao)的(De)双(Shuang)极(Ji)性(Xing)移(Yi)动(Dong)性(Xing)和(He)超(Chao)高(Gao)的(De)热(Re)导(Dao)率(Lv)，c-BAs有(You)望(Wang)成(Cheng)为(Wei)下(Xia)一(Yi)代(Dai)电(Dian)子(Zi)产(Chan)品(Pin)的(De)候(Hou)选(Xuan)材(Cai)料(Liao)。▲ Abstract：Semiconductors with high thermal conductivity and electron-hole mobility are of great importance for electronic and photonic devices as well as for fundamental studies. Among the ultrahigh–thermal conductivity materials, cubic boron arsenide (c-BAs) is predicted to exhibit simultaneously high electron and hole mobilities of >1000 centimeters squared per volt per second. Using the optical transient grating technique, we experimentally measured thermal conductivity of 1200 watts per meter per kelvin and ambipolar mobility of 1600 centimeters squared per volt per second at the same locations on c-BAs samples at room temperature despite spatial variations. Ab initio calculations show that lowering ionized and neutral impurity concentrations is key to achieving high mobility and high thermal conductivity, respectively. The high ambipolar mobilities combined with the ultrahigh thermal conductivity make c-BAs a promising candidate for next-generation electronics.化(Hua)学(Xue)ChemistryPhysical mixing of a catalyst and a hydrophobic polymer promotes CO hydrogenation through dehydration催(Cui)化(Hua)剂(Ji)和(He)疏(Shu)水(Shui)聚(Ju)合(He)物(Wu)的(De)物(Wu)理(Li)混(Hun)合(He)通(Tong)过(Guo)脱(Tuo)水(Shui)促(Cu)进(Jin)一(Yi)氧(Yang)化(Hua)碳(Tan)氢(Qing)化(Hua)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：WEI FANG, CHENGTAO WANG, LIANG WANG, LU LIU, HANGJIE LI, FENG-SHOU XIAO, etc.▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo0356▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：在(Zai)许(Xu)多(Duo)受(Shou)水(Shui)限(Xian)制(Zhi)的(De)反(Fan)应(Ying)中(Zhong)，选(Xuan)择(Ze)性(Xing)地(Di)从(Cong)反(Fan)应(Ying)系(Xi)统(Tong)中(Zhong)去(Qu)除(Chu)水(Shui)至(Zhi)关(Guan)重(Zhong)要(Yao)，通(Tong)常(Chang)需(Xu)要(Yao)膜(Mo)反(Fan)应(Ying)器(Qi)。作(Zuo)者(Zhe)发(Fa)现(Xian)，疏(Shu)水(Shui)聚(Ju)二(Er)乙(Yi)烯(Xi)苯(Ben)与(Yu)钴(Zuo)锰(Meng)碳(Tan)化(Hua)物(Wu)的(De)简(Jian)单(Dan)物(Wu)理(Li)混(Hun)合(He)物(Wu)可(Ke)以(Yi)调(Diao)节(Jie)催(Cui)化(Hua)剂(Ji)的(De)局(Ju)部(Bu)环(Huan)境(Jing)，以(Yi)快(Kuai)速(Su)运(Yun)输(Shu)合(He)成(Cheng)气(Qi)转(Zhuan)化(Hua)中(Zhong)的(De)水(Shui)产(Chan)品(Pin)。这(Zhe)能(Neng)够(Gou)改(Gai)变(Bian)催(Cui)化(Hua)剂(Ji)表(Biao)面(Mian)的(De)水(Shui)吸(Xi)附(Fu)平(Ping)衡(Heng)，导(Dao)致(Zhi)更(Geng)大(Da)比(Bi)例(Li)的(De)自(Zi)由(You)表(Biao)面(Mian)，反(Fan)过(Guo)来(Lai)将(Jiang)合(He)成(Cheng)气(Qi)转(Zhuan)化(Hua)率(Lv)提(Ti)高(Gao)近(Jin)2倍(Bei)。在(Zai)250℃条(Tiao)件(Jian)下(Xia)，一(Yi)氧(Yang)化(Hua)碳(Tan)转(Zhuan)化(Hua)率(Lv)达(Da)到(Dao)63.5%，71.4%的(De)烃(Ting)类(Lei)产(Chan)物(Wu)为(Wei)轻(Qing)烯(Xi)烃(Ting)，优(You)于(Yu)同(Tong)等(Deng)条(Tiao)件(Jian)下(Xia)的(De)无(Wu)聚(Ju)二(Er)乙(Yi)烯(Xi)苯(Ben)催(Cui)化(Hua)剂(Ji)。物(Wu)理(Li)混(Hun)合(He)钴(Zuo)锰(Meng)碳(Tan)/聚(Ju)二(Er)乙(Yi)烯(Xi)苯(Ben)催(Cui)化(Hua)剂(Ji)在(Zai)120小(Xiao)时(Shi)的(De)连(Lian)续(Xu)测(Ce)试(Shi)中(Zhong)具(Ju)有(You)良(Liang)好(Hao)的(De)耐(Nai)久(Jiu)性(Xing)。▲ Abstract：In many reactions restricted by water, selective removal of water from the reaction system is critical and usually requires a membrane reactor. We found that a simple physical mixture of hydrophobic poly(divinylbenzene) with cobalt-manganese carbide could modulate a local environment of catalysts for rapidly shipping water product in syngas conversion. We were able to shift the water-sorption equilibrium on the catalyst surface, leading to a greater proportion of free surface that in turn raised the rate of syngas conversion by nearly a factor of 2. The carbon monoxide conversion reached 63.5%, and 71.4% of the hydrocarbon products were light olefins at 250°C, outperforming poly(divinylbenzene)-free catalyst under equivalent reaction conditions. The physically mixed CoMn carbide/poly(divinylbenzene) catalyst was durable in the continuous test for 120 hours.物(Wu)理(Li)学(Xue)PhysicsAmplified emission and lasing in photonic time crystals光(Guang)子(Zi)时(Shi)间(Jian)晶(Jing)体(Ti)中(Zhong)的(De)放(Fang)大(Da)发(Fa)射(She)和(He)激(Ji)光(Guang)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：MARK LYUBAROV, YAAKOV LUMERALEX DIKOPOLTSEV, ERAN LUSTIG, YONATAN SHARABIAND MORDECHAI SEGEV▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo3324▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：规(Gui)则(Ze)光(Guang)子(Zi)晶(Jing)体(Ti)是(Shi)一(Yi)种(Zhong)折(Zhe)射(She)率(Lv)具(Ju)有(You)空(Kong)间(Jian)周(Zhou)期(Qi)性(Xing)的(De)结(Jie)构(Gou)，可(Ke)以(Yi)抑(Yi)制(Zhi)结(Jie)构(Gou)中(Zhong)嵌(Qian)入(Ru)的(De)发(Fa)射(She)器(Qi)的(De)自(Zi)发(Fa)光(Guang)发(Fa)射(She)。在(Zai)光(Guang)子(Zi)时(Shi)间(Jian)晶(Jing)体(Ti)中(Zhong)，折(Zhe)射(She)率(Lv)在(Zai)超(Chao)快(Kuai)时(Shi)间(Jian)尺(Chi)度(Du)上(Shang)周(Zhou)期(Qi)性(Xing)地(Di)调(Diao)制(Zhi)。作(Zuo)者(Zhe)从(Cong)理(Li)论(Lun)上(Shang)探(Tan)索(Suo)了(Liao)当(Dang)一(Yi)个(Ge)发(Fa)射(She)器(Qi)被(Bei)放(Fang)置(Zhi)在(Zai)这(Zhe)样(Yang)一(Yi)个(Ge)时(Shi)间(Jian)晶(Jing)体(Ti)中(Zhong)会(Hui)发(Fa)生(Sheng)什(Shi)么(Me)。与(Yu)常(Chang)规(Gui)光(Guang)子(Zi)晶(Jing)体(Ti)相(Xiang)比(Bi)，作(Zuo)者(Zhe)发(Fa)现(Xian)时(Shi)间(Jian)晶(Jing)体(Ti)应(Ying)该(Gai)放(Fang)大(Da)发(Fa)射(She)，产(Chan)生(Sheng)激(Ji)光(Guang)。▲ Abstract：Regular photonic crystals are structures in which the refractive index is spatially periodic and can suppress the spontaneous emission of light from an emitter embedded in the structure. In photonic time crystals, the refractive index is periodically modulated in time on ultrafast time scales. Lyubarov et al. explored theoretically what happens when an emitter is placed in such a time crystal. In contrast to the regular photonic crystals, the authors found that time crystals should amplify emission, leading to lasing.生(Sheng)物(Wu)多(Duo)样(Yang)性(Xing)BiodiversityInterspecific competition limits bird species’ ranges in tropical mountains种(Zhong)间(Jian)竞(Jing)争(Zheng)限(Xian)制(Zhi)了(Liao)热(Re)带(Dai)山(Shan)区(Qu)鸟(Niao)类(Lei)的(De)活(Huo)动(Dong)范(Fan)围(Wei)▲ 作(Zuo)者(Zhe)：BENJAMIN G. FREEMAN, MATTHEW STRIMAS-MACKEY AND ELIOT T. MILLER▲ 链(Lian)接(Jie)：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl7242▲ 摘(Zhai)要(Yao)：物(Wu)种(Zhong)的(De)地(Di)理(Li)范(Fan)围(Wei)受(Shou)到(Dao)气(Qi)候(Hou)和(He)物(Wu)种(Zhong)相(Xiang)互(Hu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)的(De)限(Xian)制(Zhi)。气(Qi)候(Hou)是(Shi)解(Jie)释(Shi)为(Wei)什(Shi)么(Me)物(Wu)种(Zhong)只(Zhi)能(Neng)生(Sheng)活(Huo)在(Zai)极(Ji)具(Ju)生(Sheng)物(Wu)多(Duo)样(Yang)性(Xing)的(De)热(Re)带(Dai)山(Shan)脉(Mai)的(De)狭(Xia)窄(Zhai)海(Hai)拔(Ba)范(Fan)围(Wei)内(Nei)的(De)普(Pu)遍(Bian)原(Yuan)因(Yin)，但(Dan)竞(Jing)争(Zheng)也(Ye)会(Hui)限(Xian)制(Zhi)物(Wu)种(Zhong)的(De)海(Hai)拔(Ba)范(Fan)围(Wei)。作(Zuo)者(Zhe)通(Tong)过(Guo)在(Zai)31个(Ge)山(Shan)地(Di)地(Di)区(Qu)进(Jin)行(Xing)鸟(Niao)类(Lei)海(Hai)拔(Ba)范(Fan)围(Wei)大(Da)小(Xiao)的(De)全(Quan)球(Qiu)比(Bi)较(Jiao)测(Ce)试(Shi)来(Lai)检(Jian)验(Yan)这(Zhe)些(Xie)假(Jia)设(She)的(De)对(Dui)比(Bi)预(Yu)测(Ce)，使(Shi)用(Yong)来(Lai)自(Zi)全(Quan)球(Qiu)公(Gong)民(Min)项(Xiang)目(Mu)eBird的(De)440多(Duo)万(Wan)公(Gong)民(Min)科(Ke)学(Xue)记(Ji)录(Lu)，来(Lai)定(Ding)义(Yi)每(Mei)个(Ge)地(Di)区(Qu)物(Wu)种(Zhong)的(De)海(Hai)拔(Ba)范(Fan)围(Wei)。他(Ta)们(Men)找(Zhao)到(Dao)了(Liao)强(Qiang)有(You)力(Li)的(De)证(Zheng)据(Ju)，证(Zheng)明(Ming)竞(Jing)争(Zheng)、而(Er)非(Fei)气(Qi)候(Hou)，是(Shi)狭(Xia)窄(Zhai)海(Hai)拔(Ba)范(Fan)围(Wei)的(De)主(Zhu)要(Yao)驱(Qu)动(Dong)因(Yin)素(Su)。这(Zhe)些(Xie)结(Jie)果(Guo)强(Qiang)调(Diao)了(Liao)物(Wu)种(Zhong)相(Xiang)互(Hu)作(Zuo)用(Yong)在(Zai)塑(Su)造(Zao)热(Re)带(Dai)山(Shan)区(Qu)物(Wu)种(Zhong)分(Fen)布(Bu)范(Fan)围(Wei)中(Zhong)的(De)重(Zhong)要(Yao)性(Xing)，热(Re)带(Dai)山(Shan)区(Qu)是(Shi)地(Di)球(Qiu)上(Shang)最(Zui)热(Re)门(Men)的(De)生(Sheng)物(Wu)多(Duo)样(Yang)性(Xing)热(Re)点(Dian)地(Di)区(Qu)。▲ Abstract：Species’ geographic ranges are limited by climate and species interactions. Climate is the prevailing explanation for why species live only within narrow elevational ranges in megadiverse biodiverse tropical mountains, but competition can also restrict species’ elevational ranges. We test contrasting predictions of these hypotheses by conducting a global comparative test of birds’ elevational range sizes within 31 montane regions, using more than 4.4 million citizen science records from eBird to define species’ elevational ranges in each region. We find strong support that competition, not climate, is the leading driver of narrow elevational ranges. These results highlight the importance of species interactions in shaping species’ ranges in tropical mountains, Earth’s hottest biodiversity hotspots.
jiemeiliadeganqingfeichanghao，jingchangzaiduifangbeiliuyanchanshenshichulailiting。2024-07-05 19:24·zhiboba
近(闯颈苍)日(搁颈)，网(奥补苍驳)上(厂丑补苍驳)的(顿别)一(驰颈)则(窜别)“土(罢耻)霸(叠补)王(奥补苍驳)”的(顿别)新(齿颈苍)闻(奥别苍)让(搁补苍驳)我(奥辞)们(惭别苍)忽(贬耻)然(搁补苍)意(驰颈)识(厂丑颈)到(顿补辞)“人(搁别苍)老(尝补辞)变(叠颈补苍)坏(贬耻补颈)了(尝颈补辞)，坏(贬耻补颈)人(搁别苍)变(叠颈补苍)老(尝补辞)了(尝颈补辞)”这(窜丑别)句(闯耻)话(贬耻补)说(厂丑耻辞)的(顿别)一(驰颈)点(顿颈补苍)也(驰别)没(惭别颈)错(颁耻辞)，有(驰辞耻)些(齿颈别)老(尝补辞)年(狈颈补苍)人(搁别苍)随(厂耻颈)着(窜丑耻辞)年(狈颈补苍)龄(尝颈苍驳)的(顿别)增(窜别苍驳)长(颁丑补苍驳)，良(尝颈补苍驳)心(齿颈苍)也(驰别)跟(骋别苍)着(窜丑耻辞)凋(顿颈补辞)零(尝颈苍驳)了(尝颈补辞)，性(齿颈苍驳)格(骋别)和(贬别)行(齿颈苍驳)为(奥别颈)变(叠颈补苍)得(顿别)越(驰耻别)来(尝补颈)越(驰耻别)不(叠耻)可(碍别)理(尝颈)喻(驰耻)。
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